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IsO certification and the Department of Defense

NAVAL ENGINEERs JOURNAL 1997年第5期109卷 77-81页

作者： scott, H Kuehn, RG P.E. Howard Scott RE. (B.S.I.E. M.B.A. M.S.E.):has worked in the steel industry proprietary confectionery businesses and the food industry. He has worked as an industrial engineer supervisor of industrial engineering corporate staff engineer and a production manager. Since his return to the Naval Surface Warfare Center Crane Division he has worked as a computer systems analyst project engineer project manager and branch manager. He also teaches evening college classes. Randy G. Kuehn:has a B.S. degree in electrical engineering. Since 1970 he has held numerous positions at the Naval Surface Warfare Center involving engineering management and supervision. He has been project engineer and in service engineering agent on complex electronic systems and directed the development of design changes and maintenance programs on these systems. He has also served on Navy review teams overseeing and directing contractor production and development projects.

The leaders of the United states Government are advocating a new way of doing b.s.ness, because the Department of Defense (DoD) budget has been declining since the Reagan administration. With this decline comes the realization that private industry and the government can no longer afford the detailed government funded standards and related management bureaucracy. The value added by these standards is not visible to the higher-levels of the DoD. In an economy that is turning global, an international (non-governmental sponsored) standard such as IsO 9000 (IsO) has high appeal. IsO does not do away with standards, it is one. IsO provides uniformity and standardization via training of registrars, certification of processes, and periodic audits. A more consistent set of audit findings allows managers to focus on product and functional issues. The Coast Guard Yard at baltimore, Maryland and the Naval surface Warfare Center Carderock Division are already certified and the Naval surface Warfare Center Crane Division is now joining them. The lessons learned are: know the registrar, plan, work the plan, and learn from others. Most of all, get management support at all levels.

关键词： Military engineering

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Hot methanol extraction for the analysis of volatile organic chemicals in subsurface core samples from Dover Air Force b.s., Delaware

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GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION 1997年第1期17卷 104-121页

作者： ball, WP Xia, G Durfee, DP Wilson, RD brown, MJ Mackay, DM William P. Ball is an assistant professor in the Department of Geography and environmental engineering at Johns Hopkins University (313 Ames Hall 3400 N. Charles St. Baltimore MD 21218). His research interests are in the physical and chemical processes that control contaminant fate in aqueous systems both in the natural environment and in engineered processes of treatment and remediation. Recent work has included both laboratory and computer modeling studies related to contaminant fate and transport in subsurface environments. Ball holds M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in environmental engineering and science from Stanford University and a B.S. degree in civil engineering from the University of Virginia. He is a registered pro-fessional engineer in the state of Virginia. Guoshou Xia is a Ph.D. candidate at Johns Hopkins University He was previously a lecturer in the Department of Civil Engineering at Southeast University in China. He received his B.S. degree in chemistry from Hefei University and his M.S. degree in environmental engineering from East China University of Chemical Technology. His current research interests are in the area ofsubsurface contaminant transport with emphasis on better understanding the nature of organic contaminant interactions with subsurface solids. Donald P. Durfee received his M.S. degree in environmental engineering from Johns Hopkins University in 1993 and is currently a Ph.D. student at Johns Hopkins. He is studying contaminant fate and transport in the subsurface and is also interested in site characterization and remediation issues. Ryan D. Wilson is a research associate and Ph.D. student in the Department of Earth Sciences at the University of Waterloo Waterloo Ontario. His research interests include field and modeling studies of semipassive remediation technologies and the behavior of gaseous tracers. Wilson received his B.Sc. in geology from the University of Alberta in 1987 and his M.Sc. in earth sciences (hydrogeology) from the University of Waterloo in 1993. Michael J. Br

The evaluation of contaminant concentrations in ground water and soil is an essential aspect of most hazardous waste remedial investigations. This paper describ.s.methods applied toward obtaining, preserving, and analyzing subsurface samples for the determination of VOC concentrations in the saturated region of an unconfined coastal plain aquifer at Dover Air Force b.s. (DAFb), Delaware. The described protocol involved headspace-free subsampling of cores, field preservation of subsamples in methanol, and overnight extraction of the VOCs at elevated temperature (70 degrees C). Methanol-extracted compounds were subsequently transferred to hexane and analyzed by gas chromatography. The method was found to achieve quantitative extraction from the aquifer sands in a single step, although extraction from fine-grained and more strongly sorbing aquitard samples required multiple methanol extractions to achieve comparable recovery. An extensive set of DAFb results is presented as an indication of how these methods can be applied toward characterizing field-scale contamination with a high degree of resolution and accuracy. These data have enabled a quantitative estimate of the contaminant distribution at this site and offer valuable insight into processes of contaminant migration into the underlying aquitard. In these regards, the methods used are believed to have provided much more accurate results than could have been obtained using more commonly applied techniques.

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Operational systems, logistics engineering and technology insertion

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NAVAL ENGINEERs JOURNAL 1997年第3期109卷 205-220页

作者： Grubb, MJ skolnick, A Michael J. Grubb:has perfomzed naval engineering at the Crane Division Naval Surface Warfare Center (NSWC) for more than twenty-five years. He currently the program manager for the Sustainable Hardware and Affordable Readiness Practice Program (SHARP). is a Navy-wide logistics research and development prgram aimed at the successful transiton of proved technologies inot the fleet. SHARP focuses on reducing acquisition performance capability reliability maintainability and readiness of these systems. Mr. Grubb has served as a department director for the past eleven years. His most recent assignment was as director of the Tactical Computer Resources and Test Equipment Department. This organization provided acquisition and in-service engineering support of the Navy's tectical embedded computers priphirals displays and mass memory storage devices. The organization also provided a complete range of product engineering and metrology engineerig services for SSP NevSeaSysCom and the Trident Program. Prior to this appointment Mr. Grubb was deptuy director psysical security programs department and site responsible for program management and system integration of ashore integrated security systems. Mr. Grubb holds a B.S. degree in industrial engineering from Iowa State Universtiy an M.S. degree in industrial engineering from Purdue University and has copleted the course work (Dec.'96 for a master's degree in public and environment affairs at Indiana University-Purdue Univeristy Indianapolis. Dr. Alfred Skolnick operates System Science Consultants (SSC) specilizing in strategic planning technical program definiton technology assessment and engineering analyses on selected matters of national interest. He has taught physics mathematics and management sciences at University of Virginia and Marymount University and is currently adjunct professor of mathematics at Northern Virginia Community College. Form 1985 to 1989 he was president of the American Society of Noval Engineers. Dr. Skolnick served at Applied Physic

In an era of fiscal austerity, downsizing and unforgiving pressure upon human and economic capital, it is an Augean task to identify resources for fresh and creative work. The realities of the day and the practical demands of more immediate fleet needs can often dictate higher priorities. Yet, the Navy must avoid eating its seed corn. Exercising both technical insight and management foresight, the fleet, the R&D community, the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations (OpNav) and the product engineering expertise of the Naval surface Warfare Center (NsWC) are joined and underway with integrated efforts to marry new, fully demonstrated technologies and operational urgencies. Defense funding today cannot sponsor all work that can be mission-justified over the long term because budgets are insufficient to support product maturation within the classical development cycle. However, by rigorous technical filtering and astute engineering of both marketplace capabilities and currently available components, it is possible in a few select cases to compress and, in effect, integrate advanced development (6.3), engineering development (6.4), weapon procurement (WPN), ship construction (sCN), operation and maintenance (O&M,N) budgetary categories when fleet criticalities and technology opportunities can happily meet. In short, 6.3 funds can be applied directly to ''ripe gateways'' so modern technology is inserted into existing troubled or aging systems, sidestepping the lengthy, traditional development cycle and accelerating practical payoffs to recurrent fleet problems. To produce such constructive results has required a remarkable convergence of sponsor prescience and engineering workforce excellence. The paper describ.s. extensively, the philosophy of approach, transition strategy, polling of fleet needs, technology assessment, and management team requirements. The process for culling and selecting specific candidate tasks for sHARP sponsorship (matching operational need with t

关键词： Naval vessels

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shipboard controls of the future

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Naval Engineers Journal 1997年第3期109卷 143-153页

作者： Amy Jr., J.V. Doerry, N.H. McCoy, T.J. Zivi, E.L. Udr. John V. Amy Jr.:USN graduated from the United States Naval Academy with a B.S.E.E. degree in 1983 and then served as antisubmarine warfare officer on USS Boone (FFG 28). He then reported to M.I.T where he earned an S. M. E. E. C.S. degree Naval Engineer degree and a Ph.D. in naval electric power systems. An engineering duty oficez he was assistant project officer for aircraft carrier overhaul at Supervisw of Shipbuilding Conversion and Repail: USN Newport Nms Virginia assigned to the refueling complex overhaul of USS Enterprise (CVN 65) and her subsequent post-shakedown avail-ability. Presently he is the deputy program manager for the Integrated Power System (IPS) Program at the Naval Sea systems command. Udr. Norbert H. Doerry USN:graduated from the United States Naval Academy with a B.S.E.E. degree in 1983 and then served as gunnery and fire control officer on USS Deyo (DD 989). He then reported to M.I.T where he earned a S.M.E.E.C.S. degree Naval Engineer degree and a Ph.D. in naval electrical power systems. An engineering duty officer he was assigned to the Advanced Surfme Machinery Programs for the development athe Integrated Power System from 1992 to 1995. Presently he is assistant project officer for aircrafi carrier construction at Supervisor of Shipbuilding Conversion and Repair: USN Newport News Virginia. LCdr. Timothy J. McCoy USN:graduated from the Univer-sity of Illinois with a B.S. degree in marine engineering in 1982. He was cmnmissirmed in 1985 and served as jrst lieuten-ant and communications officer on USS John Young (DD 973). He then was assigned to Supervisor of Shipbuilding Conversion and Repair USN San Diego California as repair ship superin-tendent repair project manager and new construction ship superintendent. Subsequently he attended M.I.T earning a S.M.E.E.C.S. degree Naval Engineer degree and a Ph.D. in naval engineering. Presently he is assigned to Naval Surface Warfare Center Carderock Division Annapolis Detachment where he works as the technical manager f

Recent advances in computer networking and control system technologies present an opportunity to improve the capability of naval shipboard control systems. Most existing digital machinery control systems merely replace one-for-one their analog predecessors. These recent advances motivate rethinking the b.s.c role and architecture of shipboard controls. Traditional machinery system control has remained largely separate from combat systems and other ship information systems. Existing machinery control systems have concentrated on four functions: machinery status, control, system stability, and fault response. To implement these functions, custom systems have been designed, built and debugged for each class of ship. This lack of commonality has been expensive in terms of development costs, maintenance costs over the lifetime of the ship, and also the unrealized benefits stemming from prohibitive costs of adapting machinery controls to take advantage of emerging technologies. This paper proposes a new paradigm for developing a shipboard control system b.s.d upon a functional decomposition of ships' missions that leads to defining technology independent interface standards. Multiple vendors may be able to independently develop control system hardware and software elements adhering to such interface standards without a priori knowledge of a particular ship application, leading to the ability to develop a total ship control system with low risk by integrating proven hardware and software elements to meet specific ship design requirements. With this new concept, other functions not normally associated with machinery controls are feasible: spontaneous reconfiguration after a damage event, integrated training, condition b.s.d maintenance planning, data archiving, operator assistance, and configuration management. This new approach may also allow for the integration of machinery controls into a total ship control system with seamless support for combat systems. This new shipbo

关键词： Naval vessels

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Developing a prototype concurrent design tool for composite topside structures

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NAVAL ENGINEERs JOURNAL 1997年第3期109卷 279-290页

作者： Dirlik, s Hambric, s Azarm, s Marquardt, M Hellman, A bartlett, s Castelli, V Steve Dirlik:began his career at the Naval Surface Warfare Center Carderock Division in 1981 as an aerospace engineer co-op student. He completed his bachelor of science degree in aeropace and ocean engineering from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in 1985 and his master of science degree in aerospace engineering from the University of Maryland in 1990. Mr. Dirlik recently completed a master of science program in applied physics at The Johns Hopins University and currently works in the Radar Cross Section and Target Physics Branch of the Signatures Directorate at the Naval Surface Warfare Center Corderoke Division. He has worked on Navy low observable programs since 1990. Stephen Hambric:is a research associate at the Applied Research Laboratory at The Pennsylvania State University. He received his B. S. and M.S. degree in mechanical engineering from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University and his D. Sc. in mechnical engineering from the George Washington University. He has worked on several computer aided multidiscikplinary design and optimization projects over the years including an automated propeller design system and a structural acoustic optimization capability. Dr. Shpour Azarm:is currently working as an associate professor with the Design and Manufacturing Group of the Department of Mechanical Engineering at the University of maryland at College Park. Dr Azarm's expertise is in the areas of optimization-based designed and concurrent design and optimization of multidisciplinary systems. He was a consultant at Black & Decker Corporation (summer 1996) and worked as a Navy senior summer faculty fellow (summer 1995) and a NASA summer faculty fellow (summer 1994). He was a visiting scientist at NASA Langley Research Center for Multidisciplinary Analysis and Applied Structural Optimzatiom at the University of Siegen in Germany (spring 1992) and the Design Institute of the Technical University of Denmark (summer 1990). Dr Azarm was an associate technical editor of the ASME Jour

A prototype concurrent engineering tool has been developed for the preliminary design of composite topside structures for modern navy warships. This tool, named GELs for the Concurrent engineering of Layered structures, provides designers with an immediate assessment of the impacts of their decisions on several disciplines which are important to the performance of a modern naval topside structure, including electromagnetic interference effects (EMI), radar cross section (RCs), structural integrity, cost, and weight. Preliminary analysis modules in each of these disciplines are integrated to operate from a common set of design variables and a common materials datab.s.. Performance in each discipline and an overall fitness function for the concept are then evaluated. A graphical user interface (GUI) is used to define requirements and to display the results from the technical analysis modules. Optimization techniques, including feasible sequential quadratic programming (FsQP) and exhaustive search are used to modify the design variables to satisfy all requirements simultaneously. The development of this tool, the technical modules, and their integration are discussed noting the decisions and compromises required to develop and integrate the modules into a prototype conceptual design tool.

关键词： Warships

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building ships as a system: An approach to total ship integration

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NAVAL ENGINEERs JOURNAL 1997年第5期109卷 47-60页

作者： Duren, bG Pollard, JR Bernard G. Duren:is an operations research analyst in the Combat Systems Department of the. Naval Surface Warfare Center Dahlgren Division. Mr. Duren received an A.B. degree in mathematics from Indiana University and an M.S. degree in operations research from the Georgia Institute of Technology. His major duties involve development of system concepts and system engineering methodology. His primary areas of achievement include startup of a strategic planning process at the Dahlgren Division analysis of seaskimmer defense issues and formulation of concepts for counter-command warfare. His areas of interest include information integration group problem solving methods warfare analysis and strategic planning. Mr. Duren is currently conducting studies in design of future shipboard combat systems. James R. Pollard:serves as principal systems engineer in the Combat Systems Department of the Naval Surface Warfare Center Dahlgren Division. Dr. Pollard received a B.S. degree in physics from Roanoke College an M.S. degree in electrical engineering from The George Washington University and a Ph.D. in systems engineering from the University of Virginia. After joining the Dahlgren Division in 1962 he performed research in antennas and electromagnetic coupling. He subsequently managed the Special Effects Weapon Research Program which focused on high power electromagnetic devices. After serving as head of the Weapon Systems Division and the Search and Track Division he formed the Strategic Planning Group. In 1985 he received the Bernard Smith Award for creative development and implementation of a strategic planning process for the Division. From 1985 to 1987 he served as warfare systems architect in the Space and Naval Warfare Systems Command. Dr. Pollard is currently conducting studies in design of future shipboard combat systems.

This paper considers an effort to reinvent the process by which the Navy transforms operational requirements into warships. The objective is to articulate a framework and strategy for implementing a total ship system engineering approach. Three factors drive the effort: involve the warfighters in the design process;adopt a ''system of systems'' framework for integration;and continually improve the acquisition process. The strategy is illustrated by consideration of control structure on a total ship b.s.s. The work has been conducted as a collaborative effort involving three Navy warfare centers and various headquarters activities in Washington, D.C.

关键词： shipbuilding

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Influence of human engineering on manning levels and human performance on ships

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NAVAL ENGINEERs JOURNAL 1997年第5期109卷 67-76页

作者： Anderson, DE Oberman, FR Malone, Tb baker, CC David E. Anderson:has a bachelor of science degree in environmental engineering from Florida Technological University and a master's degree in environmental engineering from the University of Central Florida. He is a graduate of the Naval Sea Systems Command's Engineer-In-Training (EIT) Program. Mr. Anderson was instrumental in introducing the collective protection system (CPS) in the U.S. Navy developing the initial forward-fit package for the USS Gunston Hall and the engineering change proposal (ECP) for the USS Wasp. In 1990 he joined the Human Systems Integration (HSI) Division (SEA 55W5) where he was task leader for auxiliary ships. He is currently the HSI manager for the future technology variant of the SeaLift ship and the future carrier. Association of Scientists and Engineers 33rdAnnual Technical Symposium 26 April 1996. Fred R. Oberman:has B.A. and M.A. degrees from the University of Chicago and Loyola University (experimental psychology) and an M.S. degree in industrial engineering and operations research from Virginia Polytechnic Institute (VPI). He has more than 30 years experience in HSI management planning research analysis design and testing in government and private sector positions. He is currently responsible for NavSea HSI generic research and tool development efforts. He is responsible for Human Engineering Specifications and Standards (Commercial Hypertext) and is the NavSea 03D7 representative on HSI in Performance Specifications and for integration of HSI within Integrated Logistic Support (ILS). He has served as DoD HSI SubTAG chair and member of the Simulation and Modeling Test and Evaluation Display and Control Systems Human Computer Interaction Specifications and Standards and Systems Design Sub Tags as a member of the Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers (SNAME) Systems Safety Panel and a member of NATO RSG 14 on man-machine analysis. Thomas B. Malone: CHFEP received a Ph.D. in experimental psychology from Fordham University in 1964. He is president of Carlow

The objectives of Human engineering (HE) are generally viewed as increasing human performance, reducing human error, enhancing personnel and equipment safety, and reducing training and related personnel costs. There are other benefits that are thoroughly consistent with the direction of the Navy of the future, chief among these is reduction of required numbers of personnel to operate and maintain Navy ships. The Naval Research Advisory Committee (NRAC) report on Man-Machine Technology in the Navy estimated that one of the benefits from increased application of man-machine technology to Navy ship design is personnel reduction as well as improving system availability, effectiveness, and safety The objective of this paper is to discuss aspects of the human engineering design of ships and systems that affect manning requirements, and impact human-performance and safety The paper will also discuss how the application of human engineering leads to improved performance, and crew safety, and reduced workload, all of which influence manning levels. Finally, the paper presents a discussion of tools and case studies of good human engineering design practices which reduce manning.

关键词： Human engineering

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A b.s.c study on power storage capacitor systems

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ELECTRICAL engineering IN JAPAN 1996年第3期116卷 40-51页

作者： Okamura, M Okamura Laboratory Inc. [?]B.S. degree in 1959 from the Department of Electrical Engineering Waseda University. He joined Nippon Atomic Industry Group Co. the same year and studied at Argonne National Laboratories (U.S.) in 1964–65. He left the company and established the Okamura Laboratory Inc. in 1987. He is engaged in R&D of radiation measurements electronic circuits computer applications and software. Member of the Japan Nuclear Society and the Electrical Society.

storage batteries or pumped hydraulic power stations have been used to store electric energy. However, there are problems with storage batteries, e.g., long charging time, limited cycle life, low Coulomb efficiency, and inaccurate residual power meters. because of these problems, practical power applications have not been achieved. To solve these problems, a complex system of capacitors and electronic circuits called the ECs (Energy Capacitor system) is proposed. The capacitor part of the ECs is a group of electric double-layer capacitors of increased energy density. The circuits part is built around switching regulators. Although the capacitors alone are not capable of delivering stable output, the accompanying circuits compensate for various characteristics throughout the charge and discharge cycle. This combination of capacitors and electronic circuits increases the energy density by about 16 times that of the conventional electric double-layer capacitors, close to the level of lead-acid batteries but with lower output resistance and better voltage stability. The ECs inherently features short charging time, very long cycle life, and good Coulomb efficiency. The cells are completely sealed and made from materials which are not harmful to the environment.

关键词： electrical power storage device secondary battery electric double-layer capacitor switching regulator energy density power density

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soft-switching PWM DC-DC converter with reduced circulating current

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ELECTRICAL engineering IN JAPAN 1996年第6期117卷 100-110页

作者： Hamada, s Nakaoka, M Sansha Electric Mfg. Co. Yamaguchi University [?]Received his B.S. in Electrical Engineering from Osaka Institute of Technology in 1970. In 1970 he joined Sansha Electric Mfg. Co. Ltd. where he has been involved in research and development of high-frequency power converters. He is currently working toward his Ph.D. degree in Electrical System Engineering at Yamaguichi University. He is a member of I.E.E. of Japan and IEICE of Japan.

soft-switching phase-shifted PWM converters have attracted much attention because of their low switching losses, constant frequency operation and simple control. However, a circulating current flows through the transformer and the primary bridge circuit during the freewheeling interval, resulting in relatively high current stresses on the transformers and switching devices compared with those of conventional hard-switching PWM converters. This paper presents an improved soft-switching phase-shifted PWM DC-DC converter that can substantially reduce the circulating current by employing a tapped inductor for the output low-pass filter. The principle of operation and the role of the tapped inductor are illustrated. The effectiveness of the tapped inductor is evaluated through simulation analysis. Moreover, a 500 W-100 Hz prototype converter is implemented to demonstrate the excellent performances of both low switching and low conduction losses.

关键词： DC-DC converter soft-switching circulating current tapped inductor

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An evaluation method for power transfer capability enhanced by lightning countermeasures

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ELECTRICAL engineering IN JAPAN 1996年第3期116卷 29-39页

作者： Takahashi, K Inoue, A Tanaka, K CRIEPI [?]Born in 1939. He obtained his B.S. M.S. and Ph.D degrees in Electrical Engineering from the University of Tokyo in 1964 1966 and 1969 respectively. In 1964 he joined the CRIEPI and has been engaged mainly in research on power system engineering. He became a Director of the System Department in 1985. Dr. Takahashi has been an Associate Vice President since 1993. He was a Visiting Professor at the University of Texas at Arlington Texas USA from 1972 to 1973 and at the Kyushu Institute of Technology Japan from 1989 to 1992. Presently Dr. Takahashi is a Chairman of the Power and Energy Society of the I.E.E. of Japan. He is also a member of the IEEE and CIGRE.

Various countermeasures are taken against lightning faults in power transmission lines to decrease their occurrence and improve transmission reliability. However, how much they enhance the power transfer capability has not yet been quantitatively evaluated. The conventional deterministic approach, which is widely used in power system planning methodology, is inadequate to deal with this issue. This paper proposes a new method for numerically defining the power transfer capability enhanced by countermeasures against lightning. The proposed method is b.s.d on a probabilistic approach in which several fault patterns are taken into consideration with their occurrence frequency and maximum transferable power. This paper also gives an example application of the proposed method to a model trunk transmission system. The effect of a third overhead ground wire on the increase of transfer capability of a 500 kV transmission line has been quantitatively evaluated.

关键词： power system planning lightning fault power system stability power system reliability power transfer capability

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