Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies have revolutionized bone cancer research, enabling detailed insights into the genetic, transcriptional, and epigenetic layers of these malignancies. This overview discusse...
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Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies have revolutionized bone cancer research, enabling detailed insights into the genetic, transcriptional, and epigenetic layers of these malignancies. This overview discusses the pivotal role of NGS in enhancing the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of primary bone cancers such as osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, and Ewing sarcoma. By facilitating the identification of novel genetic mutations, gene fusions, and epigenetic alterations, NGS supports the development of personalized medicine approaches and targeted therapies, significantly impacting clinical outcomes. The utilization of various NGS platforms, including Illumina, SOLiD, and Ion Torrent, has provided comprehensive genomic profiles that inform targeted treatment strategies and enable early detection through liquid biopsies and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) analysis. Despite the profound clinical benefits, the integration of NGS into routine practice faces challenges such as technical limitations, complex data interpretation, and substantial infrastructure requirements. Future directions involve technological improvements, combinatorial omics approaches, and extensive validation through clinical trials to confirm the efficacy of NGS-guided interventions. These advancements promise to further enhance the precision and effectiveness of bone cancer management, offering hope for more tailored and effective therapeutic outcomes.
Multifunctional tunable-emissive carbon dots (ME-CDs) were hydrothermally synthesized and characterized for their structural, morphological, and optical properties, as well as their applications in biological imaging ...
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Multifunctional tunable-emissive carbon dots (ME-CDs) were hydrothermally synthesized and characterized for their structural, morphological, and optical properties, as well as their applications in biological imaging and anti-counterfeiting. Scanning electron microscopy revealed uniformly dispersed wrinkle-shaped particles, while high-resolution transmission electron microscopy confirmed sizes below 5 nm. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy validated the carbon-dominant composition, with functional groups essential for biological interactions. Raman spectroscopy showed a partially disordered graphite-like structure with a 0.72 D/G intensity ratio, and fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy identified surface functionalities. The UV-vis absorption spectrum exhibited characteristic pi-pi* and n-pi* transitions at 280 nm and 340 nm, while fluorescence studies demonstrated strong excitation-dependent emission suitable for imaging. ME-CDs showed remarkable stability, maintaining fluorescence intensity over 200 days and under UV irradiation. As fluorescent ink, they displayed clear visibility under UV light and prolonged durability. Biocompatibility studies confirmed non-toxicity, enabling effective labeling of fibroblasts and human mesenchymal stem cells (HMSCs) with confocal visualization. ME-CDs also penetrated 3D HMSC spheroids, providing multicolor fluorescence without affecting cell viability, and efficiently tracked macrophage migration. The robust optical properties, biocompatibility, and durability of ME-CDs underscore their potential for long-term applications in bioimaging and anti-counterfeiting.
The prolonged blood circulation of the radiolabeled antibody conjugates is problematic when using immuno-PET imaging due to the increased radiation exposure and longer hospitalization required until sufficient contras...
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The prolonged blood circulation of the radiolabeled antibody conjugates is problematic when using immuno-PET imaging due to the increased radiation exposure and longer hospitalization required until sufficient contrast develops. In contrast to the prevailing belief that PEGylation prolongs blood retention time, we observed that a PEGylated antibody with a short PEG(8) linker cleared much faster from the blood while maintaining tumor uptake compared to its non-PEGylated counterpart. Breast tumors were clearly visualized with a very high tumor-to-background ratio as early as 24 h after injection in immuno-positron emission tomography (PET) imaging.
Growing global biowaste and its environmental issues challenge the need for converting biowastes into a beneficial product. Among the biowaste, here kiwi fruit (Actinidia Deliciosa) peels are considered for the prepar...
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Growing global biowaste and its environmental issues challenge the need for converting biowastes into a beneficial product. Among the biowaste, here kiwi fruit (Actinidia Deliciosa) peels are considered for the preparation of carbon dots (CDs). Using a green one-pot hydrothermal-carbonization method, kiwi fruit peels were effectively converted into valuable kiwi fruit peel carbon dots (KFP-CDs). The morphology, physio-chemical and optical properties of as-synthesized KFP-CDs were analyzed using various analytical techniques such as X-ray powder diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, attenuated total reflection-fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Ultraviolet-visible, and fluorescence spectroscopy. The KFP-CDs revealed a homogeneous spherical shape, monodispersed with an average size of 5 nm. The characterization confirms that KFP-CDs have functional groups such as -CN, -COOH, and -OH which are responsible for the easy dispersion of KFP-CDs in aqueous media. Without any preprocessing, KFP-CDs exhibit strong fluorescence upon exposure to UV light. Further, KFP-CDs displayed excitation-dependent fluorescence emission with a good quantum yield of about 18%. Thus by considering the excellent properties of KFP-CDs, KFP-CDs were used as fluorescent ink for drawing and writing without any capping/passivation agent. The pictures and words were instantaneously viewed when exposed to UV light. In addition, KFP-CDs tested for cell imaging in fourhuman cell lines (normal and cancer cells) bestowed excellent biocompatibility and low cytotoxicity, which is important for the safe and long-term development of cellular imaging. The findings imply that KFP-CDs can be utilized as a cell labeling agent for mesenchymal stem cells, breast cancer, and thyroid cancer cells in vitro imaging. Thus, these observations revealed that investigating sustainable resource-b
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles well known for facilitating cell-to-cell communication by distributing essential macromolecules like proteins, DNA, mRNA, lipids, and miRNA. These vesicles are abundant in fluids di...
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Exosomes are extracellular vesicles well known for facilitating cell-to-cell communication by distributing essential macromolecules like proteins, DNA, mRNA, lipids, and miRNA. These vesicles are abundant in fluids distributed throughout the body, including urine, blood, saliva, and even bile. They are important diagnostic tools for breast, lung, gastrointestinal cancers, etc. However, their application as cancer biomarkers has not yet been implemented in most parts of the world. In this review, we discuss how OMICs profiling of exosomes can be practiced by substituting traditional imaging or biopsy methods for cancer detection. Previous methods like extensive imaging and biopsy used for screening were expensive, mostly invasive, and could not easily provide early detection for various types of cancer. Exosomal biomarkers can be utilized for routine screening by simply collecting body fluids from the individual. We anticipate that the use of exosomes will be brought to light by the success of clinical trials investigating their potential to enhance cancer detection and treatment in the upcoming years.
Correction for 'A short PEG linker alters the in vivo pharmacokinetics of trastuzumab to yield high-contrast immuno-PET images' by Woonghee Lee et al., J. Mater. Chem. B, 2021, 9, 2993-2997, DOI: 10.1039/D0TB0...
Correction for 'A short PEG linker alters the in vivo pharmacokinetics of trastuzumab to yield high-contrast immuno-PET images' by Woonghee Lee et al., J. Mater. Chem. B, 2021, 9, 2993-2997, DOI: 10.1039/D0TB02911D.
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