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Localised evaporative emission inventory of gasoline vehicle volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in China: Insights into regional variations and driving behaviours

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Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) 2025年 382卷 126661页

作者： Chunxiao Hao Dailin Yin Junfang Wang Hang Yin Xiao Guo Jia Ke Qingyan Liu Yunshan Ge Guangyu Dou School of Mechanical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China Key Laboratory for Vehicle Emission Control and Simulation of Ministry of Ecology and Environment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Beijing 100012 China. CATARC Automotive Test Center Tianjin Co . Ltd Tianjin 300300 China. Key Laboratory for Vehicle Emission Control and Simulation of Ministry of Ecology and Environment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Beijing 100012 China Institute of Advanced Technology University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China. School of Mechanical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China. Electronic address: geyunshan@***. Key Laboratory for Vehicle Emission Control and Simulation of Ministry of Ecology and Environment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Beijing 100012 China. Electronic address: douguangyu@***.

Evaporative emission from gasoline vehicles is a major source of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in China. This study developed a localised evaporative emission model that incorporated key factors, such as fuel vapour pressure, temperature variations, fuel tank volume, carbon canister size, mileage, and parking behaviour. Drawing from the American MOVES and European COPERT models and combining with the real situation in China, the study created an emission inventory categorised by vehicle types, emission standards, emission processes, and regions. It also estimated changes in evaporative emissions under the influence of climate change. The results revealed that, in 2020, evaporative emissions from gasoline vehicles in China reached 517,000 tonnes, with diurnal and hot soak emissions contributing the largest share (63%). By 2025, these emissions are projected to increase to 602,000 tonnes before declining to 408,000 tonnes by 2030. Furthermore, the characteristics of evaporative emissions vary significantly by region and driving behaviour, with particularly high emissions observed in Guangdong and other provinces. Therefore, future air pollution prevention and control strategies in China should consider these regional and behavioural variations. From the perspective of the classification of this study, targeting evaporative emissions in 13 key provinces can effectively control 66% of the total VOCs emissions of the nation.

关键词： Climate change impact Emission inventory Evaporative emission Gasoline vehicles Regional emission variation Volatile organic compounds

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Preface

Engineering Applications of Computational Methods

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Engineering Applications of Computational Methods 2023年 13卷 V页

作者： Wen, Chih-Yung Jiang, Yazhong Shi, Lisong Department of Aeronautical and Aviation Engineering Faculty of Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong Hubei Key Laboratory of Theory and Application of Advanced Materials Mechanics School of Science Wuhan University of Technology Hubei Wuhan China

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Giant electro-optic effect in chiral topological semimetal RhSi

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Li, Zhi Gao, Yuewen Gu, Yu Zhang, Shengli Iitaka, Toshiaki Liu, W.M. MIIT key Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Institute of optoelectronics & Nanomaterials Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing210094 China Discrete Event Simulation Research Team RIKEN Center for Computational Science 2-1 Hirosawa Saitama Wako351-0198 Japan Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China

We studied the linear electro-optic effect of chiral topological semimetal RhSi which is characterized by high-fold chiral fermions separated in energy space. We identify that the general second order conductivity (formula presented) includes a real symmetric component and an imaginary antisymmetric component, which are from the inter-band shift and intra-band injection current with frequency ω, respectively. The (formula presented) is significantly enhanced by the high electron velocity and nontrivial band topology of chiral fermion, and modifies the phase velocity of light wave. We also predict that the electro-optic coefficient (formula presented) of chiral crystal RhSi is about 7000 pm/V at photon energy 0.01 eV and 1.1 eV, which is about 200 times that of widely used LiNbO3 crystal. The giant electro-optic coefficient renders a relatively low half-wave voltage in order of hundreds volt, and demonstrates potential application as electro-optic crystals for the wavelength in the second telecom window of optical fiber communications. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Optical fibers

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A Multi-Objective Optimization Model for simulation-based Acquisition

A Multi-Objective Optimization Model for Simulation-based Ac...

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Symposium of Image, Signal Processing, and Artificial Vision (STSIVA)

作者： Xue Zhang Junjie Xue Junhua Zhou Guoqiang Shi Yan Yu School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing China Beijing Complex Product Advanced Manufacturing Engineering Research Center Beijing Simulation Center Beijing China State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing System Technology Beijing Institute of Electronic System Engineering Beijing China Science and Technology on Space System Simulation Laboratory Beijing Simulation Center Beijing China

ISBN: (数字)9781728170862

ISBN: (纸本)9781728170879

Large-scale equipment presents the characteristics of technology-intensive, knowledge-intensive and complex, which brings high investment and high risk to equipment acquisition. This paper analyzes the various components of equipment acquisition to fully apply modeling and simulation technology to each stage of it. On the basis of multi-objective optimization theory, the objective function of the lowest risk and lowest cost of simulation-based acquisition (SBA) is proposed. Then establishing a multi-objective optimization model for simulation-based acquisition according to the corresponding constraints. The nondominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA II) and multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) algorithms are used to optimize the model, and the majority voting method is used for integration. The comparison of simulation examples proves that the multi-objective optimization model oriented to SBA designed in this paper can effectively realize the optimization of each objective of SBA under cost constraints. And the feasibility and efficiency of optimization solution are guaranteed.

关键词： Analytical models Linear programming Reliability Particle swarm optimization Optimization Sorting Investment

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Effect of Pt-Al coating on the fatigue behavior of the single-crystal superalloy at different temperatures

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Journal of Alloys and Compounds 2025年 1035卷

作者： Wang, Jiawei Bao, Zebin Li, Shuai Pang, Xiaolu Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment Digital Design and Process Simulation Hebei Province Tangshan University Tangshan063000 China Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing100083 China Shi-Changxu Innovation Center for Advanced Materials Institute of Metal Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang110016 China Institute of Materials Intelligent Technology Liaoning Academy of Materials Shenyang110004 China

This study investigated the effect of Pt-Al coating on the fatigue behavior of a second-generation single-crystal superalloy (DD5) at different temperatures. The Pt-Al bond coat was deposited on the superalloy, and rotating-bend fatigue tests were conducted at 700 ℃ and 900 ℃. The results showed that the bond coat did not affect the fatigue life at 900 ℃ but improved the fatigue strength at 700 ℃ under low-stress amplitude. However, at high-stress amplitude, the bond coat reduced the fatigue performance at 700 ℃. The fracture morphologies and cross-sectional microstructure were characterized to understand the fatigue crack initiation and propagation mechanisms. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Aluminum coatings

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Ozonation as an efficient pretreatment method to alleviate reverse osmosis membrane fouling caused by complexes of humic acid and calcium ion

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Frontiers of Environmental science & Engineering 2019年第4期13卷 89-100页

作者： Xuehao Zhao Yinhu Wu Xue Zhang Xin Tong Tong Yu Yunhong Wang Nozomu Ikuno Kazuki Ishii Hongying Hu Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC)School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Nuclear Energy Technology Institute of Nuclear and New Energy TechnologyTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Kurita Water Industries Ltd. Nakano-kuTokyo 164-0001Japan Shenzhen Environmental Science and New Energy Technology Engineering Laboratory Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen InstituteShenzhen 518055China

Humic acid has been considered as one of the most significant sources in feed water causing organic fouling of reverse osmosis (RO) membranes, but the relationship between the fouling behavior of humic acid and the change of its molecular structure has not been well developed yet. In this study, the RO membrane fouling behavior of humic acid was studied systematically with ozonation as a pretreatment method to control RO membrane fouling. Furthermore, the effect of ozone on the structure ofhumic acid was also explored to reveal the mechanisms. Humic acid alone (10-90 mg/L, in deionized water) was found not to cause obvious RO membrane fouling in 45-h operation. However, the presence of Ca^2+ aggravated significantly the RO membrane fouling caused by humic acid, with significant flux reduction and denser fouling layer on RO membrane, as it was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM). However, after the pretreatment by ozone, the influence of Ca^2+ was almost eliminated. Further analysis revealed that the addition of Ca^2+ increased the particle size of humic acid solution significantly, while ozonation reduced the SUVA254, particle size and molecular weight of the complexes of humic acid and Ca^2+(HA-Ca^2+ complexes). According to these results and literature, the bridge effect of Ca^2+ aggregating humic acid molecules and the cleavage effect of ozone breaking HA-Ca^2+ complexes were summarized. The change of the structure of humic acid under the effect of Ca^2+ and ozone is closely related to the change of its membrane fouling behavior.

关键词： Reverse osmosis Membrane fouling Humic acid Ca^2+ Ozone

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Monitoring of sugarcane crop based on time series of sentinel-1 data

Monitoring of sugarcane crop based on time series of sentine...

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2019 SAR in Big Data Era, BIGSARDATA 2019

作者： Li, HongZhong Yuan, Xing Han, Yu Chen, JinSong Chen, XiaoNing Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Land Resources Monitoring and Simulation Ministry of Land and Resources Shenzhen China CAS Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology Shenzhen China College of Geomatics Xian University of Science and Technology Xi'an China

ISBN: (纸本)9781728126531

Monitoring the spatial pattern and growth of sugarcane timely and accurately is of great importance at regional and global scales. In this paper, the focus was on sugarcane identification in Southern China with FuSui country as the study area. Classification was based on sentinel-1 different polarizations and sugarcane phenology. In order to explore the optimum periods and polar metric characters, time series of C-band dual polarization sentinel-1 data in 2017 totally 130 images were collected over the whole sugarcane growth season. Then the growth curve was built based on the former exploration. After that, there was a following analysis by combining growth curve and polarimetric characters of sugarcane, which contributes to setting attribute to identity. At last, the advanced rules were built to identify sugarcane according to growth curve above and subordinating degree function. Sugarcane extraction accuracy was verified by numerous ground data. The conclusions are as follows: (1)The results of this study show the importance of using C-band muti-temporal dual polarization data on crop identification especially for sugarcane comparing with traditional optical data. In other words, it's crucial for crop identification to extract the backscattering coefficient. When combining with a part of samples, the curve of crop growth used for classification can be portrayed. To deepen the difference between sugarcane and other typical features, additional three kinds of reference object like eucalyptus, water and buildings, all of which distributes in the experimental area, with an extensive representation. (2)The analysis of polarimetric characters has shown that the inherent SAR backscatter feature VH is superior in classification accuracy to the VV, which achieved an accuracy of 88.07%. During the stage of seedling and tillering, the amplitude from sugarcane is higher than that in other objects, proving the advantage of VV in sugarcane identification. On the contrary, the

关键词： Time series

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Modeling of service correlation for service composition in cloud manufacturing 31

Modeling of service correlation for service composition in c...

引用

31st European Modeling and simulation Symposium, EMSS 2019

作者： Wang, Fei Laili, Yuanjun Zhang, Lin Xing, Chi Guo, Liqin School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering Beihang University China Beijing Complex Product Advanced Manufacturing Engineering Research Center Beijing Simulation Center China State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing System Technology Beijing Institute of Electronic System Engineering Beijing Simulation Center China Science and Technology on Space System Simulation Laboratory Beijing Simulation Center China

ISBN: (纸本)9788885741263

Cloud manufacturing (CMfg), integrating distributed manufacturing resources as services to cloud center, aims at intelligent, green, and economic customized manufacturing. The optimal composition of services to fulfill particular manufacturing requirement is a core issue to realize efficient cloud manufacturing. Many researchers have studied the problem considering the Quality-of-Service (QoS) of independent services. However, the correlation between services is rarely considered. In this paper, the importance of service correlation is emphasized. Two kinds of service correlation, service exclusion and service collaboration, are modeled for service composition. An improved algorithm DET, which combines Differential Evolution Algorithm (DE) with a Tabu table based on service exclusive and collaborative relationships, is designed to filter composable services and find better solutions for complex tasks. Experiments have shown the effects of service correlation on the quality of composed services and demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed method DET compared with traditional DE. © 2019 Dime Universita di Genova, DIMEG University of Calabria.

关键词： Quality of service

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One-proton emission from 148−151Lu in the DRHBc+WKB approach

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Xiao, Yang Xu, Si-Zhe Zheng, Ru-You Sun, Xiang-Xiang Geng, Li-Sheng Zhang, Shi-Sheng School of Space and Environment Beihang University Beijing102206 China School of Physics Beihang University Beijing102206 China Institut für Kernphysik Institute for Advanced Simulation Jülich Center for Hadron Physics Forschungszentrum Jülich JülichD-52425 Germany School of Nuclear Science and Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China Peng Huanwu Collaborative Center for Research and Education Beihang University Beijing100191 China Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Nuclear Materials and Physics Beihang University Beijing102206 China Institute of Modern Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangdong Province Huizhou516000 China

One-proton radioactivity in 149Lu, the latest identified proton emitter, is studied in the Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin (WKB) approach with the proton-nucleus potential extracted from the deformed relativistic Hartree-Bogoliubov theory in continuum (DRHBc) for the first time. The predicted half-life turns out to be consistent with the experimental measurement within uncertainties and (almost) independent of the density functionals in the DRHBc theory. Such a microscopic self-consistent calculation reveals that 149Lu is oblately deformed with a quadrupole deformation β2 ≈ −0.18, and rules out the possibility of a prolate quadrupole deformation suggested in the nonadiabatic quasiparticle model. We also check the validity of this approach in the description of 150,151Lu and their isomeric states. The deviations of the predicted half-lives from their experimental counterparts are mostly smaller than those of the theoretical studies without considering deformation effects. Furthermore, we predict 148Lu to be a more oblately deformed proton-emitter with a longer half-life than that of 149Lu, which can be checked in the future. Our studies show that the DRHBc + WKB approach provides a new alternative method to evaluate the half-lives of well-deformed proton emitters. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Uncertainty analysis

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Precise Synthesis of Dual-Single-Atom Electrocatalysts through Pre-Coordination-Directed in Situ Confinement for CO2Reduction

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Angewandte Chemie 2024年第3期137卷

作者： Peng Rao Xingqi Han Haochen Sun Fangyuan Wang Ying Liang Jing Li Daoxiong Wu Xiaodong Shi Zhenye Kang Zhengpei Miao Peilin Deng Xinlong Tian School of Marine Science and Engineering Hainan University Haikou 570228 China State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials/Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology/Institute of Functional Materials/Center for Civil Aviation Composites College of Materials Science and Engineering Donghua University Shanghai 201620 China

Dual-single-atom catalysts (DSACs) are the next paradigm shift in single-atom catalysts because of the enhanced performance brought about by the synergistic effects between adjacent bimetallic pairs. However, there are few methods for synthesizing DSACs with precise bimetallic structures. Herein, a pre-coordination strategy is proposed to precisely synthesize a library of DSACs. This strategy ensures the selective and effective coordination of two metals via phthalocyanines with specific coordination sites, such as −F− and −OH−. Subsequently, in situ confinement inhibits the migration of metal pairs during high-temperature pyrolysis, and obtains the DSACs with precisely constructed metal pairs. Despite changing synthetic parameters, including transition metal centers, metal pairs, and spatial geometry, the products exhibit similar atomic metal pairs dispersion properties, demonstrating the universality of the strategy. The pre-coordination strategy synthesized DSACs shows significant CO 2 reduction reaction performance in both flow-cell and practical rechargeable Zn-CO 2 batteries. This work not only provides new insights into the precise synthesis of DSACs, but also offers guidelines for the accelerated discovery of efficient catalysts.

关键词： Dual-single-atom catalysts bimetallic pairs pre-coordination strategy CO2 reduction reaction synergistic effects

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