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MetaGlyph: Automatic Generation of Metaphoric Glyph-based Visualization

IEEE Transactions on Visualization and computer Graphics 2023年第1期29卷 331-341页

作者： Ying, Lu Shu, Xinhuan Deng, Dazhen Yang, Yuchen Tang, Tan Yu, Lingyun Wu, Yingcai Zhejiang University State Key Lab of CAD&CG Hangzhou China Alibaba-Zhejiang University Joint Research Institute of Frontier Technologies China The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Department of Computer Science and Engineering Hong Kong Hong Kong School of Art and Archaeology Zhejiang University Hangzhou China Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University Department of Computing Suzhou China

Glyph-based visualization achieves an impressive graphic design when associated with comprehensive visual metaphors, which help audiences effectively grasp the conveyed information through revealing data semantics. However, creating such metaphoric glyph-based visualization (MGV) is not an easy task, as it requires not only a deep understanding of data but also professional design skills. This paper proposes MetaGlyph, an automatic system for generating MGVs from a spreadsheet. To develop MetaGlyph, we first conduct a qualitative analysis to understand the design of current MGVs from the perspectives of metaphor embodiment and glyph design. Based on the results, we introduce a novel framework for generating MGVs by metaphoric image selection and an MGV construction. Specifically, MetaGlyph automatically selects metaphors with corresponding images from online resources based on the input data semantics. We then integrate a Monte Carlo tree search algorithm that explores the design of an MGV by associating visual elements with data dimensions given the data importance, semantic relevance, and glyph non-overlap. The system also provides editing feedback that allows users to customize the MGVs according to their design preferences. We demonstrate the use of MetaGlyph through a set of examples, one usage scenario, and validate its effectiveness through a series of expert interviews. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Visualization

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Benchmarking LLMs on the Semantic Overlap Summarization Task

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Salvador, John Bansal, Naman Akter, Mousumi Sarkar, Souvika Das, Anupam Karmaker, Shubhra Kanti Big Data Intelligence Lab Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering College of Engineering Auburn University United States

Semantic Overlap Summarization (SOS) is a constrained multi-document summarization task, where the constraint is to capture the common/overlapping information between two alternative narratives. While recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved superior performance in numerous summarization tasks, a benchmarking study of the SOS task using LLMs is yet to be performed. As LLMs’ responses are sensitive to slight variations in prompt design, a major challenge in conducting such a benchmarking study is to systematically explore a variety of prompts before drawing a reliable conclusion. Fortunately, very recently, the TELeR taxonomy has been proposed which can be used to design and explore various prompts for LLMs. Using this TELeR taxonomy and 15 popular LLMs, this paper comprehensively evaluates LLMs on the SOS Task, assessing their ability to summarize overlapping information from multiple alternative narratives. For evaluation, we report well-established metrics like ROUGE, BERTscore, and SEM-F1 on two different datasets of alternative narratives. We conclude the paper by analyzing the strengths and limitations of various LLMs in terms of their capabilities in capturing overlapping information1 © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Semantics

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Wireless Federated Learning With Hybrid Local and Centralized Training: A Latency Minimization Design

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IEEE Journal on Selected Topics in Signal Processing 2023年第1期17卷 248-263页

作者： Huang, Ning Dai, Minghui Wu, Yuan Quek, Tony Q. S. Shen, Xuemin State Key Lab of Internet of Things for Smart City China University of Macau Department of Computer and Information Science China University of Macau State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City The Department of Computer and Information Science China Zhuhai Um Science and Technology Research Institute Zhuhai519031 China Singapore University of Technology and Design Information Systems Technology and Design Pillar 487372 Singapore National Cheng Kung University Taiwan University of Waterloo Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering WaterlooONN2L 3G1 Canada

Wireless federated learning (FL) is a collaborative machine learning (ML) framework in which wireless client-devices independently train their ML models and send the locally trained models to the FL server for aggregation. In this paper, we consider the coexistence of privacy-sensitive client-devices and privacy-insensitive yet computing-resource constrained client-devices, and propose an FL framework with a hybrid centralized training and local training. Specifically, the privacy-sensitive client-devices perform local ML model training and send their local models to the FL server. Each privacy-insensitive client-device can have two options, i.e., (i) conducting a local training and then sending its local model to the FL server, and (ii) directly sending its local data to the FL server for the centralized training. The FL server, after collecting the data from the privacy-insensitive client-devices (which choose to upload the local data), conducts a centralized training with the received datasets. The global model is then generated by aggregating (i) the local models uploaded by the client-devices and (ii) the model trained by the FL server centrally. Focusing on this hybrid FL framework, we firstly analyze its convergence feature with respect to the client-devices' selections of local training or centralized training. We then formulate a joint optimization of client-devices' selections of the local training or centralized training, the FL training configuration (i.e., the number of the local iterations and the number of the global iterations), and the bandwidth allocations to the client-devices, with the objective of minimizing the overall latency for reaching the FL convergence. Despite the non-convexity of the joint optimization problem, we identify its layered structure and propose an efficient algorithm to solve it. Numerical results demonstrate the advantage of our proposed FL framework with the hybrid local and centralized training as well as our proposed alg

关键词： Information management

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NeuroBooster: A Robust Classifier for the Discovery of Neuropeptide Sequences based on Meta-learning Approach

NeuroBooster: A Robust Classifier for the Discovery of Neuro...

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IEEE International Conference on Big Data

作者： Md. Shazzad Hossain Shaon Md. Fahim Sultan Tasmin Karim Md. Shoaib Hossain Alshan Alfredo Cuzzocrea Mst Shapna Akter Department of Computer Science and Engineering Oakland University Rochester MI USA Department of Computer Science and Engineering Shanto-Mariam University of Creative Technology Dhaka Bangladesh iDEA Lab University of Calabria Rende Italy Department of Computer Science University of Paris City Paris France

ISBN: (数字)9798350362480

ISBN: (纸本)9798350362497

Neuropeptides (NPs) are fragile proteins that serve as essential signaling molecules in the neurological system, playing a key role in modulating various physiological processes. Identifying particular neuropeptide sequences relevant to specific disorders would be beneficial for accelerating the development of diagnostic tools. The study proposed another approach to detecting NPs with multi-layer perception (MLP) and a bagging classifier-based meta-learning method called NeuroBooster. This investigation initially focused on five feature extractions based on composition, such as AAC, PAAC, physicochemical properties, QSO, and transfer-learning, such as Bert, and F2V strategies. Subsequently, we used the XGB feature selection method in the Bert and F2V methods to obtain the most 100D crucial features. The predicted probabilistic outcomes of NPs from the 8 preliminary models merged and derived a two-stage dataset with 40 dimensions of features and transmitted them into three classic models and two meta-models, through rigorous criteria for evaluation. Compared with the existing predictor, our proposed model NeuroBooster achieved a higher accuracy of 91.91% in the independent test method. Consequently, we discovered important features in these five models underscoring that physicochemical properties are potential targets for identification, thereby revealing new avenues for therapies.

关键词： Metalearning Drugs Proteins Adaptation models Accuracy Predictive models Sensitivity and specificity Feature extraction Probabilistic logic Physiology

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A Species-based Particle Swarm Optimization with Adaptive Population Size and Deactivation of Species for Dynamic Optimization Problems

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ACM Transactions on Evolutionary Learning and Optimization 2023年第4期3卷 1-25页

作者： Yazdani, Delaram Yazdani, Danial Yazdani, Donya Omidvar, Mohammad Nabi Gandomi, Amir H. Yao, Xin Department of Computer Engineering Mashhad Branch Azad University Mashhad*** Iran Faculty of Engineering & Information Technology University of Technology Sydney Ultimo2007 Australia AI Lab British Antarctic Survey CambridgeCB3 0ET United Kingdom School of Computing Leeds University Business School University of Leeds LeedsLS2 9JT United Kingdom Obuda University Budapest1034 Hungary Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain-inspired Intelligent Computation Department of Computer Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen518055 China School of Computer Science University of Birmingham BirminghamB15 2TT United Kingdom

Population clustering methods, which consider the position and fitness of individuals to form sub-populations in multi-population algorithms, have shown high efficiency in tracking the moving global optimum in dynamic optimization problems. However, most of these methods use a fixed population size, making them inflexible and inefficient when the number of promising regions is unknown. The lack of a functional relationship between the population size and the number of promising regions significantly degrades performance and limits an algorithm’s agility to respond to dynamic changes. To address this issue, we propose a new species-based particle swarm optimization with adaptive population size and number of sub-populations for solving dynamic optimization problems. The proposed algorithm also benefits from a novel systematic adaptive deactivation component that, unlike the previous deactivation components, adapts the computational resource allocation to the sub-populations by considering various characteristics of both the problem and the sub-populations. We evaluate the performance of our proposed algorithm for the Generalized Moving Peaks Benchmark and compare the results with several peer approaches. The results indicate the superiority of the proposed method. © 2023 Copyright held by the owner/author(s).

关键词： Resource allocation

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ITAE Index Based Control Design Strategy to Mitigate Frequency Deviation of Renewable Integrated Islanded-Microgrid 11

ITAE Index Based Control Design Strategy to Mitigate Frequen...

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11th IEEE International Conference on Power Electronics, Drives and Energy Systems, PEDES 2024

作者： Bashishtha, T.K. Singh, V.P. Mathur, Akhilesh Murari, Krishna Mishra, Mrityunjay Kumar Al-Sumaiti, Ameena Saad M. National Institute of Technology RJ Jaipur302017 India The University of Toledo Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department OH43606 United States Apec Khalifa University Smart Or Lab Eecs Department Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates

This work addresses the frequency stability issue of microgrids and eliminates frequency errors by incorporating a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller. PID controller mitigates frequency error by deriving controller gains with the help of integral time absolute error (ITAE) index as a key design criterion. To validate controller efficacy, various analyses are conducted. The results indicate that ITAE assisted-PID controller achieves good settling time, rise time, and requires minimum controller magnitude. The ITAE-PID controller provides a better frequency response of considered microgrid model. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Three term control systems

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Incremental Learning Algorithms for Broad Learning System with Node and Input Addition

Incremental Learning Algorithms for Broad Learning System wi...

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2024 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, SMC 2024

作者： Chen, Guang-Ze Jin, Junwei Sun, Hai-Wei Philip Chen, C.L. Faculty of Science and Technology University of Macau Department of Mathematics 99999 China School of Artificial Intelligence and Big Data Henan University of Technology Zhengzhou450001 China School of Computer Science and Engineering South China University of Technology and Pazhou Lab Guangzhou510641 510335 China

ISBN: (纸本)9781665410205

The Broad Learning System (BLS) has been established as an effective flat network alternative to Deep Neural Networks (DNNs), delivering high efficiency while achieving competitive accuracy. Despite its advantages, the incremental learning methods of BLS face challenges in stability and computation when expanding with new nodes or input. We introduce two novel incremental learning algorithms based on factorization updates for BLS that optimize node and input additions to overcome these limitations. Our node addition algorithm utilizes QR decomposition and Cholesky factorization, using the update of the Cholesky factor instead of pseudo-inverse computations. For input addition, we propose an iterative Cholesky factor update algorithm. Our algorithms demonstrate not only faster computation compared to the existing BLS but also improved testing accuracy on the MNIST or Fashion-MNIST dataset. This work presents a significant step forward in the practical application and scalability of BLS in various data-dense environments. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Adversarial machine learning

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EfficientNet-SAM: A Novel EffecientNet with Spatial Attention Mechanism for COVID-19 Detection in Pulmonary CT Scans

EfficientNet-SAM: A Novel EffecientNet with Spatial Attentio...

引用

IEEE computer Society Conference on computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (CVPRW)

作者： Ramy Farag Parth Upadhay Jacket Demby’s Yixiang Gao Katherin Garces Montoya Seyed Mohamad Ali Tousi Gbenga Omotara Guilherme DeSouza Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vision-Guided and Intelligent Robotics Lab - ViGIR Lab University of Missouri-Columbia

ISBN: (数字)9798350365474

ISBN: (纸本)9798350365481

Manual analysis and diagnosis of COVID-19 through the examination of Computed Tomography (CT) images of the lungs can be time-consuming and result in errors, especially given high volume of patients and numerous images per patient. So, we address the need for automation of this task by developing a new deep learning-based pipeline. Our motivation was sparked by the CVPR Workshop on "Domain Adaptation, Explainability and Fairness in AI for Medical Image Analysis", more specifically, the "COVID-19 Diagnosis Competition (DEF-AI-MIA COV19D)" under the same Workshop. This challenge provides an opportunity to assess our proposed pipeline for COVID-19 detection from CT scan images. The same pipeline incorporates one of the architectures in the EfficientNet "family", but with an added Spatial Attention Mechanism: EfficientNet-SAM. Also, unlike the traditional/past pipelines, which relied on a preprocessing step, our pipeline takes the raw selected input images without any such step, except for an image-selection step to simply reduce the number of CT images required for training and/or testing. Moreover, our pipeline is computationally efficient, as, for example, it does not incorporate a decoder for segmenting the lungs. It also does not combine different models nor combine RNN with a backbone, as other pipelines in the past did. Nevertheless, our pipeline outperformed all approaches presented by other teams in last year’s instance of the same challenge using the validation subset. It also placed 5th in this year’s competition, ranking less than 1.3% below the 1st place and close to 3.5% above the 6th place based on the macro-F1 score.

关键词： COVID-19 Training Visualization Attention mechanisms Computed tomography Conferences Pipelines

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MorphGrower: A Synchronized Layer-by-layer Growing Approach for Plausible Neuronal Morphology Generation 41

MorphGrower: A Synchronized Layer-by-layer Growing Approach ...

引用

41st International Conference on Machine Learning, ICML 2024

作者： Yang, Nianzu Zeng, Kaipeng Lu, Haotian Wu, Yexin Yuan, Zexin Chen, Danni Jiang, Shengdian Wu, Jiaxiang Wang, Yimin Yan, Junchi School of Artificial Intelligence Department of Computer Science and Engineering MoE Lab of AI Shanghai Jiao Tong University China Guangdong Institute of Intelligence Science and Technology China SEU-ALLEN Joint Center Institute for Brain and Intelligence Southeast University China XVERSE Technology China

Neuronal morphology is essential for studying brain functioning and understanding neurodegenerative disorders. As acquiring real-world morphology data is expensive, computational approaches for morphology generation have been studied. Traditional methods heavily rely on expert-set rules and parameter tuning, making it difficult to generalize across different types of morphologies. Recently, MorphVAE was introduced as the sole learning-based method, but its generated morphologies lack plausibility, i.e., they do not appear realistic enough and most of the generated samples are topologically invalid. To fill this gap, this paper proposes MorphGrower, which mimicks the neuron natural growth mechanism for generation. Specifically, MorphGrower generates morphologies layer by layer, with each subsequent layer conditioned on the previously generated structure. During each layer generation, MorphGrower utilizes a pair of sibling branches as the basic generation block and generates branch pairs synchronously. This approach ensures topological validity and allows for fine-grained generation, thereby enhancing the realism of the final generated morphologies. Results on four real-world datasets demonstrate that MorphGrower outperforms MorphVAE by a notable margin. Importantly, the electrophysiological response simulation demonstrates the plausibility of our generated samples from a neuroscience perspective. Our code is available at https://***/Thinklab-SJTU/MorphGrower. Copyright 2024 by the author(s)

关键词： Neurons

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A Comparative Study of Sentiment Analysis Methods for Detecting Fake Reviews in E-Commerce

HighTech and Innovation Journal

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HighTech and Innovation Journal 2023年第2期4卷 349-363页

作者： Puttarattanamanee, Maneerat Boongasame, Laor Thammarak, Karanrat KMITL-Digital Analytics and Intelligence Center Faculty of Science King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang Bangkok10520 Thailand Department of Mathematics Faculty of Science King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang Bangkok10520 Thailand Business Innovation and Investment Laboratory: B2I-Lab School of Science King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang Bangkok10520 Thailand Department of Computer Engineering and Electronics School of Engineering and Technology Walailak University Nakhon Si Thammarat80160 Thailand

The popularity of the e-commerce system has increased, especially under the COVID scenario. Consumer product reviews from the past have had a significant impact on influencing consumers' purchasing decisions. Fake reviews—those written by humans and computers that engage in dishonest behavior—are consequently generated to increase product sales. The fake reviews hurt consumers and are dishonest. The goal of this research is to examine and evaluate the performance of various methods for identifying fake reviews. The well-known and widely-used Amazon Review Data (2018) dataset was used for this research. The first 10 product categories on *** with favorable feedback will be provided in the data section. After that, perform fundamental data preparation procedures such as special character trimming, bag of words, TF-IDF, etc. The models are trained to create a dataset for detecting fake reviews. This research compares the performance of four different models: GPT-2, NBSVM, BiLSTM, and RoBERTa. The hyperparameters of the models are also tuned to find the optimal values. The research concludes that the RoBERTa model performs the best overall, with an accuracy of 97%. GPT-2 has an overall accuracy of 82%, NBSVM has an overall accuracy of 95%, and BiLSTM has an overall accuracy of 92%. The research also calculates the Area Under the Curve (AUC) for each model and finds that RoBERTa has an AUC of 0.9976, NBSVM has an AUC of 0.9888, BiLSTM has an AUC of 0.9753, and GPT-2 has an AUC of 0.9226. It can be observed that the RoBERTa model has the highest AUC value, which is close to 1. Therefore, it can be concluded that this model provides the most accurate prediction for detecting fake reviews, which is the main focus of this research. © 2023, Ital Publication. All rights reserved..

关键词： Fake detection

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