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The potential and challenges of AI for collective intelligence

Collective Intelligence 2025年第1期4卷

作者： Christoph Riedl david de Cremer Gina lucarelli Erika Antoine-Souklaye Seth Bullock Nirav Ajmeri Mike Batty Michaela Black John Cartlidge Robert Challen Cangxiong Chen Jing Chen Joan Condell leon danon Adam dennett Alison Heppenstall Paul Marshall Phil Morgan Aisling O’Kane laura GE Smith Theresa Smith Hywel Williams Niccolo Pescetelli Georgina denis D’Amore-McKim School of Business Northeastern University Boston MA USA Accellerator Labs UNDP New York NY USA Accelerator Labs UNDP New York NY USA Department of Computer Science University of Bristol Bristol UK Centre for Advanced Spatial Analysis University College London London UK School of Computing Eng & Intel. Sys Ulster University Coleraine UK School of Engineering Mathematics and Technology University of Bristol Bristol UK Institute for Mathematical Innovation University of Bath Bath UK School of Mathematics Cardiff University Cardiff UK Urban Studies & Social Policy University of Glasgow Glasgow UK School of Computer Science University of Bristol Bristol UK School of Psychology Cardiff University Cardiff UK Department of Psychology University of Bath Bath UK Department of Mathematical Sciences University of Bath Bath UK Department of Computer Science University of Exeter Exeter UK Humanities and Social Sciences New Jersey Institute of Technology People Supported Technologies Newark NJ USA Imperial College London People Supported Technologies London UK

Tackling large scale problems like climate change and the Sustainable development Goals, requires taking a collective approach. Artificial Intelligence (AI) offers tremendous potential to enhance collective intelligence, both as an actor that contributes to the solution directly, and as a tool and mentor that helps coordinate human collective intelligence. Collective Intelligence invited experts and practitioners to highlight key challenges and explain how they employ AI to advance novel solutions — Christoph Riedl & david de Cremer.

关键词： Artificial intelligence citizen science climate action democracy SdG

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Effect of injection timing on performance, combustion and emission characteristics of dairy scum methyl esters in crdi engine

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International Journal of Vehicle Structures and Systems 2020年第4期12卷 363-368页

作者： Nandeesh, M. Harishkumar, R. Rajashekar, C.R. Banapurmath, N.R. Yaliwal, V.S. Sri Siddhartha Academy of Higher Education TumkurKarnataka India Dept. of Mech. Engg. Sri Siddhartha Institute of Tech TumkurKarnataka India Dept. of Mech. Engg. Mangalore Institute of Tech. and Engg MoodubidreKarnataka India School of Mech. Eng. BVBCET K.L.E. Technological University HubballiKarnataka India S.D.M. College of Engineering and Technology Dharwad India

The conventional diesel fuels are depleting at a faster pace. To reduce the burden on the economy, the reserves and sources for future has to be limited. The use of biodiesel derivatives from various sources and its blends in diesel engine has gained more importance in recent years. The present work investigates the feasibility of using dairy scum methyl esters (dSOME) of B20 blend in a modified single cylinder of common rail direct injection (CRdI) engine at a constant speed. Experiments were carried out at different injection timings from 25° BTdC to 5° ATdC with constant injection pressure as 600 bar. The fuel injection timing plays an important role in evaluating the performance, emission and combustion characteristics of the engine. The results show that the performance is improved with retarded injection timings compared to the operation of single cylinder dI engine fuelled with dSOME B20 biodiesel. © 2020. MechAero Foundation for Technical Research & Education Excellence.

关键词： Biodiesel

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Bimetallic Ag Ni doped lTA zeolite from kaolin: A dual-action catalyst for efficient dye degradation and antibacterial disinfection

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Inorganic Chemistry Communications 2025年 180卷

作者： Adel Mokhtar Khaled Zaiter Soumia Abdelkrim Amina Sardi Mohammed Sassi Mohammed Hachemaoui Bouhadjar Boukoussa Gianluca Viscusi Mohamed Abboud Laboratory of Materials Chemistry L.C.M University Oran1 Ahmed Ben Bella BP 1524 El-Mnaouer 31000 Oran Algeria Department of Process Engineering Faculty of Science and Technology University of Relizane 48000 Relizane Algeria Institute of Applied Sciences and Techniques (ISTA) University Oran1 Ahmed Ben Bella BP 1524 El-Mnaouer 31000 Oran Algeria Laboratoire de chimie des matériaux catalyse et réactivité LCMCR Université Hassiba Ben Bouali Chlef Algeria Faculté Science Exacte Et Informatique Département de Chimie Université Hassiba Ben Bouali Chlef Algeria Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Macromoléculaire L.C.P.M Université Oran 1 El-Menaouer Ahmed Ben Bella Oran 1 Algeria Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science and Technology University of Relizane 48000 Relizane Algeria Department of Materials Engineering Faculty of Chemistry University of Sciences and Technology Mohamed Boudiaf BP 1505 El-Mnaouer 31000 Oran Algeria Department of Industrial Engineering University of Salerno Via Giovanni Paolo II 132 84084 Fisciano SA Italy Catalysis Research Group (CRG) Department of Chemistry College of Science King Khalid University P.O. Box 9004 Abha 61413 Saudi Arabia

This study presents the synthesis of linde Type A (lTA) zeolite from kaolin, followed by ion exchange with silver and nickel to produce lTA@Ag@Ni exchanged, and subsequent calcination to form metal oxides (NiO and AgO) within the zeolite framework (lTA@Ag@Ni calcined). XRd, FT-IR, UV–Vis, Raman, and SEM/EdS analyses confirmed the successful formation of lTA zeolite and the presence of NiO and AgO on the zeolite surface post-calcination. The materials' antibacterial, antifungal, and catalytic properties were evaluated. Catalytic reduction tests with Congo red (CR) dye showed limited activity for the unmodified lTA zeolite due to the absence of active metallic sites. The lTA@Ag@Ni exchanged improved interaction with CR but did not achieve a complete reduction. In contrast, calcined lTA@Ag@Ni demonstrated superior catalytic efficiency, achieving full CR reduction in just 4 min due to improved dispersion or accessibility of active sites on the catalyst surface. The reusability performance of the lTA@Ag@Ni calcined catalyst for reducing Congo Red dye proved excellent activity and structural integrity up to five cycles. Antibacterial and antifungal assays against Klebsiella pneumoniae , Escherichia coli , Bacillus cereus , Pseudomonas, Enterococcus, Aspergillus niger, and Candida albicans showed minimal activity for pure lTA zeolite. lTA@Ag@Ni exchanged exhibited the highest antimicrobial effectiveness, with an inhibition zone from 1.40 cm for Klebsiella Pneumoniae to 2.25 cm for Enterococcus, while lTA@Ag@Ni calcined showed the best antifungal activity. These findings indicate that silver and nickel doping substantially enhances the antimicrobial potential of lTA zeolite, making it a promising candidate for applications in agriculture, medicine, and food preservation.

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Cable-driven robotic interface for lower limb neuromechanics identification

arXiv

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Huang, Hsien-Yung Farkhatdinov, Ildar Arami, Arash Bouri, Mohamed Burdet, Etienne Department of Bioengineering Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine United Kingdom School of Electronics Engineering and Computer Science Queen Mary University of London United Kingdom Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering University of Waterloo Canada Biorobotics Laboratory École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne

This paper presents a versatile cable-driven robotic interface to investigate the single-joint joint neuromechanics of the hip, knee and ankle. This endpoint-based interface offers highly dynamic interaction and accurate position control, as is typically required for neuromechanics identification. It can be used with the subject upright, corresponding to natural posture during walking or standing, and does not impose kinematic constraints on a joint, in contrast to existing interfaces. Mechanical evaluations demonstrated that the interface yields a rigidity above 500N/m with low viscosity. Tests with a rigid dummy leg and linear springs show that it can identify the mechanical impedance of a limb accurately. A smooth perturbation is developed and tested with a human subject, which can be used to estimate the hip neuromechanics. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Position control

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A dynamic dNA for Key-based Cryptography

A Dynamic DNA for Key-based Cryptography

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International Conference on Computational Techniques, Electronics and Mechanical Systems (CTEMS)

作者： Bahubali Akiwate latha Parthiban Department of Computer Science & Engineering K.L.E College of Engineering and Technology Chikodi India Department of Computer Science & Engineering Pondicherry University Pondicherry India

ISBN: (纸本)9781538677100

A dynamic dNA for key-based Cryptography that encrypt and decrypt plain text characters, text file, image file and audio file using dNA sequences. Cryptography is always taken as the secure way while transforming the confidential information over the network such as lAN, Internet. But over the time, the traditional cryptographic approaches are been replaced with more effective cryptographic systems such as Quantum Cryptography, Biometric Cryptography, Geographical Cryptography and dNA Cryptography. This approach accepts the dNA sequences as the input to generate the key that going to provide two stages of data security.

关键词： dNA Encryption Encoding Receivers Ciphers Reliability

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dNA metabarcoding marker choice skews perception of marine eukaryotic biodiversity

Environmental DNA

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Environmental dNA 2021年第6期3卷 1229-1246页

作者： Casey, Jordan M. Ransome, Emma Collins, Allen G. Mahardini, Angka Kurniasih, Eka M. Sembiring, Andrianus Schiettekatte, Nina M. d. Cahyani, Ni Kadek dita Wahyu Anggoro, Aji Moore, Mikaela Uehling, Abby Belcaid, Mahdi Barber, Paul H. Geller, Jonathan B. Meyer, Christopher P. Department of Marine Science Marine Science Institute University of Texas at Austin Port Aransas TX United States Department of Invertebrate Zoology National Museum of Natural History Smithsonian Institution Washington DC United States Department of Life Sciences Imperial College London United Kingdom National Systematics Laboratory NOAA Fisheries Washington DC United States Jeju Marine Research Center Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology Jeju South Korea Indonesian Biodiversity Research Center Denpasar Bali Indonesia Yayasan Biodiversitas Indonesia Denpasar Bali Indonesia PSL Université Paris: EPHE-UPVD-CNRS USR 3278 CRIOBE Université de Perpignan Perpignan France Laboratoire d’Excellence “CORAIL” Perpignan France Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California – Los Angeles Los Angeles CA United States Department of Geological Sciences and Geological Engineering Queen’s University Kingston ON Canada Department of Information and Computer Sciences University of Hawaii at Mānoa Honolulu HI United States Moss Landing Marine Laboratories San José State University Moss Landing CA United States

dNA metabarcoding is an increasingly popular technique to investigate biodiversity;however, many methodological unknowns remain, especially concerning the biases resulting from marker choice. Regions of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and 18S rdNA (18S) genes are commonly employed “universal” markers for eukaryotes, but the extent of taxonomic biases introduced by these markers and how such biases may impact metabarcoding performance is not well quantified. Here, focusing on macroeukaryotes, we use standardized sampling from autonomous reef monitoring structures (ARMS) deployed in the world's most biodiverse marine ecosystem, the Coral Triangle, to compare the performance of COI and 18S markers. We then compared metabarcoding data to image-based annotations of ARMS plates. Although both markers provided similar estimates of taxonomic richness and total sequence reads, marker choice skewed estimates of eukaryotic diversity. The COI marker recovered relative abundances of the dominant sessile phyla consistent with image annotations. Both COI and the image annotations provided higher relative abundance estimates of Bryozoa and Porifera and lower estimates of Chordata as compared to 18S, but 18S recovered 25% more phyla than COI. Thus, while COI more reliably reflects the occurrence of dominant sessile phyla, 18S provides a more holistic representation of overall taxonomic diversity. Ideal marker choice is, therefore, contingent on study system and research question, especially in relation to desired taxonomic resolution, and a multimarker approach provides the greatest application across a broad range of research objectives. As metabarcoding becomes an essential tool to monitor biodiversity in our changing world, it is critical to evaluate biases associated with marker choice. © 2021 The Authors. Environmental dNA published by John Wiley & Sons ltd.

关键词： 18S rdNA coral reefs cryptic diversity cytochrome c oxidase subunit I high-throughput sequencing taxonomy

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Scope of research on particle swarm optimization scope of research on particle swarm optimization scope of research on particle swarm optimization scope of research on particle swarm optimization based data clustering

arXiv

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arXiv 2018年

作者： Metre, Vishakha A. deshmukh, Pramod B. Department of Computer Engineering D. Y. Patil College of Engineering Akurdi Pune India

Optimization is nothing but a mathematical technique which finds maxima or minima of any function of concern in some realistic region. different optimization techniques are proposed which are competing for the best solution. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is a new, advanced, and most powerful optimization methodology that performs empirically well on several optimization problems. It is the extensively used Swarm Intelligence (SI) inspired optimization algorithm used for finding the global optimal solution in a multifaceted search region. data clustering is one of the challenging real world applications that invite the eminent research works in variety of fields. Applicability of different PSO variants to data clustering is studied in the literature, and the analyzed research work shows that, PSO variants give poor results for multidimensional data. This paper describes the different challenges associated with multidimensional data clustering and scope of research on optimizing the clustering problems using PSO. We also propose a strategy to use hybrid PSO variant for clustering multidimensional numerical, text and image data. Copyright © 2018, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Particle swarm optimization (PSO)

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ViS-Hud: Using visual saliency to improve human detection with convolutional neural networks

arXiv

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arXiv 2018年

作者： Gajjar, Vandit Khandhediya, Yash Gurnani, Ayesha Mavani, Viraj Raval, Mehul S. Computer Vision Group L. D. College of Engineering Dosepack LLC Meditab Software Inc Ahmedabad University

The paper presents a technique to improve human detection in still images using deep learning. Our novel method, ViS-Hud, computes visual saliency map from the image. Then the input image is multiplied by the map and product is fed to the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) which detects humans in the image. A visual saliency map is generated using Ml-Net and human detection is carried out using detectNet. Ml-Net is pre-trained on SAlICON while, detectNet is pre-trained on ImageNet database for visual saliency detection and image classification respectively. The CNNs of ViS-Hud were trained on two challenging databases - Penn Fudan and TUd-Brussels Benchmark. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves state-of-the-art performance on Penn Fudan dataset with 91.4% human detection accuracy and it achieves average miss-rate of 53% on the TUd-Brussels benchmark. Copyright © 2018, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Visualization

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Is your Privacy Safe with Aadhaar?: An Open discussion

Is your Privacy Safe with Aadhaar?: An Open Discussion

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International Conference on Parallel distributed and Grid Computing (PdGC)

作者： Amit Kumar Tyagi G. Rekha N. Sreenath School of Computer Science & Engineering Lingayas Vidyapeeth Faridabad Haryana India Department of Computer Science and Engineering K L University Hyderabad India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Pondicherry Engineering College Puducherry India

ISBN: (纸本)9781728106489

The Aadhaar project is the world's largest national identity project, launched by Government of India in 2009, which seeks to collect biometric and demographic data of residents and store this information in a centralised database. To date, more than approximate 1.1 billion users have enrolled for Aadhaar/ in this system, and the government has spent at least 1000 million USd on this project. Basically, this project is completely free for its citizens/ people. No agency/ centre require money for issuing Aadhaar (as first time). But recently/ in the last five years, several issues like privacy and security have emerged with this project. This work examines these issues from a computer Science perspective and provides several valuable suggestions (needed to be done/ overcome in near future). Also, this work investigates the privacy and security issues of Aadhaar from a technology point of view. Our analysis suggests that privacy protection in Aadhaar will require a) an independent third party that can play the role of an online auditor, b) study of several modern tools and techniques from computer science, and c) strong legal and policy frameworks that can address the specifics of authentication and identification in a modern digital setting. Aadhaar is premised on the infallibility and security of an individual's biometric data, i.e., her fingerprints and iris scans. However, this is only a myth because section 28(5) of the Aadhaar Act refuses an individual access to the biometric data that act as core of his/ her unique Id. In summary, this paper describes a detail discussion and reaches on a result that how Aadhaar can be good or bad for people of India.

关键词： Privacy Government databases computer science Authentication law

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Observation of Three-Photon Spontaneous Parametric down-Conversion in a Superconducting Parametric Cavity

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Physical Review X 2020年第1期10卷 011011-011011页

作者： C. W. Sandbo Chang Carlos Sabín P. Forn-díaz Fernando Quijandría A. M. Vadiraj I. Nsanzineza G. Johansson C. M. Wilson Institute for Quantum Computing and Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Waterloo Waterloo Ontario N2L 3G1 Canada Instituto de Física Fundamental CSIC Serrano 113-bis 28006 Madrid Spain Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE) The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) Bellaterra (Barcelona) 08193 Spain Barcelona Supercomputing Center-CNS Barcelona 08034 Spain Microtechnology and Nanoscience MC2 Chalmers University of Technology SE-412 96 Göteborg Sweden

Spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPdC) has been a key enabling technology in exploring quantum phenomena and their applications for decades. For instance, traditional SPdC, which splits a high-energy pump photon into two lower-energy photons, is a common way to produce entangled photon pairs. Since the early realizations of SPdC, researchers have thought to generalize it to higher order, e.g., to produce entangled photon triplets. However, directly generating photon triplets through a single SPdC process has remained elusive. Here, using a flux-pumped superconducting parametric cavity, we demonstrate direct three-photon SPdC, with photon triplets generated in a single cavity mode or split between multiple modes. With strong pumping, the states can be quite bright, with flux densities exceeding 60 photons per second per hertz. The observed states are strongly non-Gaussian, which has important implications for potential applications. In the single-mode case, we observe a triangular star-shaped distribution of quadrature voltages, indicative of the long-predicted “star state.” The observed state shows strong third-order correlations, as expected for a state generated by a cubic Hamiltonian. By pumping at the sum frequency of multiple modes, we observe strong three-body correlations between multiple modes, strikingly, in the absence of second-order correlations. We further analyze the third-order correlations under mode transformations by the symplectic symmetry group, showing that the observed transformation properties serve to “fingerprint” the specific cubic Hamiltonian that generates them. The observed non-Gaussian, third-order correlations represent an important step forward in quantum optics and may have a strong impact on quantum communication with microwave fields as well as continuous-variable quantum computation.

关键词： Quantum communication Quantum computation Quantum optics

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