The domestic production of the most powerful Ozone-Depleting Substances (ODSs) has permanently ceased and the abundant supplies of a number of inexpensive refrigerants, fire-fighting agents, and solvents, once taken f...
详细信息
The domestic production of the most powerful Ozone-Depleting Substances (ODSs) has permanently ceased and the abundant supplies of a number of inexpensive refrigerants, fire-fighting agents, and solvents, once taken for granted, are now a thing of the past. The Navy's original strategy of conserving ODSs, converting systems and processes where feasible, relying on strategic reserves where necessary, and developing "ozone-friendly" equip ment for new-design surface ships and submarines is succeeding. The purpose of this paper is to document the Navy's efforts to date relative to combating the threat to uninterrupted Fleet operations posed by the cessation of ODS production. Specifically, this paper addresses the Navy's shipboard conversion programs for air-conditioning and refrigeration (AC&R) systems, the development of next-generation AC&R systems, the selection of halon substitutes for new-construction fire-fighting systems, and the Navy's alternative to CFC-113 in the cleaning of critical oxygen systems.
Model and full scale testing by the U.S. Navy indicate substantial powering improvements due to the installation of a stern flap on Spruance Class (DD 963) Strike Destroyers, and Ticonderoga Class (CG 47) AEGIS Cruise...
详细信息
Model and full scale testing by the U.S. Navy indicate substantial powering improvements due to the installation of a stern flap on Spruance Class (DD 963) Strike Destroyers, and Ticonderoga Class (CG 47) AEGIS Cruisers. An appropriate stern flap design was determined through model scale experimentation, and full scale powering improvements were predicted. The destroyer Arthur W. Radford (DD 968) was then fitted with a prototype stern flap in order to demonstrate full scale performance improvements. Speed/power ship trials indicate considerable performance improvements due to the stern flap: reduction in power of 6% to 14%, resulting in an 11.7% time-averaged powering reduction 0.75 knot increase in top speed $240K annual fuel cost avoidance (savings) retrofit cost amortized in less than one year The flap design on the A.W Radford, and the associated fuel savings, can be applied to each ship of the DD 963 and CG 47 Classes, for a multi-million dollar life cycle fuel cost savings. An economic cost analysis was performed on the stern flap installation for both the Spruance and Ticonderoga Classes. The stern flap fuel cost avoidance and retrofit costs place the Net Present Value at $60 million. The internal rate of return on investment may reach as high as 262%. The physics surrounding the operation of a stern flap on this combatant, and some identified mechanisms that account for the improved performance, are also discussed.
作者:
Arntson, SLind, WTurner, JJBlaiklock, WCTedesco, MStephen G. Arntson is an independent consultant. A degree Naval Architect
he has over 38 years of experience in the design construction and maintenance of surface ships. His experience includes 28 yeus with the Naval Sea Systems Command Naval Ship Engineering Centerl Bureau of Ships specializing in the structural design of Naval surface ships and 7 years with ABS Specializing in the application of commercial ship design practices. Most recently he worked with both NASSCO and ABS MZ the Arsenal Ship Program. Steve was very active with the Ships Structure Committee in developing R&D programs for ship structure and he is a member of the ASNE Journal Committee. Steve received a BS in Mechanical Engineering (Naval Architecture Option) from Virginia Polytechnic Institute in 1964. He is a member of the ASNE TAU BETA PI PI TAU SIGMA and PHI KAPPA PHI. William 1. Lind joined ABS in 1992 after ten years with Sparkman and Stephens
Inc. He is currently ABS Amekas Manager of Engineering jm New Orleans and Cleveland. Both ofices conduct plan reviews for militavy commercial and private marine craft fm self-propelled vessels under 300 feet in length and bargus unlimited in length. As Vice-Chaimn ojthe Western Rivers Technical Committee Great Lakes Technical Committee and the Small Vessel Committee Bill participated in the writing of the 1997 ABS Guide for Building and Classing High Speed Craft and the 1997 ABS Rules for Building and Classing Steel Vessels Under 9OM. Bill received an MBA from Florida Atlantic University in 1995 a BS in Mechanical Engineering from New York Institute of Technology in 1986 and a BA in Histoy from Colgate University in 1976. He is Chaimn of SNAME HS-9 Composite Panel Testing & Fire Protection and a member of ASNE. John J. Turner is Senior Vice President of SYNTEK Technologies
Inc. in Arlington Virginia. SYNTEK specializes in activities of a highly technical nature supporting both industry and government in domestic and international markets. He is a registered Professional Engineer
The Defense Advanced Research Project Agency (DARPA), in conjunction with the U.S. Navy, initiated a research program for the design and construction of a distinctive warship for the 21st century known as the Arsenal ...
详细信息
The Defense Advanced Research Project Agency (DARPA), in conjunction with the U.S. Navy, initiated a research program for the design and construction of a distinctive warship for the 21st century known as the Arsenal Ship. By using an innovative development and acquisition approach it was hoped to streamline the procurement process and reduce costs. In an environment where budgets are being cut, both industry and Government were challenged to develop, design, and produce the innovative ship and related mission systems to meet specific performance capabilities within strict affordability constraints. A key element of this innovative acquisition approach was a new certification scheme designed to replace the traditional test and evaluation (T&E) and acceptance process. The purpose of this paper is to describe the development of the certification plan during Phase LI of the Arsenal Ship program by the American Bureau of Shipping and the contending Shipyard teams, and to discuss the potential benefits of this alternative certification approach. Although the Arsenal Ship program was canceled late in 1997, insight derived from the exploration of new certification concepts could benefit future design and building programs.
Despite the limits inherent within linearized frequency-domain ship motion and wave load computer codes, strip theory has been found to provide the design community with a fairly robust, practical design tool with rea...
详细信息
Despite the limits inherent within linearized frequency-domain ship motion and wave load computer codes, strip theory has been found to provide the design community with a fairly robust, practical design tool with reasonable accuracy for most conventional displacement monohulls. However, the advent of new design concepts including multi-hulls and application of new materials as well as the push to incorporate reliability methods within surface ship structural design criteria has highlighted the need for more rigorous methods of developing a lifetime load spectrum. In this paper, a multilevel computation system for predicting ship motions and wave loads, up through and including extreme sea conditions, is presented. This system includes a traditional strip theory approach and newly developed linear and nonlinear three-dimensional time-domain methods. The new nonlinear methods are currently in the process of being validated by the U.S. Navy. The status of the current development is presented. Sample numerical results from the new nonlinear methods are compared with both linear frequency domain predictions and model tests.
This paper discusses the problems identified in a FY 1995 fleet habitability survey. The survey questioned the fleet on the quality of shipboard living and working conditions and identified shortfalls in berthing, san...
详细信息
This paper discusses the problems identified in a FY 1995 fleet habitability survey. The survey questioned the fleet on the quality of shipboard living and working conditions and identified shortfalls in berthing, sanitary spaces, and food service systems that influence crew morale, safety, and ultimately mission effectiveness. Existing habitability programs, new initiatives and responses to the survey problems, plus a few quality of life ideas for the 21st century, are outlined.
A prototype concurrent engineering tool has been developed for the preliminary design of composite topside structures for modern navy warships. This tool, named GELS for the Concurrent engineering of Layered Structure...
详细信息
A prototype concurrent engineering tool has been developed for the preliminary design of composite topside structures for modern navy warships. This tool, named GELS for the Concurrent engineering of Layered Structures, provides designers with an immediate assessment of the impacts of their decisions on several disciplines which are important to the performance of a modern naval topside structure, including electromagnetic interference effects (EMI), radar cross section (RCS), structural integrity, cost, and weight. Preliminary analysis modules in each of these disciplines are integrated to operate from a common set of design variables and a common materials database. Performance in each discipline and an overall fitness function for the concept are then evaluated. A graphical user interface (GUI) is used to define requirements and to display the results from the technical analysis modules. Optimization techniques, including feasible sequential quadratic programming (FSQP) and exhaustive search are used to modify the design variables to satisfy all requirements simultaneously. The development of this tool, the technical modules, and their integration are discussed noting the decisions and compromises required to develop and integrate the modules into a prototype conceptual design tool.
While most of the theater ballistic missiles (TBM) in threat countries' inventories are of the shorter range SCUD varieties, mid- to long-range versions are currently in development in a number of third world coun...
详细信息
While most of the theater ballistic missiles (TBM) in threat countries' inventories are of the shorter range SCUD varieties, mid- to long-range versions are currently in development in a number of third world countries. Threat potential exists in the following three battle spaces: endo-atmosphere (0-30 km), high endo-atmosphere (30-70 km) and exo-atmosphere (greater than 70 km). The inherent short range and low speed of endo-atmospheric threats match well with capabilities of SM-2 Block IVA, which equips the Navy with an area defense capability The exo-atmospheric TBMs are longer range and can threaten more targets which may be widely dispersed. Their higher velocities reduce response times dramatically Therefore, exo-atmospheric TBMs create the need for Standard Missile-3 (SM-3), which provides the Navy with theater wide defense capability. Defining its area and theater wide systems as clearly endo-atmospheric and exo-atmospheric systems allows the Navy to use derivatives of the Standard Missile Block IV to take full advantage of the conditions associated with each of these operating zones. Use of an existing missile and ship system baseline also allows use of the existing interface structure to minimize cost. To counter the endo-atmospheric TBMs, the SM-2 BLK TVA upgrades include an advanced imaging infrared (IIR) seeker, an improved fast-reaction auto pilot and a forward looking RE all in the same volume as the existing missile. The highly responsive SM-2 Block IVA missile, complemented with Aegis weapons systems modifications, provides capability against enemy aircraft and cruise missiles, as well as TBMs. Standard Missile-3 (SM-3) replaces the SM-2 Block TV warhead, radar and guidance section with a boosted third stage and an advanced kinetic warhead (KW). Operation in the exo-atmospheric region permits a KW design with autonomous guidance control and divert thrusters for high maneuverability and has the capability of achieving very high interceptor velocities.
The objectives of Human engineering (HE) are generally viewed as increasing human performance, reducing human error, enhancing personnel and equipment safety, and reducing training and related personnel costs. There a...
详细信息
The objectives of Human engineering (HE) are generally viewed as increasing human performance, reducing human error, enhancing personnel and equipment safety, and reducing training and related personnel costs. There are other benefits that are thoroughly consistent with the direction of the Navy of the future, chief among these is reduction of required numbers of personnel to operate and maintain Navy ships. The Naval Research Advisory Committee (NRAC) report on Man-Machine technology in the Navy estimated that one of the benefits from increased application of man-machine technology to Navy ship design is personnel reduction as well as improving system availability, effectiveness, and safety The objective of this paper is to discuss aspects of the human engineering design of ships and systems that affect manning requirements, and impact human-performance and safety The paper will also discuss how the application of human engineering leads to improved performance, and crew safety, and reduced workload, all of which influence manning levels. Finally, the paper presents a discussion of tools and case studies of good human engineering design practices which reduce manning.
作者:
SOLTAN, PTRIAS, JDAHLKE, WLASHER, MMCDONALD, MJohn A. Trias:received his Bachelor's degree in Physical Science from the University of California at Berkeley in 1956. In the 1960s
he worked on the synthesis of ruby and sapphire crystals for lasers. He has been with the Naval Ocean Systems Center (NOSC—now NR aD) since 1964. He worked with the development of new rare-earth chelates for dye lasers which were used in prototype optical communication projects at NOSC. In 1981. he developed and demonstrated the first laser-addressed liquid crystal light valve large-screen projection display system operating at video scan rates. His work as project leader for the Command Control Technology Task at NR aD involves advancing laser light valve display technology. His current interests are in the development of direct-view high-resolution laser displays using acousto-optic devices and in 3-D volumetric displays using high-speed acousto-optic scanning and a nonmoving volume screen. Mr. Trias has 15 patents and has authored 35 technical publications Malvyn C. McDonald:received both his B.S. and M.S. degrees in Mechanical Engineering in 1971 and 1976
respectively from San Diego State University. He has twenty-three years of engineering experience with professional emphasis on design and development of shipboard submarine and shore-based communication systems electronics and optics packaging systems and structural and dynamic mechanical systems. He is experienced in development of systems from the conceptual stage to pre-production prototypes including shock and vibration analyses fabrication testing and evaluation and engineering documentation.
NRaD, the RDT&E Division of the Naval Command, Control and ocean Surveillance Center (NCCOSC), has developed its second generation device for displaying data, information and scenes in a three-dimensional volume o...
NRaD, the RDT&E Division of the Naval Command, Control and ocean Surveillance Center (NCCOSC), has developed its second generation device for displaying data, information and scenes in a three-dimensional volume of image space. The device incorporates a 36-inch diameter double helix that spins at approximately 10 revolutions per second, providing a means to address a cylindrical volume. Under computer control, a laser beam is directed to illuminate certain discrete volume points (voxels) on the helix needed to create a scene. The laser light scatters from the surface of the helix, so, to the observer, each voxel appears to emanate from specific points in space. Each point has x-y coordinates determined by the position of the laser beam, and a z coordinate determined by the height of the point on the helical surface. Any point within the cylindrical image volume can be computer-addressed to appropriately synchronize the laser beam, the Acousto-Optic (AO) Scanner and the phase of the helix, as shown in figures 1 and 8. Using a novel Acousto-Optic (AO) Random-Access Scanner, up to 40 thousand laser-generated voxels refreshed at 20 Hz per color are projected onto the reflective surface of the rotating helix. (This is about 10 times more than the current state of the art.) The higher resolution allows improved color images, updated in real time, for group viewing with the naked eye (see the optical head in figure 8).
作者:
TUCK, EFPATTERSON, DPSTUART, JRLAWRENCE, MHCalling Communications Corporation. 1900 West Garvey Ave
South. Suite 200 West Covina CA 91790 USA. Chairman of Calling Communications Corporation. He is also the Managing Director of Kinship Venture Management
Inc. the general partner of Kinship Partners 11 and a General Partner of Boundary the general partner of The Boundary Fund. As a venture capitalist he has founded or participated in founding several telecommunications companies including Calling Communications Corporation Magellan Systems Corporation
manufactures of Global Positioning System receivers Applied Digital Access
manufacturer of DS-3 test access and network performance monitoring equipment Endgate Technology Corporation
specialists in satellite phased array antennas and Poynting Systems Corporation. now a division of Reliance Corporation
manufacturers of fibre optic transport equipment. He was a founder of Kebby Microwave Corporation where he invented the first solid-state. frequency-modulated commercial microwave link system. The company was acquired by ITT Corporation where he rose to the position of V.P. and Technical Director of ITT North America Telecommunications Inc. Subsequently he was V.P. of Marketing and Engineering at American Telecommunications Inc. (ATC). He was founding Director of American Telecom Inc. a joint venture between ATC and Fujitsu and has served on more than 20 boards of directors including those of three public companies. He has authored articles on microwave engineering and telephone signalling and was a contributor to Reference Data For Radio Engineers. He is a graduate of the University of Missouri at Rolla where he was later awarded an honorary Professional degree and serves on its Academy of Electrical Engineering. Mr Tuck is a Senior Member of the IEEE a Fellow of the Institution of Engineers (Australia) a Professional Member of the AIAA and a registered professional engineer in three states. More than 25 years of experience in the telecommunications industry where he has been responsibl
There is a very large demand for basic telephone service in developing nations, and remote parts of industrialized nations, which cannot be met by conventional wireline and cellular systems. This is the world's la...
详细信息
There is a very large demand for basic telephone service in developing nations, and remote parts of industrialized nations, which cannot be met by conventional wireline and cellular systems. This is the world's largest unserved market. We describe a system which uses recent advances in active phased arrays, fast-packet switching technology, adaptive routeing, and light spacecraft technology, in part based on the work of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory and on recently-declassified work done on the Strategic Defense Initiative, to make it possible to address this market with a global telephone network based on a large low-Earth-orbit constellation of identical satellites. A telephone utility can use such a network to provide the same modern basic and enhanced telephone services offered by telephone utilities in the urban centres of fully-industrialized nations. Economies of scale permit capital and operating costs per subscriber low enough to provide a service to all subscribers, regardless of location, at prices comparable to the same services in urban areas of industrialized nations, while generating operating profits great enough to attract the capital needed for its construction. The bandwidth needed to support the capacity needed to gain these economies of scale requires that the system use K(alpha)-band frequencies. This choice of frequencies places unusual constraints on the network design, and in particular forces the use of a large number of satellites. Global demand for basic and enhanced telephone service is great enough to support at least three networks of the size described herein. The volume of advanced components, and services such as launch services, required to construct and replace these networks is sufficient to propel certain industries to market leadership positions in the early 21st Century.
暂无评论