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Mesoporous silica nanoparticles with dual-targeting agricultural sources for enhanced cancer treatment via tritherapy

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RSC Advances 2023年第28期13卷 19079-19090页

作者： Huang, Yu-Ya Lee, Zui-Harng Chang, Kai-Chi Wu, Zhi-Yuan Lee, Cheng-Chang Tsou, Min-Hsuan Lin, Hsiu-Mei National Taiwan Ocean University Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology No. 2 Beining Rd. Zhongzheng Dist. Keelung City202 Taiwan National Taiwan Ocean University Bachelor Degree Program in Marine Biotechenology Taiwan National Taiwan Ocean University Center of Excellence for the Oceans Taiwan National Taiwan Ocean University Center of Excellence for Ocean Engineering Taiwan

In this study, we introduced dual-targeting folic acid (FA) and hyaluronic acid (HA) modified on the surface of rice husk mesoporous silica nanoparticles (rMSNs). The rMSNs were employed as a drug delivery system loaded with camptothecin (CPT) as a model drug, Eu3+ ions as a photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy (PDT), bismuth (Bi) for photothermal therapy (PTT), and Gd3+ ions for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to develop novel nanoparticles, rMSN-EuGd-Bi@CPT-HA-FA, with dual-targeted function and triple therapy for cancer treatment. The results of the cell cytotoxicity experiment showed that the A549 cancer cells had a survival rate of approximately 35% when treated with 200 μg mL−1 of rMSN-EuGd-Bi@CPT-HA-FA under 808 nm irradiation for 15 min. The dual-targeted function and synergistic treatment of CPT, PTT, and PDT were also responsible for the 20% survival rate of the A549 cancer cells treated with 200 μg mL−1 of rMSN-EuGd-Bi@CPT-HA-FA under 808 nm irradiation for 30 min. The results showed that rMSN-EuGd-Bi@CPT-HA-FA can effectively combine chemotherapy (through CPT), PDT, and PTT for cancer treatment. © 2023 The Royal Society of Chemistry.

关键词： Hyaluronic acid

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Visibility analysis by light attenuation ratio recorded with portable camera at the full-scale hot smoke test site

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International Journal of Ventilation 2023年第3期22卷 273-288页

作者： Su, ChungHwei Shih, ChiaYuan Wang, ShiuanCheng Tsai, MingJe Department of Safety Health and Environmental Engineering National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology Kaohsiung City Taiwan Tainan City Government Fire Bureau Tainan City Taiwan Bachelor Degree Program of Fire Safety Tajen University Pingtung County Taiwan

Some countries have enacted the full-scale hot smoke test standards to verify the effectiveness of smoke extraction systems. Unfortunately, the judgment of most performed tests is based on vision and lacks scientific value. It is important to establish a scientific and quantifiable measurement system for visibility judgment in a large space. This paper analyzed the visibility values obtained through the light attenuation in a full-scale hot smoke test site. The quadratic regression relationships between the gray scale values and the attenuation ratios were derived. The visibility of the test site can be also obtained by grayscale analysis of recorded images. A qualified emergency direction light was used as a light source, and a closed-circuit television and a portable camera were adopted for image recording. These images were converted into grayscale pictures to obtain the gray scale values at the center of the bright spot. By comparing with the light attenuation ratio of the quantifiable measurement equipment in front of the light source, the results showed excellent relevance and demonstrated the applicability of the captured images. © 2022 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

关键词： Visibility

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Highly selective Cu2+ detection with a naphthalimide-functionalised pillararene fluorescent chemosensor

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Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry 2023年第4期22卷 745-752页

作者： Chang, Rong Chen, Chan-Yu Gao, Liya Li, Yana Lee, Zui-Harng Zhao, Hongxia Sue, Andrew C.-H. Chang, Kai-Chi College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University 422 Siming South Rd Siming District Fujian Province Xiamen361005 China Bachelor Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology National Taiwan Ocean University Keelung202 Taiwan School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Tianjin University 92 Weijin Rd Nankai District Tianjin300072 China

Ligand 1, a rim-differentiated pillar[5]arene macrocycle modified with five naphthalimide groups through click chemistry, serves as an effective ratiometric fluorescent chemosensor for Cu2+. In contrast to the monomeric naphthalimide control compound 2, which shows only monomer emission, ligand 1 demonstrates dual emission characteristics encompassing both the monomer and excimer of the naphthalimide moieties. The binding properties of ligand 1 toward 15 different metal ions were systematically investigated in CH2Cl2/CH3CN (v/v, 1 : 1) by UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopy. Remarkably, ligand 1 exhibits exceptional selectivity for Cu2+ ions. Upon complexation with Cu2+, the excimer emission of ligand 1 diminishes, concomitant with an enhancement of its monomer emission. The binding ratio for 1·Cu2+ was determined to be 1 : 1, with an association constant of (3.39 ± 0.40) × 105 M−1 calculated using a nonlinear least-squares curve-fitting method. Furthermore, the limit of detection (LOD) was found to be 185 ± 7 nM. Our results from 1H NMR titration, high-resolution mass spectrometry analysis and density functional theory calculations of 1·Cu2+ suggest synergistic coordination between Cu2+ and the triazole groups on ligand 1. © 2024 The Royal Society of Chemistry.

关键词： Ligands

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Meshless generalized finite difference method with a domain-selection method for solving degenerate boundary problems

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engineering Analysis with Boundary Elements 2023年第1期152卷 185-193页

作者： Huang, Ji Lyu, Hong-Guan Fan, Chia-Ming Chen, Jiahn-Horng Naval Architecture and Shipping College Guangdong Ocean University Zhanjiang524088 China School of Ocean Engineering and Technology Sun Yat-sen University Zhuhai519082 China Doctoral Degree Program in Ocean Engineering Technology National Taiwan Ocean University Keelung20224 Taiwan Department of Harbor and River Engineering National Taiwan Ocean University Keelung20224 Taiwan Shih Yen-Ping Center for Underwater Technology National Taiwan Ocean University Keelung20224 Taiwan National Academy of Marine Research Kaohsiung80661 Taiwan

This paper is dedicated to presenting a combined Generalized Finite Difference Method (GFDM) and Domain-Selection Method (DSM) approach for solving degenerate boundary problems which are usually encountered in engineering simulations. Compared with traditional Domain-Decomposition Method (DDM), the most critical advantage of the present GFDM-DSM is that it is entirely free from matching continuous boundary conditions for different parts of the fluid domain of interest, which is sometimes hard to perform for specific situations. Instead, the only prerequisite of the present GFDM-DSM is to identify which sub-domain each computational node belongs to, and then a linear algebraic system can be assembled according to the pattern of domain-selection. Four benchmarks are performed to validate the convergence and accuracy of the present GFDM-DSM. It is shown that the present GFDM-DSM holds satisfactory accuracy for solving degenerate boundary problems. In particular, the present DSM is a flexible strategy since it can be also combined with other localized domain-type meshless methods in practical applications. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Domain decomposition methods

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Water wave interaction with ice-sheet of variable geometry in the presence of uniform current

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Physics of Fluids 2024年第4期36卷 042108-042108页

作者： Aggarwal, Akshita Barman, Koushik Kanti Martha, Subash Chandra Tsai, Chia-Cheng Department of Mathematics Indian Institute of Technology Rupnagar Punjab Ropar140001 India Center of Excellence for Ocean Engineering National Taiwan Ocean University Keelung202301 Taiwan Bachelor Degree Program in Ocean Engineering and Technology Center of Excellence for Ocean Engineering National Taiwan Ocean University Keelung202301 Taiwan

We propose an asymptotic method to solve the problem of flexural-gravity wave scattering by an ice sheet of variable geometry in the presence of uniform currents. The significance of the article resides in the development of first and second-order solutions via the use of asymptotic expansion and the Fourier transform technique. We consider two different shape functions for the plate geometry, namely, Gaussian and Gaussian oscillatory. For both shape functions, the first and second-order solutions result in a major impact of depth Froude numbers in hydrodynamic coefficients, emphasizing the crucial function of the higher-order solutions in understanding the current responsiveness. We also observe the occurrence of Bragg resonance for the Gaussian oscillatory shape. The depth Froude number alters the frequency of wave components that are most reflected, and wave action conservation causes a rise in the energy of reflected waves. The depth Froude numbers can induce a unique minimum in reflection coefficient, which is close to 0. An examination of plate deflection reveals that the elevation amplitude is substantially higher near the point where there is a peak of elastic plate's shape. The pressure exerted by the plate is also concentrated near this point, highlighting the significance of the elastic plate's shape. The collective numerical observations for both shapes provide insight into resonance phenomena, the role of plate shape, and the intricate relationship between wave characteristics and varying plate properties. The findings from this study could assist geologists and marine engineers in designing and managing ice sheets, ports, and harbor infrastructure. © 2024 Author(s).

关键词： Gaussian distribution

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Greenhouse gas emissions reduction and energy savings for a dredger at port area using hybrid photovoltaic power system onboard

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Energy for Sustainable Development 2024年 78卷

作者： Wu, Chien-Hsing Wang, Hui-Chiao Chang, Horng-Yi Department of Marine Engineering National Taiwan Ocean University Keelung202301 Taiwan Bachelor Degree Program in Ocean Tourism Management National Taiwan Ocean University Keelung202301 Taiwan

For reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emission and saving energy, a hybrid photovoltaic (PV) energy system comprised of grid-connect and off-grid modes was utilized on a dredger at emission control area (ECA) such as a port area. The experiments on this hybrid PV power system were carried out to evaluate the electric energy consumption of each equipment onboard in three operation modes (dredging, rest and idle) of dredger and to analyze the contribution of such a PV power system. The PV array had charging batteries in grid-connect mode and converted the PV power to alternating current (AC) directly during daytime period. At nighttime, the batteries could supply the electric power in off-grid mode. Even this dredger is no large free deck area for installing PV arrays onboard, the power conversion for PV array can offer about 1.0 % of total demand electric energy yearly. After evaluating the electric power consumption of each equipment onboard at different dredger operation mode, the proposed hybrid PV power system can offer 4.0 % (3.9 kWh by 96.8 kWh) of energy demand in grid-connect at rest mode and supply 100 % (29.85 kWh by 29.85 kWh) energy for dredger equipment in off-grid without diesel generator running at idle mode. This hybrid PV power system on the dredger has not only saved marine diesel oil (MDO) 2094.2 kg/year, reduced GHG of CO2 about 6455 kg/year, SOx about 3.942 kg/year and particulate matter (PM) around 1.97 kg/year but also reduced the diesel generator maintenance cost from stop running for 15 h/day and saved the cost of fuel (MDO) about USD 2128.5/year. The hybrid PV power system exhibited very effective efficiency of PV array and optimized the installation of batteries bank in ship with limited deck space at ECA and port area with high solar radiation density zone. © 2023 International Energy Initiative

关键词： Emission control

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Bragg scattering of gravity waves by a sea bed of varying depth in the presence of uniform current covered by a floating membrane

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Physics of Fluids 2024年第1期36卷 012118-012118页

作者： Barman, Koushik Kanti Chanda, Ayan Tsai, Chia-Cheng Hsu, Tai-Wen Center of Excellence for Ocean Engineering National Taiwan Ocean University Keelung Taiwan Department of Ocean Engineering and Naval Architecture Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur West Bengal Kharagpur India Bachelor Degree Program in Ocean Engineering and Technology National Taiwan Ocean University Keelung Taiwan Department of Harbor and River Engineering National Taiwan Ocean University Keelung202301 Taiwan

We present an asymptotic approach to solving the water wave scattering by undulating bottom topography in the presence of uniform currents where a flexible membrane covers the upper surface. The interest in this problem lies in the development of asymptotic solutions using the Fourier transform under the action of uniform currents. The method allows the physical processes involved in the sea-bed topography and membrane-covered surface and wave interactions to be studied. In particular, we identify the existence of Bragg resonance between gravity waves and the bottom ripples, which are associated with the reflection of incident wave energy. We consider the impacts of uniform current, and we highlight the central role of the asymptotic expansion method in the evolution of the response of current. For depth Froude number in the range of 0.4-0.7, the effects of bottom topography on Bragg resonance dominate. The current shifts the frequency of the most reflected wave components, and wave action conservation results in amplified reflected wave energies for the following currents. The theory developed in the frequency domain is illustrated in the time domain using discrete Fourier transform with the Joint North Sea Wave Observation Project (JONSWAP) spectrum [Hasselmann et al., J. Phys. oceanogr. 10, 1264 (1980)] to analyze wave propagation through the whole system. © 2024 Author(s).

关键词： Gravity waves

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Comments on a Computation-Transferable Authenticated Key Agreement Protocol for Smart Healthcare

Comments on a Computation-Transferable Authenticated Key Agr...

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9th International Conference on Applied System Innovation, ICASI 2023

作者： Chang, Ya-Fen Tsai, Chung-Yi Tai, Wei-Liang National Taichung University of Science and Technology Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering Taichung Taiwan National Taichung University of Science and Technology Bachelor Degree Program of Artificial Intelligence Taichung Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9798350398380

Recently, Wang et al. proposed a computationally transferable authenticated key agreement protocol for smart healthcare by adopting the certificateless public-key cryptography. They claimed that their protocol could ensure privacy, resist various attacks, and possess superior properties. After analyzing their protocol, we find that it suffers from some flaws. Firstly, user privacy is not ensured as claimed. Secondly, some statements are inaccurate or missing. Thirdly, it cannot resist DoS attack. In this paper, the details of how these flaws threaten Wang et al.'s protocol are shown. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Denial-of-service attack

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Boussinesq modeling of typhoon-induced infragravity oscillations in Hualien Harbor, eastern Taiwan: Influence of the adjacent coast

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Coastal engineering 2025年 201卷

作者： Su, Shih-Feng Ma, Gangfeng Bachelor Degree Program in Ocean Engineering and Technology National Taiwan Ocean University Keelung Taiwan DHI Water & Environment Inc. LakewoodCO80228 United States

Large infragravity-wave oscillations inside harbors are generally induced by typhoon-generated swell waves. The interaction between infragravity waves and harbor geometry can significantly amplify wave oscillations when the specific frequencies match the natural resonance frequencies of the harbor. Additionally, the neighboring coastal morphology can enhance the influx of infragravity energy. In this study, we investigated infragravity oscillations in Hualien Harbor, eastern Taiwan, during the passage of a strong typhoon. The harbor geometry comprises outer and inner basins aimed at providing a well-sheltered area. However, the extreme infragravity wave height of 2.0 m was observed at the innermost basin. A wave-resolving Boussinesq model was applied to reproduce harbor oscillations and was validated against the measured data within the port. The accuracy of the simulated significant wave heights was sensitive to the direction of the incident wave, but not that of the simulated infragravity waves. Furthermore, lower and higher resonance frequencies prevail in the inner and outer basins, respectively. The simulated spatial distributions of wave heights in the resonance periods demonstrated that these waves were present both within the harbor and along the adjacent coast. Additionally, the refraction effects of the adjacent coast were investigated through numerical simulations. Our experiments revealed that the infragravity energy generated on the adjacent coast contributed to an increase in infragravity wave heights inside the harbor up to 47 %. Moreover, we found that reducing the long-period infragravity waves significantly altered the distribution of short-period swell waves in the outer harbor basin. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Natural frequencies

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Dynamic weight-based connectivity recovery in wireless sensor and actor networks

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Journal of Supercomputing 2024年第1期80卷 734-760页

作者： Chiang, Mao-Lun Hsieh, Hui-Ching Lin, Tzu-Ling Chang, Tsui-Ping Chen, Hong-Wei Bachelor Degree Program of Artificial Intelligence National Taichung University of Science and Technology Taichung City Taiwan Department of New Media Communication Hsing Wu University New Taipei City Taiwan Department of Business Management National Taichung University of Science and Technology Taichung City Taiwan Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Taichung University of Science and Technology Taichung City Taiwan Department of Information and Communication Engineering Chaoyang University of Technology Taichung City Taiwan

Wireless sensors and actor networks (WSANs) have been widely used in various fields, from basic data collection to precise real-time control and monitoring, including battlefield monitoring, rescue, and exploration. The actor nodes in a WSAN play a key role in processing and transmitting data, and because of the harsh environmental conditions encountered, network node failures are prone to occur. The failure of an actor causes a loss of connectivity with its neighbor nodes, resulting in network splits and failure to deliver messages between nodes. Therefore, determining how to quickly and autonomously recover network connectivity while minimizing the moving distance of backup nodes and the number of relocated nodes is crucial. In this paper, we propose a dynamic weight-based connectivity recovery (DWCR) method to minimize the total moving distance of actor nodes, the number of relocated nodes, the total messages sent, and the coverage loss rate. The proposed DWCR method involves selecting a backup node for each critical node by dynamically adjusting the weight. If a critical node fails, the backup node starts to move to restore the connectivity of the failed node. The simulation results indicate that the proposed DWCR method outperforms the recovery through inward motion (RIM) method and other methods in terms of minimizing the total moving distance, the number of relocated nodes, and the total messages sent. However, because the RIM algorithm requires the relocation of more nodes during the network process, the DWCR algorithm is slightly inferior to the RIM algorithm in terms of coverage loss rate. Nevertheless, the DWCR algorithm still outperforms the distributed actor recovery algorithm and the distributed autonomous connectivity restoration method based on finite state machine algorithm. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.

关键词： Recovery

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