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arXiv 2018年

作者： Foster, David Kind, Charles Ackerman, Paul J. Tai, Jung-Shen B. Dennis, Mark R. Smalyukh, Ivan I. H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory University of Bristol BristolBS8 1TL United Kingdom School of Mathematics University of Bristol BristolBS8 1TW United Kingdom Department of Physics and Soft Materials Research Center University of Colorado BoulderCO80309 United States School of Physics and Astronomy University of Birmingham BirminghamB12 2TT United Kingdom Department of Electrical Computer and Energy Engineering Materials Science and Engineering Program University of Colorado BoulderCO80309 United States Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute National Renewable Energy Laboratory and University of Colorado BoulderCO80309 United States

Skyrmions are particle-like topological excitations, studied in various condensed matter systems and models of high-energy physics (HEP). They occur as stable spin textures in certain planar magnetic materials [1-4] and as configurations in chiral nematic liquid crystals [5], having been originally proposed as model of atomic nuclei [10]. Since magnetic Skyrmions can be accelerated with a current [6-8], they have the potential to encode bits in low-power magnetic storage devices [9]. Drawing on techniques from HEP, we demonstrate that magnetic and liquid crystal Skyrmions interact like orientation dependent, localised particles, explaining previously observed Skyrmion behaviour. This interaction motivates the construction of Skyrmion bags: Textures of high topological degree which we realise experimentally in liquid crystals, and in magnetic materials by computer simulations. These Skyrmion bags configurations are nested multiple Skyrmions, which act like single Skyrmions in pairwise interaction, and under the inuence of a current in magnetic materials. These results emphasize equivalent Skyrmion behaviour in different physical systems, and suggest new, high-density magnetic memory storage devices based on Skyrmion bags. Copyright © 2018, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Magnetic storage

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Superconductor-insulator transition driven by pressure-tuned intergrain coupling in nanodiamond films

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Physical Review Materials 2019年第3期3卷 034801-034801页

作者： Gufei Zhang Yonghui Zhou Svetlana Korneychuk Tomas Samuely Liwang Liu Paul W. May Zheng Xu Oleksandr Onufriienko Xuefeng Zhang Johan Verbeeck Peter Samuely Victor V. Moshchalkov Zhaorong Yang Horst-Günter Rubahn NanoSYD Mads Clausen Institute and DIAS Danish Institute for Advanced Study University of Southern Denmark Alsion 2 DK-6400 Sonderborg Denmark Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions High Magnetic Field Laboratory Chinese Academy of Sciences Hefei 230031 China EMAT University of Antwerp Groenenborgerlaan 171 B-2020 Antwerp Belgium Centre of Low Temperature Physics Institute of Experimental Physics Slovak Academy of Sciences & Faculty of Science P. J. Safarik University Kosice Slovakia Laboratory for Soft Matter and Biophysics Department of Physics and Astronomy KU Leuven B-3001 Heverlee Belgium School of Chemistry University of Bristol Bristol BS8 1TS United Kingdom School of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California Davis California 95616 USA Innovative Center for Advanced Materials Hangzhou Dianzi University 310012 Hangzhou China Institute for Nanoscale Physics and Chemistry KU Leuven B-3001 Heverlee Belgium Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology Anhui University Hefei 230601 China

We report on the pressure-driven superconductor-insulator transition in heavily boron-doped nanodiamond films. By systematically increasing the pressure, we suppress the Josephson coupling between the superconducting nanodiamond grains. The diminished intergrain coupling gives rise to an overall insulating state in the films, which is interpreted in the framework of a parallel-series circuit model to be the result of bosonic insulators with preserved localized intragrain superconducting order parameters. Our investigation opens up perspectives for the application of high pressure in research on quantum confinement and coherence. Our data unveil the percolative nature of the electrical transport in nanodiamond films, and highlight the essential role of grain boundaries in determining the electronic properties of this material.

关键词： Density of states electrical properties Localization Nanocrystals Order parameters Percolation Phase transitions Structural properties Superconducting order parameter Superconducting phase transition Superconductivity Transport phenomena

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Cellular non-nonlinear network model of microbial fuel cell

arXiv

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arXiv 2017年

作者： Tsompanas, Michail-Antisthenis Adamatzky, Andrew Ieropoulos, Ioannis Phillips, Neil Sirakoulis, Georgios Ch. Greenman, John Unconventional Computing Centre University of the West of England BristolBS16 1QY United Kingdom Bristol BioEnergy Centre University of the West of England BristolBS16 1QY United Kingdom Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Democritus University of Thrace Xanthi67100 Greece

A cellular non-linear network (CNN) is a uniform regular array of locally connected continuous-state machines, or nodes, which update their states simultaneously in discrete time. A microbial fuel cell (MFC) is an electro-chemical reactor using the metabolism of bacteria to drive an electrical current. In a CNN model of the MFC, each node takes a vector of states which represent geometrical characteristics of the cell, like the electrodes or impermeable borders, and quantify measurable properties like bacterial population, charges produced and hydrogen ions concentrations. The model allows the study of integral reaction of the MFC, including temporal outputs, to spatial disturbances of the bacterial population and supply of nutrients. The model can also be used to evaluate inhomogeneous configurations of bacterial populations attached on the electrode biofilms. Copyright © 2017, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Microbial fuel cells

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Towards implementation of cellular automata in microbial fuel cells

arXiv

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arXiv 2017年

作者： Tsompanas, Michail-Antisthenis Adamatzky, Andrew Sirakoulis, Georgios Ch. Greenman, John Ieropoulos, Ioannis Unconventional Computing Centre University of the West of England BristolBS16 1QY United Kingdom Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Democritus University of Thrace Xanthi67100 Greece Bristol BioEnergy Centre University of the West of England BristolBS16 1QY United Kingdom

The Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) is a bio-electrochemical transducer converting waste products into electricity using microbial communities. Cellular Automaton (CA) is a uniform array of finite-state machines that update their states in discrete time depending on states of their closest neighbors by the same rule. Arrays of MFCs could, in principle, act as massive-parallel computing devices with local connectivity between elementary processors. We provide a theoretical design of such a parallel processor by implementing CA in MFCs. We have chosen Conway's Game of Life as the 'benchmark' CA because this is the most popular CA which also exhibits an enormously rich spectrum of patterns. Each cell of the Game of Life CA is realized using two MFCs. The MFCs are linked electrically and hydraulically. The model is verified via simulation of an electrical circuit demonstrating equivalent behaviors. The design is a first step towards future implementations of fully autonomous biological computing devices with massive parallelism. The energy independence of such devices counteracts their somewhat slow transitions - compared to silicon circuitry - between the different states during computation. Copyright © 2017, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Cellular automata

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Superconducting density of states in B-doped diamond

Superconducting density of states in B-doped diamond

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作者： Onufriienko, O. Samuely, T. Zhang, G. Vanacken, J. Xu, Zheng May, P.W. Szabó, P. Moshchalkov, V.V. Samuely, P. Centre of Low Temperature Physics Institute of Experimental Physics Slovak Academy of Sciences Watsonova 47 Košice040 01 Slovakia Faculty of Science P.J. Šafárik University Košice040 01 Slovakia INPAC-Institute for Nanoscale Physics and Chemistry KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200D HeverleeB-3001 Belgium School of Electrical Computer and Energy Engineering Arizona State University TempeAZ85281 United States School of Chemistry University of Bristol BristolBS8 1TS United Kingdom

In the presented work, we investigated the superconducting boron doped diamond polycrystalline film prepared by chemical vapor deposition by means of scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy. Differential conductance spectra measured at various temperatures were used to obtain the values of superconducting critical temperature and energy gap. Comparing various theoretical models fitted to the differential conductance spectra measured at 0.5 K suggests weak pair breaking. However, this cannot account for the high 2-kBTC ratio, which therefore indicates strong coupling.

关键词： Chemical vapor deposition

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Relative multiplexing for minimizing switching in linear-optical quantum computing

arXiv

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arXiv 2017年

作者： Gimeno-Segovia, Mercedes Cable, Hugo Mendoza, Gabriel J. Shadbolt, Pete Silverstone, Joshua W. Carolan, Jacques Thompson, Mark G. O’Brien, Jeremy L. Rudolph, Terry Quantum Engineering Technology Labs H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering University of Bristol BS8 1FD United Kingdom Institute for Quantum Science and Technology University of Calgary ABT2N 1N4 Canada Department of Physics Imperial College London LondonSW7 2AZ United Kingdom Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States

Many existing schemes for linear-optical quantum computing (LOQC) depend on multiplexing (MUX), which uses dynamic routing to enable near-deterministic gates and sources to be constructed using heralded, probabilistic primitives. MUXing accounts for the overwhelming majority of active switching demands in current LOQC architectures. In this manuscript we introduce relative multiplexing (RMUX), a general-purpose optimisation which can dramatically reduce the active switching requirements for MUX in LOQC, and thereby reduce hardware complexity and energy consumption, as well as relaxing demands on performance for various photonic components. We discuss the application of RMUX to the generation of entangled states from probabilistic single-photon sources, and argue that an order of magnitude improvement in the rate of generation of Bell states can be achieved. In addition, we apply RMUX to the proposal for percolation of a 3D cluster state in [PRL 115, 020502 (2015)], and we find that RMUX allows an 2.4x increase in loss tolerance for this architecture. Copyright © 2017, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Energy utilization

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Cellular automata applications in shortest path problem

arXiv

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arXiv 2017年

作者： Tsompanas, Michail-Antisthenis I. Dourvas, Nikolaos I. Ioannidis, Konstantinos Sirakoulis, Georgios Ch. Hoffmann, Rolf Adamatzky, Andrew University of the West of England BristolBS16 1QY United Kingdom Laboratory of Electronics Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Democritus University of Thrace XanthiGR67100 Greece Information Technologies Institute Centre for Research and Technology Hellas 6th km CharilaouThermi Road Thermi Thessaloniki57001 Greece Department of Computer Science Technical University of Darmstadt Hochschulstrae 10 DarmstadtD-64289 Germany

Cellular Automata (CAs) are computational models that can capture the essential features of systems in which global behavior emerges from the collective effect of simple components, which interact locally. During the last decades, CAs have been extensively used for mimicking several natural processes and systems to find fine solutions in many complex hard to solve computer science and engineering problems. Among them, the shortest path problem is one of the most pronounced and highly studied problems that scientists have been trying to tackle by using a plethora of methodologies and even unconventional approaches. The proposed solutions are mainly justified by their ability to provide a correct solution in a better time complexity than the renowned Dijkstra's algorithm. Although there is a wide variety regarding the algorithmic complexity of the algorithms suggested, spanning from simplistic graph traversal algorithms to complex nature inspired and bio-mimicking algorithms, in this chapter we focus on the successful application of CAs to shortest path problem as found in various diverse disciplines like computer science, swarm robotics, computer networks, decision science and biomimicking of biological organisms' behaviour. In particular, an introduction on the first CA-based algorithm tackling the shortest path problem is provided in detail. After the short presentation of shortest path algorithms arriving from the relaxization of the CAs principles, the application of the CA-based shortest path definition on the coordinated motion of swarm robotics is also introduced. Moreover, the CA based application of shortest path finding in computer networks is presented in brief. Finally, a CA that models exactly the behavior of a biological organism, namely the Physarum's behavior, finding the minimum-length path between two points in a labyrinth is given. The CA-based model results are found in very good agreement with the computation results produced by the in-vivo exper

关键词： Cellular automata

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From non-local measurements to photon-photon interactions

From non-local measurements to photon-photon interactions

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Quantum Information and Measurement, QIM 2017

作者： Brodutch, Aharon Cohen, Eliahu Center for Quantum Information and Quantum Control University of Toronto 60 St George Street TorontoONM5S 1A7 Canada The Edward S. Rogers Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Toronto 60 St George Street TorontoONM5S 1A7 Canada Institute for Optical Sciences Department of Physics University of Toronto 60 St George Street TorontoONM5S 1A7 Canada H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory University of Bristol Tyndall Avenue BristolBS8 1TL United Kingdom

We present a scheme to generate an effective interaction Hamiltonian for systems that cannot interact directly and show how it can be used in scenarios such as non-local measurements and photon-photon interactions. &#... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781943580262

关键词： Hamiltonians

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Modelling and control for bounded synchronization in multi-terminal VSC-HVDC transmission networks

Modelling and control for bounded synchronization in multi-t...

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作者： Doria-Cerezo, Arnau Olm, Josep M. Di Bernardo, Mario Nuno, Emmanuel Department of Electrical Engineering Institute of Industrial and Control Engineering Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya Barcelona08028 Spain Department of Mathematics Institute of Industrial and Control Engineering Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya Barcelona08028 Spain Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technologies University of Naples Federico II Naples80125 Italy Department of Engineering Mathematics University of Bristol BristolBS8 1UB United Kingdom Department of Computer Science CUCEI University of Guadalajara Guadalajara44430 Mexico

The extension and size of the power grid is expected to increase in the near future. Managing such a system presents challenging control problems that, so far, have been approached with classical control techniques. However, large scale systems of interconnected nodes fall within the framework of the emerging field of complex networks. This paper models multi-terminal VSC-HVDC systems as a complex dynamical network, and derives conditions ensuring bounded synchronization of its trajectories for a family of controllers. The obtained results are validated via numerical simulations. © 2004-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Synchronization

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Solar Desalination: High Solar Desalination Efficiency Achieved with 3D Cu2ZnSnS4Nanosheet-Assembled Membranes (Adv. Sustainable Syst. 10/2017)

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Advanced Sustainable Systems 2017年第10期1卷

作者： Chunhong Mu Yuanqiang Song Kai Deng Shuai Lin Yutie Bi Fabrizio Scarpa David Crouse School of Energy Science and Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China 610054 Chengdu P. R. China Fundamental Science on Nuclear Wastes and Environmental Safety Laboratory Southwest University of Science and Technology 621010 Mianyang P. R. China Bristol Centre for Nanoscience and Quantum Information University of Bristol BS8 1TR Bristol UK Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Clarkson Universit NY 13699 USA

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