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Committed-programming reductions: formalizations,implications and relations

science China(Information sciences) 2024年第10期67卷 151-171页

作者： Jiang ZHANG Yu YU Dengguo FENG Shuqin FAN Zhenfeng ZHANG State Key Laboratory of Cryptology Department of Computer Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Trusted Computing and Information Assurance Laboratory Institute of SoftwareChinese Academy of Sciences

In this work, we introduce a class of black-box(BB) reductions called committed-programming reduction(CPRed) in the random oracle model(ROM) and obtain the following interesting results:(1) we demonstrate that some well-known schemes, including the full-domain hash(FDH) signature(Eurocrypt1996) and the Boneh-Franklin identity-based encryption(IBE) scheme(Crypto 2001), are provably secure under CPReds;(2) we prove that a CPRed associated with an instance-extraction algorithm implies a reduction in the quantum ROM(QROM). This unifies several recent results, including the security of the Gentry-Peikert-Vaikuntanathan IBE scheme by Zhandry(Crypto 2012) and the key encapsulation mechanism(KEM) variants using the Fujisaki-Okamoto transform by Jiang et al.(Crypto 2018) in the ***, we show that CPReds are incomparable to non-programming reductions(NPReds) and randomly-programming reductions(RPReds) formalized by Fischlin et al.(Asiacrypt 2010).

关键词： provable security random oracle model quantum random oracle model black-box reduction/separation programmability

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AmplitudeArrow: On-the-Go AR Menu Selection Using Consecutive Simple Head Gestures and Amplitude Visualization

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IEEE Transactions on Visualization and computer Graphics 2025年第05期31卷 3408-3417页

作者： Tian, Yang Zhang, Youpeng Yan, Yukang Zhao, Shengdong Ma, Xiaojuan Shi, Yuanchun Guangxi University Department of Computer Science Guangxi Key Laboratory of Multimedia Communications and Network Technology China University of Rochester Department of Computer Science United States City University of Hong Kong School of Creative Media and the Department of Computer Science Hong Kong Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Department of Computer Science and Engineering Hong Kong Tsinghua University Department of Computer Science and Technology China

Heads-up computing aims to provide synergistic digital assistance that minimally interferes with users' on-the-go daily activities. Currently, the input modalities of heads-up computing are mainly voice and finger gestures. In this work, we propose and evaluate the AmplitudeArrow (AA) technique designed for on-the-go AR menu selection to demonstrate that consecutive simple head gestures can also be an effective input modality for heads-up computing. Specifically, AA arranges menu icons into one/two row(s). To select a target icon, the user first makes their head yaw to pre-select the target icon or the column containing it and then makes their head pitch to make the arrow in the target icon expand until the arrow covers the target icon completely, i.e., the pitch amplitude surpasses the selection confirmation threshold. User studies indicated that AA demonstrated robust resistance to walking-caused head perturbation and external factors such as other people/obstacles, delivering high accuracy (error rate © 1995-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Augmented reality

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Large circuit models: opportunities and challenges

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science China(Information sciences) 2024年第10期67卷 25-66页

作者： Lei CHEN Yiqi CHEN Zhufei CHU Wenji FANG Tsung-Yi HO Ru HUANG Yu HUANG Sadaf KHAN Min LI Xingquan LI Yu LI Yun LIANG Jinwei LIU Yi LIU Yibo LIN Guojie LUO Hongyang PAN Zhengyuan SHI Guangyu SUN Dimitrios TSARAS Runsheng WANG Ziyi WANG Xinming WEI Zhiyao XIE Qiang XU Chenhao XUE Junchi YAN Jun YANG Bei YU Mingxuan YUAN Evangeline F.Y.YOUNG Xuan ZENG Haoyi ZHANG Zuodong ZHANG Yuxiang ZHAO Hui-Ling ZHEN Ziyang ZHENG Binwu ZHU Keren ZHU Sunan ZOU Huawei Noah’s Ark Lab School of Integrated Circuits Peking University Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Ningbo University Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Department of Computer Science and Engineering The Chinese University of Hong Kong School of Integrated Circuits Southeast University Huawei HiSilicon Peng Cheng Laboratory School of Computer Science Peking University School of Microelectronics State Key Laboratory of Integrated Chips and System Fudan University School of Artificial Intelligence Shanghai Jiao Tong University

Within the electronic design automation(EDA) domain, artificial intelligence(AI)-driven solutions have emerged as formidable tools, yet they typically augment rather than redefine existing methodologies. These solutions often repurpose deep learning models from other domains, such as vision, text, and graph analytics, applying them to circuit design without tailoring to the unique complexities of electronic circuits. Such an “AI4EDA” approach falls short of achieving a holistic design synthesis and understanding,overlooking the intricate interplay of electrical, logical, and physical facets of circuit data. This study argues for a paradigm shift from AI4EDA towards AI-rooted EDA from the ground up, integrating AI at the core of the design process. Pivotal to this vision is the development of a multimodal circuit representation learning technique, poised to provide a comprehensive understanding by harmonizing and extracting insights from varied data sources, such as functional specifications, register-transfer level(RTL) designs, circuit netlists,and physical layouts. We champion the creation of large circuit models(LCMs) that are inherently multimodal, crafted to decode and express the rich semantics and structures of circuit data, thus fostering more resilient, efficient, and inventive design methodologies. Embracing this AI-rooted philosophy, we foresee a trajectory that transcends the current innovation plateau in EDA, igniting a profound “shift-left” in electronic design methodology. The envisioned advancements herald not just an evolution of existing EDA tools but a revolution, giving rise to novel instruments of design-tools that promise to radically enhance design productivity and inaugurate a new epoch where the optimization of circuit performance, power, and area(PPA) is achieved not incrementally, but through leaps that redefine the benchmarks of electronic systems' capabilities.

关键词： AI-rooted EDA large circuit models (LCMs) multimodal circuit representation learning circuit optimization

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Outlier Detection in Streaming Data Using Deep Learning Models

Outlier Detection in Streaming Data Using Deep Learning Mode...

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2024 International Conference on Smart Electronics and Communication Systems, ISENSE 2024

作者： Dudipala, Samagnya Gangavarapu, Shalini Girish, K.K. Bhowmik, Biswajit National Institute of Technology Karnataka Surathkal Ishwarchandra Vidyasagar AIT Lab BRICS Lab Department of Computer Science and Engineering Mangalore India

ISBN: (纸本)9798331528126

In the realm of the Internet of Things (IoT), devices continuously generate a vast and relentless stream of data, providing a real-time representation of digital landscape. The continuous and high-velocity nature of this streaming data poses significant challenges for real-time analysis. Accurate outlier detection within this data is essential, as such anomalies may indicate critical issues, attacks, or errors. Nevertheless, the dynamic and rapidly evolving characteristics of streaming data render traditional outlier detection methods inadequate. This paper investigates the application of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), specifically a Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP), for outlier detection in streaming IoT data. The selection of the MLP from a range of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) is based on its optimal balance between computational efficiency and model complexity. The model's efficacy is confirmed through rigorous experimentation, demonstrating strong performance across diverse scenarios and data classes. The MLP achieved an accuracy of 99.4%, underscoring its ability to detect even minor deviations from expected patterns. This high level of accuracy establishes the MLP as a robust tool for outlier detection in dynamic IoT environments. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Data streams

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How far are we to GPT-4V?Closing the gap to commercial multimodal models with open-source suites

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science China(Information sciences) 2024年第12期67卷 5-22页

作者： Zhe CHEN Weiyun WANG Hao TIAN Shenglong YE Zhangwei GAO Erfei CUI Wenwen TONG Kongzhi HU Jiapeng LUO Zheng MA Ji MA Jiaqi WANG Xiaoyi DONG Hang YAN Hewei GUO Conghui HE Botian SHI Zhenjiang JIN Chao XU Bin WANG Xingjian WEI Wei LI Wenjian ZHANG Bo ZHANG Pinlong CAI Licheng WEN Xiangchao YAN Min DOU Lewei LU Xizhou ZHU Tong LU Dahua LIN Yu QIAO Jifeng DAI Wenhai WANG State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology Nanjing University Shanghai AI Laboratory School of Computer Science Fudan University SenseTime Research Department of Information Engineering The Chinese University of Hong Kong Department of Electronic Engineering Tsinghua University

In this paper, we introduce InternVL 1.5, an open-source multimodal large language model(MLLM) to bridge the capability gap between open-source and proprietary commercial models in multimodal understanding. We introduce three simple improvements.(1) Strong vision encoder: we explored a continuous learning strategy for the large-scale vision foundation model — InternViT-6B, boosting its visual understanding capabilities, and making it can be transferred and reused in different LLMs.(2) Dynamic high-resolution: we divide images into tiles ranging from 1 to 40 of 448×448 pixels according to the aspect ratio and resolution of the input images, which supports up to 4K resolution input.(3) High-quality bilingual dataset: we carefully collected a high-quality bilingual dataset that covers common scenes, document images,and annotated them with English and Chinese question-answer pairs, significantly enhancing performance in optical character recognition(OCR) and Chinese-related tasks. We evaluate InternVL 1.5 through a series of benchmarks and comparative studies. Compared to both open-source and proprietary commercial models, InternVL 1.5 shows competitive performance, achieving state-of-the-art results in 8 of 18 multimodal benchmarks. Code and models are available at https://***/OpenGVLab/InternVL.

关键词： multimodal model open-source vision encoder dynamic resolution bilingual dataset

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LR-Based Performance Evaluation of MoCs 4

LR-Based Performance Evaluation of MoCs

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4th IEEE International Conference on VLSI Systems, Architecture, Technology and Applications, VLSI SATA 2024

作者： Hazarika, Pallabi Bhowmik, Biswajit National Institute Of Technology Karnataka Swami Vivekananda NoC Lab Brics Lab Department Of Computer Science And Engineering Mangalore Surathkal575025 India

ISBN: (纸本)9798350362268

In the recent decade, on-chip communication net-works have developed into a potent platform for tackling chal-lenging and significant computation issues. However, many applications cannot achieve high-performance communication needs due to the seamless integration of computing cores in systems-on-chip (SoCs). Subsequently, a network-on-chip (NoC) has emerged as a prominent on-chip communication infrastructure in SoCs. Performance analysis of NoC's is essential for its architectural design and is traditionally evaluated employing a simulator. How-ever, simulation-based performance evaluation is relatively slow and may take a long time with varying architectural NoC sizes. This paper presents an AI-based approach for investigating mesh-based NoC (MoC) performance over the traditional simulation-based performance evaluation. The proposed framework targets to reach two objectives- quickly and accurately evaluation of various NoC performance metrics. Simulations are performed at varying architectural setups on a set of mesh NoCs to generate the training dataset for the proposed framework. Consequently, the framework satisfactorily predicts different performance metrics. For example, network and packet latency;hop count;switch, channel, and total power consumption;and total area are in the range of 58.14-88.49 and 58.69-106.97 cycles;6.231-6.257;1.44-13.02, 13.73-129.06, and 25.26- 177.44 μ W;and 1.35874 μ m2, respectively while the proposed framework is applied on the 9 x 9 mesh NoC. The metrics are with 94% accuracy and predicted at very significantly less time. The LR model saves 99.45 % evaluation time resulting in the speedup of 260 x than a simulation - based method. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Network-on-chip

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Money Laundering Detection in Banking Transactions using RNNs and Hybrid Ensemble 15

Money Laundering Detection in Banking Transactions using RNN...

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15th International Conference on Computing Communication and Networking Technologies, ICCCNT 2024

作者： Girish, K.K. Bhowmik, Biswajit National Institute of Technology Karnataka Ishwarchandra Vidyasagar Ait Lab Brics Lab Department of Computer Science and Engineering Mangalore Surathkal India

ISBN: (纸本)9798350370249

The financial sector has witnessed significant transformations due to the emergence of financial technology (FinTech), transitioning from traditional paperbased processes to a dynamic digital ecosystem. Despite the industry's advancements driven by FinTech innovations, concerns persist, particularly regarding financial fraud, notably money laundering. Perpetrators exploit modern technologies to launder illicitly obtained funds, posing a global threat to economies. Effective detection mechanisms for money laundering are crucial. This paper introduces a novel approach utilizing a recurrent neural network (RNN) for detecting money laundering in banking transactions. The proposed framework exercises standalone RNN models such as LSTM, GRU, BiLSTM, and stacked RNN models for the detection. Additionally, the effectiveness of hybrid ensemble models combining RNNs with XGBoosts is investigated. The evaluation achieves standard performance metrics, with the stacked RNN model achieving 92% accuracy. Surpassing it, the ensemble model achieves an impressive 95%. These results underscore the superiority of hybrid ensemble models over standalone RNNs, particularly in accurately detecting money laundering activities. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Banking Deep Learning FinTech Fraud Detection Money Laundering Recurrent Neural Network

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Intelligent Fraud Detection Techniques in Credit Card and Internet Banking 3

Intelligent Fraud Detection Techniques in Credit Card and In...

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3rd International Conference on Communication, Control, and Intelligent Systems, CCIS 2024

作者： Goudar, Santosh Iranagouda Bhowmik, Biswajit National Institute of Technology Karnataka Ishwarchandra Vidyasagar Ait Lab Brics Lab Department of Computer Science and Engineering Surathkal Mangalore India

ISBN: (纸本)9798331528201

In an era where financial services are easily accessible, financial fraud has emerged as a widespread threat, aimed at unlawfully seizing assets from individuals, businesses, and institutions. Crimes like credit card and internet banking fraud present serious risks to the financial ecosystem. Criminals exploit card information using techniques such as identity theft, skimming, and phishing, causing substantial economic losses each year. Similarly, the rise of internet banking fraud, where unauthorized access to accounts often results from weaknesses in authentication systems, has further disrupted the financial sector. Detecting such fraudulent activities is especially difficult due to the ever-changing tactics of perpetrators, the large volume of transaction data, and technical challenges like data imbalance and concept drift. This paper examines the landscape of financial fraud, with a specific emphasis on credit card and internet banking fraud. It begins by providing an overview of the issue and its impact on the modern economic environment, followed by an exploration of various fraud detection methods. Additionally, the paper addresses key challenges in fraud detection and highlights the need for innovative approaches to effectively combat the growing threat of financial crime. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Phishing

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Orbit-Orbit Interaction in Spatiotemporal Optical Vortex

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engineering 2025年第2期45卷 44-51页

作者： Jian Chen Jie Zhao Xi Shen Dewei Mo Cheng-Wei Qiu Qiwen Zhan School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghai 200093China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System University of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghai 200093China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of SingaporeSingapore 117583Singapore

While spin-orbit interaction has been extensively studied,few investigations have reported on the interaction between orbital angular momenta(OAMs).In this work,we study a new type of orbit-orbit coupling between the longitudinal OAM and the transverse OAM carried by a three-dimensional(3D)spatiotemporal optical vortex(STOV)in the process of tight *** 3D STOV possesses orthogonal OAMs in the x-y,t-x,and y-t planes,and is preconditioned to overcome the spatiotemporal astigmatism effect.x,y,and t are the axes in the spatiotemporal *** corresponding focused wavepacket is calculated by employing the Debye diffraction theory,showing that a phase singularity ring is generated by the interactions among the transverse and longitudinal vortices in the highly confined *** Fourier-transform decomposition of the Debye integral is employed to analyze the mechanism of the orbit-orbit *** is the first revelation of coupling between the longitudinal OAM and the transverse OAM,paving the way for potential applications in optical trapping,laser machining,nonlinear light-matter interactions,and more.

关键词： Spatiotemporal optical vortex Orbital angular momentum Momentum interaction Highly confined wavepacket Diffraction

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Quantum-Enhanced Deep Q Learning with Parametrized Quantum Circuit 4

Quantum-Enhanced Deep Q Learning with Parametrized Quantum C...

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4th IEEE International Conference on VLSI Systems, Architecture, Technology and Applications, VLSI SATA 2024

作者： Manjunath, T.D. Bhowmik, Biswajit National Institute Of Technology Karnataka Maharshi Kanad Qc Lab Brics Lab Department Of Computer Science And Engineering Mangalore Surathkal575025 India

ISBN: (数字)9798350362268

ISBN: (纸本)9798350362268

Quantum Computing (QC) is fastly growing to replace current computing systems for many high-performance applications. Due to the rapid increase of computational power, machine learning models based on artificial neural networks (ANN) have become highly effective. Even though classical machine learning models have been performing well, quantum computing with machine learning, i.e., Quantum Machine Learning (QML), will enhance the performance in multiple ways. Subsequently, Deep Q learning is a prominent approach to reinforcement learning used in solving complex applications for a desired performance. But this performance can be improved using a quantum computer. This paper proposes a quantum-enhanced Deep Q Learning algorithm to see its advantages over its classical counterparts. We implement our approach using parametrized quantum circuit (PQC). The evaluation of the proposed method achieves the metrics rewards and episodes up to 500 points and 1200, respectively. The performance shows that it collects roughly four times more rewards in a given time and takes significantly fewer episodes to converge compared to the classical approach. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Reinforcement learning

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