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AUXILIARY SHIP HULL FORM DESIGN AND RESISTANCE PREDICTION

NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1988年第3期100卷 275-292页

作者： FUNG, SC The author is a naval architect with the Preliminary Design Division of the Naval Sea Systems Command. Mr. Fung graduated from National Cheng Kung University in 1976 and Stevens Institute of Technology in 1977 from which he received his B.S. degree in naval architecture and marine engineering and M.S. degree in ocean engineering respectively. He started his career with M. Rosenblatt and Son in 1979 and became a senior naval architect with the Hull Form & Hydrodynamics Department in Designers and Planners in 1981. For the past ten years Mr. Fung has performed a variety of tasks in the area of feasibility study hydrodynamic design including advanced marine vehicles bulbous bows and hull form design for surface combatant and non-combatant ships. Currently he is a project naval architect for the T-AO twin skeg integrated hull design and the AE-36 Energy Enhancement Program. Mr. Fung is a member of ASE ASNE and SNAME. He received the John C. Niedermair A ward in 1984 and 1986 for the best paper presented at the ASE annual technical symposiums.

In this paper 154 auxiliary type monohull designs are analyzed for guidance on how to select the appropriate hull form parameters, particularly with regard to the effects of hull section shapes, sectional area and design waterline curves on ship resistance. This paper also discusses the resistance predictions based on (1) the statistical approach and (2) the use of series model test data (such as Taylor's standard series) and associated “worm curve factors” with the help of data management software.

关键词： SHIPS

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HYDRODYNAMIC EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENTS FOR UNITED-STATES NAVY SHIPS

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1991年第3期103卷 74-90页

作者： MCCALLUM, D ENGLE, AH PLATZER, GP KARAFIATH, G Donald McCallumis a supervisory naval architect in the Auxiliary Amphibious and Mine Warfare Ship Hydrodynamics Branch of the Naval Sea Systems Command. He has worked in ship design in his native Scotland before coming to the United States via Canada. Mr. McCallum has a M.Sc. degree from the University of Michigan and a B.Sc. from Strathclyde University (Glasgow). He is a member of SNAME ASNE and ASE. Allen H. Engleis a naval architect with the Hull Form and Hydrodynamic Performance Division of the Naval Sea Systems Command (NavSea). He received his B.S. degree in engineering science from the State University of New York at Buffalo in 1977 and his M.S. degree in ocean engineering from the University of Hawaii in 1979. Since 1980 he has worked for NavSea where he has been assigned to the Philadelphia Naval Shipyard SupShip Seattle and the U.S. Naval Academy Hydromechanics Laboratory. Selected as NavSea's Engineer of the Year for 1989 Mr. Engle is currently the program director for the Navy's Hydrodynamic Loads Technology Development Program. Prior to his current assignment Mr. Engle was technical director of the Navy's Ship Efficiency Improvement Program and task leader for hydrodynamic design for the LHD-5 AO-177 (Jumbo) AE-36 LSD-41 and FFX ship designs. Mr. Engle is a member of both ASNE and SNAME. Gregory Platzeris currently employed with Arneson Marine Inc. As manager of applications engineering Mr. Platzer is responsible for the development of propulsion specifications for articulated surface drive units matched to high-speed partially submerged propellers. Prior to November 1990 Mr. Platzer was the head of the Surface Ship Propeller Branch at the Naval Sea Systems Command. He had worked for the Navy in the field of propulsor analysis since 1977 initially at the David Taylor Research Center. Mr. Platzer graduated in 1977 from the University of Michigan with a B.S. degree in naval architecture. Gabor Karafiathis a member of the Ship Hydromechanics Department at the David Taylor Research Center.

This paper reports on an investigation of the applicability of recent hull efficiency improvement concepts to U.S. Navy ships. Among the concepts investigated were stern flaps, Grim Wheels, alternate aftbody configurations, bulbous bows, and flow modifying ducts. Extensive model testing was conducted at the David Taylor Research Center (DTRC) for each concept, and care was taken to check out critical propeller cavitation and noise aspects associated with the investigation of alternate stern configurations and Grim Wheel concepts. A guiding principle in this program was to utilize the expertise available both here and abroad so that each design concept would have the greatest chance of success. As a result of these investigations, significant gains in fuel economy were obtained. Specifically, full scale trials of FFG-25 (USS Copeland), equipped with and without a stern flap, demonstrated that fuel savings of 5-9% are achieved at speeds above 12 knots. In addition, fuel savings of 9.4% for T-AGS 39 equipped with a Grim Wheel and 5.6% for the combination of a large bulbous bow and a large diameter/low RPM propeller on AE-36 have been predicted. The paper concludes with a direction for future applications to U.S. Navy, and other ships.

关键词： Warships

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HYDRODYNAMIC EVALUATION OF HULL FORMS WITH PODDED PROPULSORS

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1989年第3期101卷 197-206页

作者： CHENG, BH DEAN, JS MILLER, RW CAVE, WL Bill H. Cheng:is a physical scientist in the Numerical Fluid Dynamics Branch Computation Mathematics and Logistics Department David Taylor Research Center (DTRC) Bethesda MD. Since joining DTRC in 1981 he has been the project leader for the XYZ Free Surface (XYZFS) Program. He received a B.S. in mechanical engineering from the National Taiwan University and a M.A.Sc. in mechanical engineering from the University of British Columbia and a S.M. degree in oceanography and meteorology from Harvard University. Mr. Cheng is a registered professional engineer in the Commonwealth of Virginia and a member of American Society of Mechanical Engineers and Sigma Xi. His experience in fluid dynamics has included theory experiments and computations. He has been the author and coauthor of numerous technical reports and papers. Janet S. Dean:is a mathematician in the Numerical Fluid Dynamics Branch DTRC. She attended the College of William and Mary and received her B.S. degree in mathematics from The George Washington University. Mrs. Dean assisted Charles Dawson in the development of the original XYZFS Program. She has worked on improving and extending the capabilities of XYZFS and on the application of supercomputers to fluid dynamics problems. Ronald W. Miller:is a mechanical engineer in the Numerical Fluid Dynamics Branch DTRC. He received his B.A. degree in mathematics from the University of Maryland—Baltimore County Campus in 1984 and his M.S. in ocean and marine engineering from The George Washington University in 1988. Mr. Miller is responsible for the preparation of hull geometry data used in ship hydrodynamic analysis computer codes and the graphical visualization of output from such codes. William L. Cave III:graduated from Stevens Institute of Technology in 1986 with a B.E. degree in ocean engineering. He is currently a naval architect in the Design Evaluation Branch Ship Hydromechanics Department DTRC. He has been involved with model testing and evaluation of the CV-41 FFG-7 class USNSHayesCG-47 class

A computational capability has been developed to predict and visualize the flow about podded propulsors appended to the 154-foot transom stern research vessel, R/V Athena . The computer generation of a complex geometric model for the hull and appendages is an important part of this new capability. The flow field is computed using a free surface potential flow method. The steady flow induced by the propulsor is simulated by an idealized propeller model (actuator disk). The upstream effects of an actuator disk are examined and results are compared to the case without an actuator disk. Computed results for the inflow to the propeller disk are presented as velocity vector plots and contour plots. Harmonic analyses are performed on the computed velocity components. The numerical results can be used in conjunction with experiments performed at DTRC to aid in the design of podded propulsors. These flow studies are used to examine the proper alignment of the pod/strut system with the aim of obtaining the optimal flow into the propeller. The combined numerical and experimental approach is shown to be an efficient way to evaluate complex hull forms with podded propulsors. This powerful design approach can be used for future Navy ship designs.

关键词： Ships

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Arsenal ship program certification plan

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1998年第1期110卷 249-261页

作者： Arntson, S Lind, W Turner, JJ Blaiklock, WC Tedesco, M Stephen G. Arntson is an independent consultant. A degree Naval Architect he has over 38 years of experience in the design construction and maintenance of surface ships. His experience includes 28 yeus with the Naval Sea Systems Command Naval Ship Engineering Centerl Bureau of Ships specializing in the structural design of Naval surface ships and 7 years with ABS Specializing in the application of commercial ship design practices. Most recently he worked with both NASSCO and ABS MZ the Arsenal Ship Program. Steve was very active with the Ships Structure Committee in developing R&D programs for ship structure and he is a member of the ASNE Journal Committee. Steve received a BS in Mechanical Engineering (Naval Architecture Option) from Virginia Polytechnic Institute in 1964. He is a member of the ASNE TAU BETA PI PI TAU SIGMA and PHI KAPPA PHI. William 1. Lind joined ABS in 1992 after ten years with Sparkman and Stephens Inc. He is currently ABS Amekas Manager of Engineering jm New Orleans and Cleveland. Both ofices conduct plan reviews for militavy commercial and private marine craft fm self-propelled vessels under 300 feet in length and bargus unlimited in length. As Vice-Chaimn ojthe Western Rivers Technical Committee Great Lakes Technical Committee and the Small Vessel Committee Bill participated in the writing of the 1997 ABS Guide for Building and Classing High Speed Craft and the 1997 ABS Rules for Building and Classing Steel Vessels Under 9OM. Bill received an MBA from Florida Atlantic University in 1995 a BS in Mechanical Engineering from New York Institute of Technology in 1986 and a BA in Histoy from Colgate University in 1976. He is Chaimn of SNAME HS-9 Composite Panel Testing & Fire Protection and a member of ASNE. John J. Turner is Senior Vice President of SYNTEK Technologies Inc. in Arlington Virginia. SYNTEK specializes in activities of a highly technical nature supporting both industry and government in domestic and international markets. He is a registered Professional Engineer

The Defense Advanced Research Project Agency (DARPA), in conjunction with the U.S. Navy, initiated a research program for the design and construction of a distinctive warship for the 21st century known as the Arsenal Ship. By using an innovative development and acquisition approach it was hoped to streamline the procurement process and reduce costs. In an environment where budgets are being cut, both industry and Government were challenged to develop, design, and produce the innovative ship and related mission systems to meet specific performance capabilities within strict affordability constraints. A key element of this innovative acquisition approach was a new certification scheme designed to replace the traditional test and evaluation (T&E) and acceptance process. The purpose of this paper is to describe the development of the certification plan during Phase LI of the Arsenal Ship program by the American Bureau of Shipping and the contending Shipyard teams, and to discuss the potential benefits of this alternative certification approach. Although the Arsenal Ship program was canceled late in 1997, insight derived from the exploration of new certification concepts could benefit future design and building programs.

关键词： Warships

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APPLICATION OF ALTERNATE CARGO PUMPING SYSTEMS IN NAVAL AUXILIARY SHIP DESIGNS

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1986年第3期98卷 43-57页

作者： ISAACSON, AD KRON, JJ Alfred D. Isaacsonreceived his bachelor's degree in mechanical engineering at the College of the City of New York. For thirteen years he worked in several disciplines of marine and mechanical engineering in the Design Division of the New York Naval Shipyard prior to its closing. He then experienced eight years in the aerospace industry developing ground support equipment for the lunar module space shuttle and various other space and aircraft programs at Grumman Aerospace Corporation. Mr. Isaacson is currently employed as a senior project engineer at M. Rosenblatt & Son Inc. where he has held the position of marine engineering manager for eleven years. His work has encompassed a variety of engineering tasks including research development design installation tests and ships trials of commercial and government vessels. He is a registered professional engineer in the state of New York and is a member of ASNE and SNAME. Mr. Isaacson has served on the SNAME T & R Steering Committee. He has authored five technical papers presented at two SNAME section meetings the Offshore Technology Conference an Institute of Marine Engineers seminar and at the SNAME Maritime Inovations Symposium. John J. Kron Jr.received a bachelor's and a master's degree in mechanical and ocean engineering respectivley from Stevens Institute of Technology. After working for 2 years in industrial manufacturing he has been employed with M. Rosenblatt & Son Inc. for the past 7 years. In addition to a variety of engineering tasks for commercial and government ships he has worked on numerous product crude and chemical tankers particularly in the area of cargo ballast and related systems. This has included the building of two chemical tankers in the Far East one in Japan and one in Korea. Mr. Kron also participated in the contract design of the T-AO 187 class fleet oilers. Mr. Kron is a licensed professional engineer in the state of New Jersey. He has coauthored two previous technical papers on similar subjects which were presented at an Inst

The design of liquid cargo pumping systems for Navy auxiliary ships can benefit from application of modern commercial tanker practices which have evolved in recent years. Navy auxiliaries, which are outfitted for underway replenishment, traditionally have at least one pumproom and the designs are based upon a conventional pumproom type cargo system with horizontal or vertical centrifugal cargo pumps. Each cargo tank has a dedicated suction line leading to the cargo pumps. Latest commercial product tankers, especially lighters, which most closely resemble Navy auxiliaries in the manner in which they carry liquid cargos, have been built with in-tank deepwell or submersible cargo pumps, thereby eliminating the pump-room. The application of this type of pumping system reduces the size of the ship considerably, thereby resulting in reduction of required propulsive power and fuel consumption as well as a dramatic reduction in construction cost. The three most common pumping system designs are discussed in the paper, together with variations of each. The differences in systems are presented and their effect upon the design of an auxiliary ship is illustrated. The paper investigates the application of these alternate type cargo pumping systems (with dedicated pumps) to the design of a typical Navy auxiliary, indicating the effect upon ship size, weight, volume and power requirements as well as costs. Submersible pumps are compared to deepwell pumps with the advantages and disadvantages of each discussed. Experiences are cited.

关键词： NAVAL VESSELS

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Stern flap powering performance on a Spruance class destroyer:: Ship trials and model experiments

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1999年第2期111卷 69-81页

作者： Cusanelli, DS Hundley, L Dominic S. Cusanelli:has held positions of Project Manager (Model Test) and/or principal test engineer for a large variety of projects such as: FFG 7 DD 963 / CG 47 AE 36 DDG 51 PC 1 and most recently LPD 17. He has conducted hydrodynamic design and evaluation of hullforms appendages propulsors design modifications impact assessments and exploratory development. Mr. Cusanelli has been awarded U.S. patents in both the areas of innovative ship design and improvement in model testing techniques. He has been spanning over 10 years. He received his Bachelor of Engineering degree in Ocean Engineering and Naval Architecture from Stevens Institute of Technology Hoboken NJ in 1984 and is a member of ASNE. Lowry Hundley:is a project manager in the Resistance and Powering Dept. His thirty years of work experience include the planning and directing of sea trials on Navy Coast Guard and commercial ships. Mr. Hundley has been involved in assessing and improving methods used to collect and analyze ship powering Engineering from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in 1967 and is a member of ASNE.

Model and full scale testing by the U.S. Navy indicate substantial powering improvements due to the installation of a stern flap on Spruance Class (DD 963) Strike Destroyers, and Ticonderoga Class (CG 47) AEGIS Cruisers. An appropriate stern flap design was determined through model scale experimentation, and full scale powering improvements were predicted. The destroyer Arthur W. Radford (DD 968) was then fitted with a prototype stern flap in order to demonstrate full scale performance improvements. Speed/power ship trials indicate considerable performance improvements due to the stern flap: reduction in power of 6% to 14%, resulting in an 11.7% time-averaged powering reduction 0.75 knot increase in top speed $240K annual fuel cost avoidance (savings) retrofit cost amortized in less than one year The flap design on the A.W Radford, and the associated fuel savings, can be applied to each ship of the DD 963 and CG 47 Classes, for a multi-million dollar life cycle fuel cost savings. An economic cost analysis was performed on the stern flap installation for both the Spruance and Ticonderoga Classes. The stern flap fuel cost avoidance and retrofit costs place the Net Present Value at $60 million. The internal rate of return on investment may reach as high as 262%. The physics surrounding the operation of a stern flap on this combatant, and some identified mechanisms that account for the improved performance, are also discussed.

关键词： Warships

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Survey of reduced workload and crewing strategies for ocean patrol vessels

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 2001年第2期113卷 29-44页

作者： Baker, C Krull, R Snyder, G Lincoln, W Malone, TB Clifford C. Baker CIE CHFEP is a senior staff scientist at Carlow International Incorporated. He has applied most of his 24 years of experience in the application of human engineering technology to maritime systems. Mr. Baker has directed much of Carlow's efforts to reduce ship workload and to improve human performance and maritime safety through application of human factors methods and data. He is a Certified Industrial Ergonomist (CIE) as well as a Certified Human Factors Engineering Professional (CHFEP). Both certifications were granted by Oxford Research where Mr. Baker also serves as an Advisory Board member. Russell D. Krull P.E. is a senior engineer with A&T/Proteus Engineering with more than 18 years of experi-ence in marine engineering naval architecture and program management including 16 years of active duty in the U.S. Coast Guard. Recent experience includes advanced ship design studies engineering software development technical support for the USMC Advanced Amphibious Assault Vehicle propulsion systems analyses ship structural engineering and cargo handling systems engineering. Mr. Krull has an M.S.E. in naval architecture and marine engineering and an M.S.E. in industrial and operations engineering from University of Michigan and a B.S. in ocean engineering from the U.S. Coast Guard Academy. Capt. Glenn L. Snyder USCG. Regrettably since this paper was originally written Capt. Snyder has passed away. At the time of his death he was an operations specialist assigned to the Coast Guard's Deepwater Capabilities Replacement Project as Chief of Human Systems Integration. He served as commanding officer of the patrol boat Cape George (WPB-95306) the icebreaking tug Biscayne Bay (WTGB-104) and the cutter Legare (WMEC-911). A 1975 graduate of the U.S. Coast Guard Academy Capt. Snyder held an M.A. in national security and strategic studies from the U.S. Naval War College and an M.A. in international relations from Salve Regina College. In addition he was a 1998 fellow of the Foreign Service

The U.S. Coast Guard is in the concept exploration phase of its Integrated Deepwater System (IDS) acquisition project. This project will define the next generation of surface, air and command, control, communications, computers, intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (C4ISR) assets used to perform the Coast Guard's missions in the IDS environment (>50 NM off the U. S. coastline). As part of early technology investigations, the needs exist to: (1) analyze the workload requirements of the IDS, (2) identify alternative means to perform ship's work, and (3) optimize ship manning consistent with ship workload, performance criteria, and the available tools and equipment aboard. To reduce shipboard work requires an understanding of the mission and support requirements placed on the vessel and crew, how these requirements are currently met, and how requirements might otherwise be met to reduce workload and crew size. This study examined currently implemented workload and manpower reducing approaches of commercial maritime fleets, U.S. and foreign navies, and foreign coastguards. These approaches were analyzed according to evaluation criteria approved by the IDS acquisition project team. From this, strategies for shipboard work reduction that may be considered for adoption by the IDS were identified and analyzed according to performance and costs factors. Ten workload-reducing strategies were identified: damage control, bridge, multiple crewing, engineering, risk acceptance, modularity, deck, enabling technologies, ship/personnel readiness, and operability and maintainability.

关键词： Naval vessels

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Materials for hydrofoils

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Naval Engineers Journal 1963年第N 3期v 75卷 p609-622页

作者： Fioriti, I. Vasta, J. Starr, A. Mr. Fioriti is the Materials Engineer in the Hull Scientific and Research Section Bureau of Ships with responsibility for materials and fabrication processes that are used in the construction of ship hulls. Mr. Fioriti attended the University of Pittsburgh receiving the Bachelor of Science degree in Metallurgical Engineering in 1951. He took postgraduate work at the University of Maryland receiving the Master of Science degree in 1960. From 1951 to 1956 he worked in the Metals and Metallurgy Section of the Bureau of Ships where he planned and administered research programs on metals for ships. He was associated intimately with the development of HY-80 steel and prepared the first specification used for its procurement by the Navy. In addition he was responsible for the development of dimpled armor plate for aircraft carrier flight decks. In 1956 he assumed his present position where he has been active in the Ship Structure Committee research program the low cycle fatigue structural program and the hydrofoil materials research program. Mr. Vasta is the Head of Hull Scientific and Research Section Bureau of Ships with responsibility for planning initiating and technically monitoring research in the fields of structural mechanics and hydromechanics. Mr. Vasta attended New York University receiving the Bachelor of Science degree in Mechanical Engineering in 1930. He took postgraduate work at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology receiving the Master of Science degree in 1931. From 1931 to 1938 he worked at the United States Experimental Model Basin in the structural mechanics group. After a short duty at the Headquarters of the United States Coast Guard he joined in 1939 the staff of the United States Maritime Commission where he held various positions of responsibility in the Technical Division. He was associated intimately with the design development of the reinforced concrete ship program first as Assistant Chief and then as the Chief of the Section. Thereafter he was appointed Assistant Chief of

Research program of U S Bureau of Ships is in final phase;literature survey and screening phases are completed;on basis of tests, fabrication studies and cost analyses most promising materials are steels 4330M and 17-4PH (H1025) with protective coatings, and 2 titanium alloys (8AL-2CB-1TA) and (6AL-4V);most promising coatings are polyurethane rubber and neoprene rubber base coatings;coated HY-100 steel is satisfactory for low performance foils;glass laminates are of particular interest as foil materials and are under study;no "off shelf" material is ideal for high speed foils.

关键词： Hydrofoils

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THE MACHINERY ALTERATION program

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1985年第4期97卷 138-145页

作者： CIERI, AM KENNEY, LH A.M. Cieri:is the program manager for the Machinery Alteration (MachAlt) Program at the Naval Ship Systems Engineering Station (NAVSSES). Mr. Cieri also currently serves as the head Fleet Liaison Unit Atlantic at NAVSSES. He working with Mr. E.T. Kinney Deputy Director Machinery Group Ship Design and Engineering Directorate (SEA 56B) Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA) conceived and structured the policy and procedures for the MachAlt Program in FY 83 as a result of a need identified by COMNAVSEA's ShipAlt Improvement Program. Mr. Cieri has been with the NAVSSES (formerly NAVSEC Philadelphia) organization since 1971. He served in the Hull and Deck Machinery Department before moving to his current staff position in 1982. His 23 years of federal service also includes nine years with the Philadelphia Naval Shipyard in various assignments in both the planning and production departments. Mr. Cieri has been a member of ASNE since 1979. Mr. Cieri was the recipient of the Joseph Cacciola Technical Achievement Award at NAVSSES in 1984. USN CDR. L.H. Kenney USN:was commissioned out of the Naval Reserve Officers Training Corps at Massachusetts Institute of Technology where he received his bachelor of science. He holds a master's degree in electrical engineering from the Naval Postgraduate School. He has served at the Philadelphia and Boston Naval Shipyards the headquarters of the Naval Sea Systems Command and its predecessor NAVSHIPS as staff officer to Commander Service Squadron Six in the Mediterranean in the USS Essex and with the Joint Military Assistance and Advisory Group Tehran. He is currently the director of Fleet Coordination Office at the Naval Ship Systems Engineering Station in Philadelphia.

The ship alteration (ShipAlt) process does not lend itself to the rapid accomplishment of small scale design changes to improve equipment performance and reliability. It is a necessarily lengthy and complex system, designed to deal with very large and costly projects. With one document, it causes replacement or modification of major ship systems. For this reason, ShipAlts are subjected to many reviews and design changes so that the final product will materially enhance the fleet's operational capabilities. The competition for scarce resources has left the Navy with a large number of needed design changes with no programmatic means to accomplish them. Various Navy communities have developed procedures to address this problem. This paper will show how the Naval Sea Systems Command-sponsored machinery alteration (MachAlt) program addresses the small design change problem for hull, mechanical and electrical (HM&E) systems. MachAlts are design changes to equipments that do not require system interface changes and may be installed outside of industrial activities. The paper will discuss how the MachAlt concept was developed and will give a status report and assessment of the program to date.

关键词： NAVAL VESSELS

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HUMAN-FACTORS CONSIDERATIONS APPLIED TO OPERATIONS OF THE FFG-8 AND LAMPS MK III

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1984年第3期96卷 191-199页

作者： BAITIS, AE APPLEBEE, TR MCNAMARA, TM A. Erich Baitis: a native of Germany came to the David W. Taylor Naval Ship R&D Center in 1957 as a cooperative student/trainee and received his B.S. degree in physics from Virginia Polytechnic Institute. As a 32-year-old naval architect in 1971 he received both the Vietnam Honor Service Medal and the Navy's Meritorious Civilian Service Award for his eight months as liaison with the Vietnamese Navy's ferro-cement program. As head of the Seakeeping and Stabilization Group of the Surface Ship Dynamics Branch his work has led to the development of a new standard Ship Motion Computer Program and the application of ship motions to ship habitability operability and survivability problems. A major area of this work has been the ship-aircraft interface which is particularly sensitive to ship motions wind and other environmental factors. He is a member of the American Society of Naval Engineers and was awarded the Solberg Award for 1982 “in recognition of significant engineering research and development contributions in the area of improved helicopter operations from a ship in a seaway.” Terrence A. Applebee:is currently a naval architect at the David W. Taylor Naval Ship R&D Center in the Surface Ship Dynamics Branch. he came to the Center after earning a B.S. degree in ocean engineering from Florida Institute of Technology in 1973. Since that time he has worked in the areas of seakeeping performance evaluation ship-helicopter interfacing and human factor considerations. He is a member of the American Society of Naval Engineers and the Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers. Thomas M. McNamara:is an employee of the John Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory in the ocean data acquisition program. From 1979 to 1983 he worked at David W. Taylor Naval Ship R&D Center in the Surface Ship Dynamics Branch. His expertise has focused on the development of computer models for human factor evaluations as well as motion stabilization systems. He has participated in the development of advanced stabilizat

The FFG 7/LAMPS MK III Operator Guidance Manual (OGM) was developed for all FFG-7 class frigates which are not fin stabilized or are operating with the fins off. The OGM was developed to assis the ship operators of the FFG-7 class in choosing ship speed and heading combinations which will minimize ship motion-related problems during various phases of the LAMPS deployment. Crew safety and performance were major concerns in the development of the OGM. This paper reviews the effect of human factors on ship operations during helicopter recovery, maintenance, and transit to and from the hangar.

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