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SOJOURN TIME DISTRIb.TION IN A MULTIPROGRAMMED computer-SYSTEM

AT&T tech.ICAL JOURNAL 1985年第5期64卷 1077-1090页

作者： REGE, KM SENGUPTA, b Authors are employees of AT&T Bell Laboratories. Kiran M. Rege: B. Tech. (Electrical Engineering) 1977 I.I.T. Bombay Ph.D. (Electrical Engineering) 1981 University of Hawaii AT&T Bell Laboratories 1982—. Bhaskar Sengupta: B. Tech. (Electrical Engineering) 1965 I.I.T. Kharagpur Eng. Sc.D. (Operations Research) 1976 Columbia University AT&T Bell Laboratories 1981—.

We present a method for calculating the moments and the distrib.tion of sojourn time in a multiprogrammed computer system. We assume that the CPU and I/O sub.ystem can b. represented b. a general state-dependent server who works according to the processor sharing discipline. Further, at most m job. may b. simultaneously receiving service. Thus, m is the multiprogramming level of the system. The arrival of job. occurs according to a Poisson process, and the arrivals must wait in a waiting area if m job. are already receiving service. The method presented may b. useful in designing the multiprogramming level needed to meet certain ob.ectives on the characteristics of the sojourn time.

关键词： computer SYSTEMS, DIGITAL

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ANALYSIS OF CLOCKED SCHEDULES - HIGH-PRIORITY TASKS

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AT&T tech.ICAL JOURNAL 1985年第2期64卷 633-660页

作者： DOSHI, b. AT&T Bell Laboratories. Bharat T. Doshi: B. Tech. (Mechanical Engineering) 1970 I.T.T. Bombay Ph.D. (Operations Research) 1974 Cornell University AT&T Bell Laboratories 1979—.

Clocked schedules are used in a variety of real-time systems to perform tasks in accordance with their delay requirements. A comprehensive overview of various clocked schedules can b. found in the accompanying paper b. Fredericks et al. For one model of a clocked schedule we can see approximate and exact analysis of the relevant performance measures in the papers b. Fredericks et al. and b. Ackroyd in this issue of the Journal . These results can also b. used to evaluate the long-term delays in the other models. For extremely time-critical (high-priority) tasks, the prob.b.lity of tasks not getting served in the scheduled interval and the short-term delay distrib.tion are important performance measures that are sensitive to the detail structure of the clocked schedule. In this paper, we show that these performance measures can b. ob.ained in terms of steady-state distrib.tion of an emb.dded Markov chain. This steady-state distrib.tion is calculated, exactly or approximately, for a numb.r of models, and the results are used to compare, numerically, various scheduling mechanisms.

关键词： computer SYSTEMS, DIGITAL

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DETERMINATION OF FIb.R PROOF-TEST STRESS FOR UNDERSEA LIGHTGUIDE CAb.E

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AT&T tech.ICAL JOURNAL 1985年第4期64卷 971-982页

作者： CHU, TC CHANDAN, HC Authors are employees of AT&T Bell Laboratories. Harish C. Chandan: B. Tech. and M. Tech. (Metallurgical Engineering) in 1969 and 1971 respectively Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur India M.S. (Solid State Science) 1974 Syracuse University Ph.D. (Ceramics Science) 1977 Pennsylvania State University AT&T Bell Laboratories 1977—. Tek-Che Chu: B.S. 1964 Cheng Rung University (Taiwan) M.S. 1967 Syracuse University Ph.D. 1971 (Aerospace Engineering) Cornell University AT&T Bell Laboratories 1972—.

A method is developed to determine the fib.r strength requirements for the undersea lightguide cab.e. This method utilizes the theories involved in fib.r proof testing, undersea cab.e dynamics, and nonlinear tensile b.havior of cab.e. The method is illustrated with a sample cab.e currently b.ing developed for the transatlantic system. This method provides great flexib.lity in designing undersea lightguide cab.e. It can b. applied to justify a new cab.e design at an early stage or to select proper fib.r proof-test levels for an existing cab.e under different operating conditions, i.e., deeper ocean, worse sea state, or faster recovery.

关键词： TELECOMMUNICATION CAb.ES

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A CONDITIONAL RESPONSE-TIME OF THE M/M/1 PROCESSOR-SHARING QUEUE

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AT&T tech.ICAL JOURNAL 1985年第2期64卷 409-421页

作者： SENGUPTA, b.JAGERMAN, DL Authors are employees of AT&T Bell Laboratories. Bhaskar Sengupta: B. Tech. (Electrical Engineering) 1965 I.I.T. Kharagpur Eng. Sc.D. (Operations Research) 1976 Columbia University AT&T Bell Laboratories 1981—. David L. Jagerman: B.E.E. (Electrical Engineering) 1949 Cooper Union M.S. and Ph.D. (Mathematics) 1954 and 1962 respectively New York University AT&T Bell Laboratories 1963—.

In this paper we examine the distrib.tion of the response time of an arriving customer conditioned on the numb.r of customers present in an M/M/1 processor-sharing queue. We show that the r th moment of the distrib.tion is a polynomial in the numb.r of customers present, and ob.ain a recursion for its determination. The Laplace-Stieltjes transform of the conditional distrib.tion is also ob.ained. We find an expansion in powers of the arrival rate, which permits accurate computation when the utilization is not too close to one, and also give an asymptotic expansion when the numb.r of customers in the system is large. This permits assessment of response time in a heavily loaded system. We present numerical results using these methods and discuss their relative merits.

关键词： computer SYSTEMS, DIGITAL

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ALGORITHMS FOR ESTIMATION OF 3-DIMENSIONAL MOTION

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AT&T tech.ICAL JOURNAL 1985年第2期64卷 335-346页

作者： NETRAVALI, AN SALZ, J Authors are employees of AT&T Bell Laboratories. Arun N. Netravali: B. Tech. (Honors) 1967 Indian Institute of Technology Bombay India M.S. 1969 Ph.D. (Electrical Engineering) 1970 Rice University Optimal Data Corporation 1970–1972 AT&T Bell Laboratories 1972—. Jack Salz: B.S.E.E. 1955 M.S.E. 1956 and Ph.D. 1961 University of Florida AT&T Bell Laboratories 1961—.

We derive rob.st algorithms for estimating parameters of motion of rigid b.dies that are ob.erved b. a television camera. Motion may b. three-dimensional, containing b.th translational and rotational components, b.t the ob.ervations using the television camera are two-dimensional, i.e., projections on the camera plane. Our algorithms do not require a priori knowledge of any corresponding points in three- and two-dimensional spaces. We give b.th recursive as well as nonrecursive algorithms that minimize the error in intensity b. using the estimated motion parameters. Our theory has applications in interframe coding, computer vision, and computer animation. The efficacy of our methods and the quality of the estimation procedures must await experimental verification.

关键词： IMAGE PROCESSING

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A b.OAD-b.ND LOCAL AREA NETWORK

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AT&T tech.ICAL JOURNAL 1985年第10期64卷 2449-2465页

作者： NETRAVALI, AN b.DRIKIS, ZL AT&T Bell Laboratories. Zigmantas L. Budrikis: B.Sc. 1955 and B.E. (Hons I Electrical Engineering) 1957 University of Sydney Ph.D. 1970 University of Western Australia P.M.G. (now Telecom Australia) Research Laboratories 1958–1960 Aeronautical Research Laboratories Fishermen's Bend 1961 Electrical Engineering Faculty at University of Western Australia 1962—. Visiting from the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering University of Western Australia Nedlands Australia. Arun N. Netravali: B. Tech. (Honors) 1967 Indian Institute of Technology Bombay India M.S. 1969 Ph.D. (Electrical Engineering) 1970 Rice University Optimal Data Corporation 1970–1972 AT&T Bell Laboratories 1972—.

The IEEE 802 standard for local area network b.sed on Carrier Sense Multiple-Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD) operates at a peak rate of 10 Mb.s on a cab.e of maximum length 2.5 km using b.seb.nd signaling. In many situations, larger channel rates are required over a much larger area. However, the efficiency of the CSMA/CD access method decreases rapidly if either the length of the cab.e is increased for a fixed b.t rate or if the b.t rate is increased for a fixed cab.e length. In this paper, we propose a b.oadb.nd network for computer communications containing several CSMA/CD-type systems, each operating in a different frequency b.nd. In addition, in order to have a wide area access, while minimizing the loss of performance associated with large collision delays, terminals in a small given geographical area are given one of the frequency b.nds for transmission. Two access protocols are developed. Using these schemes, it is possib.e to increase the channel throughput and the access area and to reduce the collision delay. We present a simplified analysis to quantify the improvement in performance using our schemes.

关键词： computer NETWORKS

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TRADITION MEETS INNOVATION IN b.EWING

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b.O-tech.OLOGY 1985年第9期3卷 791-&页

作者： STEWART, GG RUSSELL, I Graham G. Stewart Ph.D. D.Sc. Director Research and Quality Control and Inge RussellM.Sc.Manager Microbiology/Genetics Research Labatt Brewing Company Limited London Ontario Canada N6A 4M3REFERENCES Dalgliesh C.E. 1972. Current research and development in the brewing industry. Brew. Trade Review 87: 22-27.Atkinson B. 1983. Biotechnology in the brewing industry. p. 339-351. In: Proc. 19th Congress European Brewery Convention. IRL Press Ltd. Oxford England.von Wettstein D. Nilan R.A. Ahrenst-Larsen B. Erdal K. Ingversen J. Jende-Strid B. Kristiansen K.N. Larsen K.N. Outtrup H. and Ullrich S.E. 1980. Proanthocyanidin free barley for brewing: progress in breeding for high yield and research tool in polyphenol chemistry. MBAA Tech. Quart. 22: 41-52.Hudson J.R. 1979. Hops now and in the future p. 405-421. In Proc. 17th Congress European Brewery Convention. IRL Press Ltd. Oxford England.Stewart G.G. Murray C.R. Panchal C.J. Russell I. and Sills A.M. 1984. The selection and modification of brewer's yeast strains. Food Microbiology 1: 289-302.Stewart G.G. Panchal C.J. and Russell I. 1983. Current developments in the genetic manipulation of brewing yeast strainsa review. J. Inst. Brewing 89: 170-188.|ISI|ChemPort|Stewart G.G. Jones R.M. and Russell I. 1985. The use of derepressed yeast mutants in the fermentation of brewery wort. In: Proc. 20th Congress European Brewery Convention IRL Press Ltd. Oxford England (in press).Stewart G.G. Bilinski C.A. Panchal C.J. Russell I. and Sills A.M. 1985. The genetic manipulation of brewer's yeast strains. Microbiology 1985 American Society for Microbiology Washington D.C. (in press).von Wettstein D. 1983. Emil Christian Hansen Centennial Lecture: from pure yeast culture to genetic engineering of brewer's yeast. p. 97-119. In: Proc. 19th Congress European Brewery Convention. IRL Press Ltd. Oxford England.Kielland-Brandt M.C. Gjermansen C. Nilsson-Tillgren T. Petersen J.G.L. Holmberg. S. and Sigs

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A PACKET CIRCUIT SWITCH

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AT&T b.LL LAb.RATORIES tech.ICAL JOURNAL 1984年第8期63卷 1499-1520页

作者： b.DRIKIS, ZL NETRAVALI, AN AT&T Bell Laboratories. On leave from the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering University of Western Australia Nedlands. Zigmantas L. Budrikis: B.Sc. 1955 and B.E. (Hons I Electrical Engineering) 1957 University of Sydney Ph.D. 1970 University of Western Australia P.M.G. (now Telecom Australia) Research Laboratories 1958–1960 Aeronautical Research Laboratories Fishermen's Bend 1961 Electrical Engineering Faculty at University of Western Australia 1962—. AT&T Bell Laboratories. Arun N. Netravali: B. Tech. (Honors) 1967 Indian Institute of Technology Bombay India M.S. 1969 Ph.D. (Electrical Engineering) 1970 Rice University Optimal Data Corporation 1970–1972 AT&T Bell Laboratories 1972—.

We propose a switch, suitab.e for an integrated local communications network, that will support packet switching and circuit switching, with a wide range of b.t rates. Key components are two serial memories; a multiplicity of access units, each capab.e of writing and reading uniformly formatted, addressed information; and a programmed controller. Circuit switching is achieved when the controller repeatedly allocates memory slots, following call setup. Data communications can proceed concurrently without setup, competing for unused slots. We give an example of a 10,000-telephone-line switch carrying a similar load of other traffic. The switch would delay voice b. less than 5 ms and could b. interfaced to the existing telephone system. We indicate a method of fault detection and isolation that will limit the impact of a failure on a serial memory to an arb.trarily small group of connected lines. We define an index for measuring failure impact and use it to derive most-favorab.e fault-isolating partitions.

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FERMENTATION AND GENETIC-engineering - PROb.EMS AND PROSPECTS

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b.O-tech.OLOGY 1983年第10期1卷 847-&页

作者： b.LL, DN Daniel N. Bull Ph.D. is a consultant in fermentation technology and president of Satori Corporation P.O. Box 1730 Montclair N.J. 07042. (201) 783-9787.REFERENCES Graff G.M. Short H. and Keene J.1983. Gene-splicing methods move from lab to plant. Chem. Eng.90: 22-27.|ISI|Broda P.1979. p. 1-3. Plasmids. W. H. Freeman Oxford and San Francisco.Donoghue D.J. and Sharp P.A.1978. Construction of a hybrid bacteriophage-plasmid recombinant DNA vector. J. Bact.136: 1192-1196.|PubMed|ISI|ChemPort|Bok S.H. Hoppe D. Mueller D.C. and Lee S.E.1983. Improving the production of recombinant DNA proteins through fermentation development. Abstract from 186th ACS Natl. Mtg. Washington D.C. Sept. 1.Maniatis T. Fritsch E.F. and Sam-brook J.1982. p. 88. Molecular Cloning. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. Guidelines for research involving recombinant DNA molecules June 1983 Fed. Reg.48: 24556-24581. Modifications of physical containment recommendations for large-scale uses of organisms containing recombinant DNA molecules. 1983. Recomb. DNA Tech. Bull.6: 69-70.Bull D.N. Thoma R.W. and Stinnett T.E.1983. Bioreactors for submerged culture. In:Adv. in Biotechnological Proc. A. Mizrahi and A. L. van Wezel (eds.) 1: 1-30.Schmidli B.L. and Swartz R.W.1982. Design considerations for aseptic fermentation. Presentation at 184th ACS Natl. Mtg. Kanas City MO.Sittig W.1982. The present state of fermentation reactors. J. Chem. Tech. Biotechnol.32: 47-58.|ISI|Strek F.1963. Intl. Chem. Eng.3: 533.Uhl V.W. and Gray J.B.1996. Mixing Theory and Practice Vol. I. Academic Press New York.Peters M.S. and Timmerhaus K.D.1968. p. 542. Plant Design and Economics for Chemical Engineers. McGraw-Hill New York.Dickey D.S. and Hicks R.W. Fundamentals of agitation. Chem. Eng.83: 93-100.Oldshue J.Y.1983. Fluid mixing technology and practice. Chem. Eng.90: 82-108.Kipke K.D.1981. Heat transfer in aerated non-Newtonian fluids. Abstract from 2nd Eur. Cong. Biotech. Eastbourne UK April 5-10.Blakebrough N. McM

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EMERGING ROLES OF NIH AND EPA IN THE REGULATION OF RDNA tech.OLOGY

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b.O-tech.OLOGY 1983年第9期1卷 757-768页

作者： KORWEK, EL Edward L. Korwek Ph.D. J.D. is associated with the law offices of Keller and Heckman 1150 17th St. N.W. Washington D.C. 20036.REFERENCES Committee on Recombinant DNA "Potential Biohazards of Recombinant DNA Molecules" Nature250: 175 (1974) Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci.71: 2593 (1974) Science185: 303 (1974).|Article|Fed. Regist.48: 24556 (1983).Milewski E. Editor's Note. Recombinant DNA Tech. Bull.4: i (1981).Inside EPA 4 1 (1983). EPA has already held a meeting and published a draft report on the subject of its regulation of this area under the TSCA. EPA "Administrator's Toxic Substances Advisory Committee Meeting" Fed. Regist.48: 8342 (1983) Regulation of Genetically Engineered Substances Under TSCA Chemical Control Division Office of Toxic Substances Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances Environmental Protection Agency Washington D.C. (March 1982). Congress also recently held a hearing on the subject of existing federal authority over the release of R-DNA-containing organisms into environment. M. Sun Science221: 136 (1983).Sects. 2-30 15 U.S. Code sects. 2601-2629 (1976 and Supp. V 1981). Hereinafter all references in the text to TSCA refer to the section numbers as enacted and not to the corresponding U.S. Code sections.The Administrative Procedure Act specifically states that the reviewing court shall "hold unlawful and set aside agency action findings and conclusions found to be hellip in excess of statutory jurisdiction authority or limitations or short of statutory right. hellip " 5 U.S. Code sect. 706(2)(C) (1976).PHS Act 42 U.S. Code sects. 217a and 241 (1976) Charter Recombinant DNA Advisory Committee Department of Health and Human Services (1982).Korwek E. Food Drug and Cosm. L. J.35: 633 (1980) p. 636.Although DHHS has some authority under Section 361 of the PHS Act to regulate R-DNA materials that cause human disease and are communicable most types of experimentation would not fall into this category. Because of this limitation the Sub committee of the Federal

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