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The impact of flooding from the Minjiang River on the succession of harmful algal blooms (HABs) caused by diatoms in China's offshore waters

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Marine Pollution Bulletin 2024年 205卷 116650页

作者： Lin, Yun-Chi Nien, Ya-Han Chiang, Kuo-Ping Chin, Chien-Pang Chen, Wei-Ting Gong, Gwo-Ching Chou, Wen-Chen Shih, Chi-Yu Chen, Kuo-Shu General Education Center National Taiwan Ocean University Keelung Taiwan Taiwan Ocean Genome Center National Taiwan Ocean University Keelung Taiwan Institute of Marine Environment and Ecology National Taiwan Ocean University Keelung Taiwan Center of Excellence for the Oceans National Taiwan Ocean University Keelung Taiwan Fisheries Research Institute Keelung Taiwan Bachelor Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology National Taiwan Ocean University Keelung Taiwan Marine Ecology and Conservation Research Center National Academy of Marine Research Kaohsiung Taiwan Marine Ecology and Conservation Research Center National Academy of Marine Research Ocean Affairs Council Kaohsiung Taiwan

This study examines diatom assemblages in the Matsu Archipelago, an area influenced by Minjiang River runoff. It focuses on harmful algal blooms (HABs) that occurred between August 2021 and July 2022. Utilizing 18S rRNA metabarcoding and microscopic analysis, we observed a significant diatom bloom during early summer runoff, peaking at 5 × 105 cells L−1. The research reveals dynamic community changes during the runoff season, with dominant genera including Pseudo-nitzschia, Chaetoceros, and Skeletonema. Skeletonema cell density correlated with NO3 levels, Chaetoceros had a slight PO4 affinity, and Pseudo-nitzschia showed a negative correlation with Skeletonema. Pseudo-nitzschia, which prefers high light and pH conditions, had notably high concentrations in the flood season and in the autumn. In both, it was dominated by potential toxin-producing species - P. multistriata and P. pungens during the flooding, and P. cuspidate in the autumn. These findings highlight the intricate relationship between diatom dynamics and environmental factors, providing essential insights for managing HABs, especially Pseudo-nitzschia species, amidst environmental changes. © 2024 The Authors

关键词： Runoff

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Pioneering Astaxanthin-Tumor Cell Membrane Nanoparticles for Innovative Targeted Drug Delivery on Melanoma

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International journal of nanomedicine 2024年 19卷 2395-2407页

作者： Jui-Jen Chang Yi-Chen Wang Shu-Hui Yang Ju-Yu Wu Ming-Wei Chang Hui-Min David Wang Department of Medical Research China Medical University Hospital China Medical University Taichung 40447 Taiwan. Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine China Medical University Taichung 40447 Taiwan. Division of Cardiology Department of Internal Medicine Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital Kaohsiung City 802 Taiwan. Institute of Medical Science and Technology National Sun Yat-sen University Kaohsiung 807 Taiwan. Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering National Chung Hsing University Taichung 402 Taiwan. Bachelor Program of Biotechnology National Chung Hsing University Taichung 402 Taiwan. Doctoral Program in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine National Chung Hsing University Taichung 402 Taiwan. Nanotechnology and Integrated Bioengineering Centre University of Ulster Belfast BT15 1AB Northern Ireland UK. Graduate Institute of Medicine College of Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung 807 Taiwan. Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology China Medical University Taichung 404 Taiwan. Center of Applied Nanomedicine National Cheng Kung University Tainan 701 Taiwan.

Background:Recently, the use of the tumor or its secretions as drug carriers has gradually become popular, with the advantages of high biocompatibility and enhanced drug delivery to specific cells. Melanoma is the most malignant tumor of all skin cancers; it is the most metastatic and, therefore, the most difficult to treat. The main purpose of this study is to develop nanovesicles with tumor cell membrane secretion properties to encapsulate target substances to enhance the therapeutic effect of cancer. Methods:Astaxanthin was selected as an anticancer drug due to our previous research finding that astaxanthin has extremely high antioxidant, anti-ultraviolet damage, and anti-tumor properties. The manufacturing method of the astaxanthin nanovesicle carrier is to mix melanoma cells and astaxanthin in an appropriate ratio and then remove the genetic material and inflammatory factors of cancer cells by extrusion. Results:In terms of results, after the co-culture of astaxanthin nanovesicles and melanoma cancer cells, it was confirmed that the ability of astaxanthin nanovesicles to inhibit the growth and metastasis of melanoma cancer cells was significantly better than the same amount of astaxanthin alone, and it had no effect on normal Human cells are also effective. There was no apparent harm on normal cells, indicating the ability of the vesicles to be selectively transported. Conclusion:Our findings illustrated the potential of astaxanthin nanovesicles as an anticancer drug.

关键词： astaxanthin melanoma nanoparticle

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In Situ Derived Sulfated/Sulfonated Carbon Nanogels with Multi-Protective Effects Against Influenza a Virus

SSRN

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Lin, Hung-Yun Luo, Ka-Long Mao, Ju-Yi Lin, Chin-Jung Wang, Chen-Yow Panny, Lauren Chen, Shiow-Yi Lin, Shih-Chao Huang, Chih-Ching Harroun, Scott G. Wang, Robert Y.L. Wu, Chang-Jer Center of Excellence for the Oceans National Taiwan Ocean University Keelung202301 Taiwan Department of Food Science National Taiwan Ocean University Keelung202301 Taiwan Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology National Taiwan Ocean University Keelung202301 Taiwan Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University BlacksburgVA24061 United States Bachelor's Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology College of Life Sciences National Taiwan Ocean University Keelung202301 Taiwan School of Pharmacy College of Pharmacy Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung80708 Taiwan Department of Engineering Physics Polytechnique Montréal MontréalQCH3T 1J4 Canada Division of Microbiology and Immunology Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences College of Medicine Chang Gung University Taoyuan33302 Taiwan Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology Asia University Taichung41354 Taiwan Graduate Institute of Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung80708 Taiwan

Pandemic outbreaks of H1N1 infections are frequently reported around the world. Despite the availability of influenza remedies, the high tendency for influenza virus to mutate can lead to the emergence of drug-resistant strains. Additionally, the adverse effects of current anti-flu drugs that can occur for some patients, such as potential psychiatric problems caused by oseltamivir, have led some countries to implement restrictions on the use of these drugs. In response to the urgent demand to explore and design novel antivirals, we have developed potent anti-flu materials derived from alginate (Alg) of seaweeds. Preparation involves a mixture of sodium alginate with ammonia sulfite (AS) in a one-step pyrolytic reaction, which forms carbonized nanogels (CNGs). We have characterized the chemical and physical properties of these Alg@AS CNGs, validated the anti-flu activity in vitro and in vivo, and explored the underlying mechanisms that Alg@AS CNGs could exert. Our results indicate that the Alg@AS CNGs have abundant sulfite/sulfate surface moieties, and that they have high biocompatibility and remarkable viral suppression properties against H1N1. The viral suppression of Alg@AS CNGs was shown to be superior to other sulfated polysaccharides, such as fucoidan, carrageenan, and chondroitin sulfate. The administration of Alg@AS CNGs to H1N1-infected cells and mice resulted in higher cellular viabilities and mouse survival rates, respectively. Improved pathological indices were observed in lung sections, which showed substantially reduced gene expression of inflammatory mediators in tissues upon Alg@AS CNG treatment. We further showed that the Alg@AS CNGs could inhibit H1N1 infection by binding to viral particles and lowering the oxidative stress in cells. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Nanogels

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P- 51 HEALTH EDUCATION AND SEROPREVALENCE OF HEV IN RURAL AND PERI-URBAN POPULATION, WITH AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITY IN BAHIA – BRAZIL - PRELIMINARY DATA

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Annals of Hepatology 2023年 28卷 100951-100951页

作者： Fernanda Anjos Bastos Uilza Miranda Ramon Mendes Dos Santos Caio Lopes Borges Andrade Robert Schaer Izabela Maria Del Rei Pereira Rosa Maria Izabel Cerqueira Da Silva E Silva Luiz Felipe Monteiro Darzé Mauricio De Souza Campos Sidelcina Ruggieri Pacheco Juçara Magalhães Simões Roberto Meyer Songeli Menezes Freire Maria Isabel Schinoni Graduate Program in Medicine and Health - UFBA Bahia Brazil Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology / LABIMUNO - Health Sciences Institute - UFBA Bahia Brazil Graduate Program in Immunology - UFBA Bahia Brazil Bachelor in Biotechnology - UFBA Bahia Brazil Graduate Program in Interactive Processes of Organs and Systems - UFBA Bahia Brazil Federal University of Bahia - Bahia Brazil University Hospital Professor Edgard Santos / HUPES - UFBA Bahia Brazil

Introduction and Objectives Hepatitis E is an infection caused by the E virus (HEV) with the fecal-oral transmission. The spectrum of the disease varies from acute form to chronic evolution. There are few studies in the rural region of Bahia State. This study aimed to study the seroprevalence of hepatitis E in a city in a rural region in Brazil. Materials and Methods Held in May 2022 at family health clinics (PSFs) in the city of Serrinha-Bahia State, with 80,000 inhabitants and 184.6 km from Salvador, capital city. Participants who agreed to integrate into the study signed the Free and Informed Consent Term, collected blood samples and answered the questionnaire. The samples were stored at -20°C until the moment of use; those that needed to be retested for IgM were transported on dry ice and frozen at -80°C. IgG and IgM anti-HEV diagnostic kits (mikrogen and Diapro) approved by ANVISA of MS in Brazil were used. Medical-educational activities were carried out in the units on the prevention of viral hepatitis and health Results Of a sample of 300 volunteers, actually, 150 blood samples were analyzed, the prevalence of anti-HEV IgM and IgG was 2.66%, and anti-HEV IgG alone was 8.6%. Most were women, 75.3%, and the average age was 43 years (18 to 78 years). Median liver enzymes in HEV-positive patients were AST (27.5 IU/L), ALT (21 IU/L), and GGT (58.5 IU/L). Among the samples, 81% of the residences were in rural areas, 90.5% did not have a sewage system, 94.6% had running water, and 39.5% worked or worked with animal husbandry. Only 1.4% experienced flooding. The majority, 95.4%, consume pork and/or derivatives and 19.7% consume hunting meat. Conclusions A seroprevalence of 8.6% was found, higher than the result in a parallel study of our team in Salvador City (1.8%) and associated with a lack of basic sanitation, especially in rural areas.

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Dietary limonene promotes gastrointestinal barrier function via upregulating tight/adherens junction proteins through cannabinoid receptor type-1 antagonistic mechanism and alters cellular metabolism in intestinal epithelial cells

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BioFactors (Oxford, England) 2024年第1期51卷 e2106页

作者： K J Senthil Kumar M Gokila Vani Gyaltsen Dakpa Sheng-Yang Wang Bachelor Program of Biotechnology National Chung Hsing University Taichung Taiwan. Center for General Education National Chung Hsing University Taichung Taiwan. Department of Forestry National Chung Hsing University Taichung Taiwan. Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences Program Taiwan International Graduate Program Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan. Graduate Institute of Biotechnology National Chung Hsing University Taichung Taiwan. Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan. Special Crop and Metabolome Discipline Cluster Academy of Circle Economy National Chung Hsing University Taichung Taiwan.

Limonene, a dietary monocyclic monoterpene commonly found in citrus fruits and various aromatic plants, has garnered increasing interest as a gastrointestinal protectant. This study aimed to assess the effects of limonene on intestinal epithelial barrier function and investigate the involvement of cannabinoid receptor type-1 (CB1R) in vitro. Additionally, the study focused on examining the metabolomic changes induced by limonene in the intestinal epithelial cells (Caco-2). Initial analysis of transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) revealed that both l-limonene and d-limonene, isomers of limonene, led to a dose- and time-dependent increase in TEER in normal cells and those inflamed by pro-inflammatory cytokines mixture (CytoMix). Furthermore, both types of limonene reduced CytoMix-induced paracellular permeability, as demonstrated by a decrease in Lucifer yellow flux. Moreover, d-limonene and l-limonene treatment increased the expression of tight junction molecules (TJs) such as occludin, claudin-1, and ZO-1, at both the transcriptional and translational levels. d-Limonene upregulates E-cadherin, a molecule involved in adherens junctions (AJs). Mechanistic investigations demonstrated that d-limonene and l-limonene treatment significantly inhibited CB1R at the protein, while the mRNA level remained unchanged. Notably, the inhibitory effect of d-limonene on CB1R was remarkably similar to that of pharmacological CB1R antagonists, such as rimonabant and ORG27569. d-limonene also alters Caco-2 cell metabolites. A substantial reduction in β-glucose and 2-succinamate was detected, suggesting limonene may impact intestinal epithelial cells' glucose uptake and glutamate metabolism. These findings suggest that d-limonene's CB1R antagonistic property could effectively aid in the recovery of intestinal barrier damage, marking it a promising gastrointestinal protectant.

关键词： CB1R adherence junction intestinal epithelial cells limonene metabolites tight junction

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Female tilapia, Oreochromis sp. mobilised energy differently for growth and reproduction according to living environment

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Scientific Reports 2024年第1期14卷 2903-2903页

作者： Razali, Ros Suhaida Rahmah, Sharifah Shirly-Lim, Yu Ling Ghaffar, Mazlan Abd Mazelan, Suhairi Jalilah, Mohamad Lim, Leong-Seng Chang, Yu Mei Liang, Li Qun Chen, Young-Mao Liew, Hon Jung Higher Institution Centre of Excellence Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries Universiti Malaysia Terengganu Terengganu Kuala Nerus 21030 Malaysia Faculty of Fisheries and Food Science Universiti Malaysia Terengganu Terengganu Kuala Nerus 21030 Malaysia Faculty of Science and Environment Marine Universiti Malaysia Terengganu Terengganu Kuala Nerus 21030 Malaysia Institute of Marine Biotechnology Universiti Malaysia Terengganu Terengganu Kuala Nerus 21030 Malaysia Borneo Marine Research Institute Universiti Malaysia Sabah Jalan UMS Sabah Kota Kinabalu 88400 Malaysia Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences Harbin China Bachelor Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology College of Life Sciences National Taiwan Ocean University Keelung Taiwan Center of Excellence for the Oceans National Taiwan Ocean University Keelung Taiwan

This study was conducted to investigate the energy mobilisation preference and ionoregulation pattern of female tilapia, Oreochromis sp. living in different environments. Three different treatments of tilapia as physiology compromising model were compared;tilapia cultured in recirculating aquaculture system (RAS as Treatment I-RAS), tilapia cultured in open water cage (Treatment II-Cage) and tilapia transferred from cage and cultured in RAS (Treatment III-Compensation). Results revealed that tilapia from Treatment I and III mobilised lipid to support gonadogenesis, whilst Treatment II tilapia mobilised glycogen as primary energy for daily exercise activity and reserved protein for growth. The gills and kidney Na+/K+ ATPase (NKA) activities remained relatively stable to maintain homeostasis with a stable Na+ and K+ levels. As a remark, this study revealed that tilapia strategized their energy mobilisation preference in accessing glycogen as an easy energy to support exercise metabolism and protein somatogenesis in cage culture condition, while tilapia cultured in RAS mobilised lipid for gonadagenesis purposes. © 2024. The Author(s).

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Green synthesis of silver and copper nanoparticles and their composites usingOcimum sanctumleaf extract displayed enhanced antibacterial, antioxidant and anticancer potentials

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Artificial Cells, Blood Substitutes, and biotechnology 2024年第1期52卷

作者： M. Ashokkumar K. Palanisamy A. Ganesh Kumar C. Muthusamy K. J. Senthil Kumar a Department of Physics Saveetha School of Engineering Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences Saveetha University Thandalam India b Department of Chemistry Srinivasan College of Arts and Science(Affiliated to Bharathidasan University Tiruchirappalli) Perambalur India c Department of Microbiology Centre for Research and Development Hindustan College of Arts & Science Kelambakkam India d Department of Biotechnology Srinivasan College of Arts and Science (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University Tiruchirappalli) Perambalur India e Center for General Education National Chung Hsing University Taichung Taiwanf Bachelor Program of Biotechnology National Chung Hsing University Taichung Taiwan

Green-synthesized silver and copper nanoparticles (NPs), along with their composites, exhibit various biological *** sanctum(Holy basil), traditionally used as medicine in South Asia, treats respiratory disorders, digestive issues, skin diseases and inflammatory conditions. Modern scientific studies support these bioactivities; however, no studies have investigated their bioactivity in combination with NPs. In this study, silver and copper NPs were synthesized using AgNO3and CuSO4·5H2O solutions, respectively, withOcimum sanctumleaf extract, and their antibacterial, antioxidant and anticancer properties were examined. Spectroscopic analyses, including Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), elucidated the physicochemical characteristics of the green-synthesized nanoparticles (Os-AgNPs andOs-CuNPs), revealing sizes of 11.7 and 13.1 nm, respectively. TheOs-AgNPs:Os-CuNPs nano-composite with a 1:2 ratio exhibited a zone of inhibition ranging from 8 to 12 mm against tested bacterial pathogens. Additionally, the NPs and their composites demonstrated potent antioxidant activity, with notable 2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity observed in composites with ratios of 2:1 and 1:2. Furthermore, they displayed potential anticancer activity against human leukaemia (Jurkat) cancer cells. Although no distinct difference in anticancer property was observed among the NPs and their composites, our study highlights their well-defined nanostructure and significant biological activity, suggesting their potential as therapeutic agents in the pharmaceutical *** AbstractDisplay full size

关键词： Silver nanoparticles copper nanoparticles nano-composites antioxidant antibacterial anticancer

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Effects of Antrodia cinnamomea solid culture mycelium by-products on growth performance and immune response in weaning black piglets

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Animal science journal = Nihon chikusan Gakkaiho 2024年第1期95卷 e13964页

作者： Shen Chang Chang Chun Ming Wang Jhih Siang Chang Li Jen Lin Min Jung Lin Shao Yu Peng Tzu Tai Lee Southern Region Branch Taiwan Livestock Research Institute Ministry of Agriculture Executive Yuan Pingtung Taiwan. Department of Animal Science National Chung Hsing University Taichung Taiwan. Pin-Guan Modern Livestock Co. Ltd Taichung Taiwan. School of Chinese Medicine College of Chinese Medicine China Medical University Taichung Taiwan. Bachelor of Program in Scientific Agriculture National Pingtung University of Science and Technology Pingtung Taiwan. Department of Animal Science National Pingtung University of Science and Technology Pingtung Taiwan. The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center National Chung Hsing University Taichung Taiwan. Smart Sustainable New Agriculture Research Center (SMARTer) National Chung Hsing University Taichung Taiwan.

This study evaluated the effects of supplementation with Antrodia cinnamomea mycelium by-product (ACBP) on growth performance and immune response in weaning piglets. Total available content and antioxidant capacity of ACBP were determined. Ninety-six black pigs were randomly distributed to 24 pens. Study compared four groups which were supplemented with ACBP at 0%, 2.5%, 5%, or 10% for 6 weeks after weaning at 4 weeks. Results showed that ACBP on total phenolic, total flavonoid, and total triterpenoids contents were 13.68 mg GAE/g DW, 1.67 μg QE/g DW, and 15.6 mg/g, respectively. Weaning piglets fed 2.5% ACBP showed a significant decreased body weight gain compared with those supplemented with 5% ACBP, 10% ACBP, and control groups. Results showed that all ACBP groups increased the villi height of jejunum significantly. Incidence of diarrhea in 11 weeks with supplementation with 5% and 10% ACBP diets were lower than in control group. The 10% ACBP group showed significantly lower expression of immune response genes (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, and IFN-γ) than the 2.5% and 5% ACBP groups. Based on results, dietary supplementation with 10% ACBP did not significantly affect body weight but could decrease piglet diarrhea condition and expression of IL-1β and IL-6 genes.

关键词： Antrodia cinnamomea mycelium antioxidant capacity diarrhea incidence immune response genes weaned piglet

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Ginger essential oil prevents NASH progression by blocking the NLRP3 inflammasome and remodeling the gut microbiota-LPS-TLR4 pathway in mice

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Nutrition & diabetes 2024年第1期14卷 65页

作者： Suraphan Panyod Wei-Kai Wu Ya-Chi Hsieh Yea-Jing Tseng Sin-Yi Peng Rou-An Chen Huai-Syuan Huang Yi-Hsun Chen Ting-Chin David Shen Chi-Tang Ho Chun-Jen Liu Hsiao-Li Chuang Chi-Chang Huang Ming-Shiang Wu Lee-Yan Sheen Institute of Food Science and Technology National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan ROC. Center for Food and Biomolecules National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan ROC. Department of Internal Medicine College of Medicine National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan ROC. Department of Medical Research National Taiwan University Hospital Taipei Taiwan ROC. Department of Internal Medicine National Taiwan University Hospital Taipei Taiwan ROC. Bachelor Program of Biotechnology and Food Nutrition National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan ROC. Division of Gastroenterology Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA. Department of Food Science Rutgers University New Brunswick NJ USA. National Laboratory Animal Center National Applied Research Laboratories Taipei Taiwan ROC. Graduate Institute of Sports Science National Taiwan Sport University Taoyuan City Taiwan ROC. Department of Internal Medicine College of Medicine National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan ROC. mingshiang@ntu.edu.tw. Department of Internal Medicine National Taiwan University Hospital Taipei Taiwan ROC. mingshiang@ntu.edu.tw. Institute of Food Science and Technology National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan ROC. lysheen@ntu.edu.tw. Center for Food and Biomolecules National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan ROC. lysheen@ntu.edu.tw. National Center for Food Safety Education and Research National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan ROC. lysheen@ntu.edu.tw.

BACKGROUND:Diet and gut microbiota contribute to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) progression. High-fat diets (HFDs) change gut microbiota compositions, induce gut dysbiosis, and intestinal barrier leakage, which facilitates portal influx of pathogen-associated molecular patterns including lipopolysaccharides (LPS) to the liver and triggers inflammation in NASH. Current therapeutic drugs for NASH have adverse side effects; however, several foods and herbs that exhibit hepatoprotection could be an alternative method to prevent NASH. METHODS:We investigated ginger essential oil (GEO) against palm oil-containing HFDs in LPS-injected murine NASH model. RESULTS:GEO reduced plasma alanine aminotransferase levels and hepatic pro-inflammatory cytokine levels; and increased antioxidant catalase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione levels to prevent NASH. GEO alleviated hepatic inflammation through mediated NLR family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and LPS/Toll-like receptor four (TLR4) signaling pathways. GEO further increased beneficial bacterial abundance and reduced NASH-associated bacterial abundance. CONCLUSION:This study demonstrated that GEO prevents NASH progression which is probably associated with the alterations of gut microbiota and inhibition of the LPS/TLR4/NF-κB pathway. Hence, GEO may offer a promising application as a dietary supplement for the prevention of NASH.

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Common dietary emulsifiers promote metabolic disorders and intestinal microbiota dysbiosis in mice

Communications biology

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Communications biology 2024年第1期7卷 749页

作者： Suraphan Panyod Wei-Kai Wu Chih-Ting Chang Naohisa Wada Han-Chen Ho Yi-Ling Lo Sing-Ping Tsai Rou-An Chen Huai-Syuan Huang Po-Yu Liu Yi-Hsun Chen Hsiao-Li Chuang Ting-Chin David Shen Sen-Lin Tang Chi-Tang Ho Ming-Shiang Wu Lee-Yan Sheen Institute of Food Science and Technology National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan ROC. Center for Food and Biomolecules National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan ROC. Department of Internal Medicine College of Medicine National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan ROC. Department of Medical Research National Taiwan University Hospital Taipei Taiwan ROC. Department of Internal Medicine National Taiwan University Hospital Taipei Taiwan ROC. Bachelor Program of Biotechnology and Food Nutrition National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan ROC. Biodiversity Research Center Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan ROC. Department of Anatomy Tzu Chi University Hualien Taiwan ROC. School of Medicine College of Medicine National Sun Yat-sen University Kaohsiung Taiwan ROC. National Laboratory Animal Center National Applied Research Laboratories Taipei Taiwan ROC. Division of Gastroenterology Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA. Department of Food Science Rutgers University New Brunswick NJ USA. Department of Internal Medicine College of Medicine National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan ROC. mingshiang@ntu.edu.tw. Department of Internal Medicine National Taiwan University Hospital Taipei Taiwan ROC. mingshiang@ntu.edu.tw. Institute of Food Science and Technology National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan ROC. lysheen@ntu.edu.tw. Center for Food and Biomolecules National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan ROC. lysheen@ntu.edu.tw. National Center for Food Safety Education and Research National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan ROC. lysheen@ntu.edu.tw.

Dietary emulsifiers are linked to various diseases. The recent discovery of the role of gut microbiota-host interactions on health and disease warrants the safety reassessment of dietary emulsifiers through the lens of gut microbiota. Lecithin, sucrose fatty acid esters, carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), and mono- and diglycerides (MDG) emulsifiers are common dietary emulsifiers with high exposure levels in the population. This study demonstrates that sucrose fatty acid esters and carboxymethylcellulose induce hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia in a mouse model. Lecithin, sucrose fatty acid esters, and CMC disrupt glucose homeostasis in the in vitro insulin-resistance model. MDG impairs circulating lipid and glucose metabolism. All emulsifiers change the intestinal microbiota diversity and induce gut microbiota dysbiosis. Lecithin, sucrose fatty acid esters, and CMC do not impact mucus-bacterial interactions, whereas MDG tends to cause bacterial encroachment into the inner mucus layer and enhance inflammation potential by raising circulating lipopolysaccharide. Our findings demonstrate the safety concerns associated with using dietary emulsifiers, suggesting that they could lead to metabolic syndromes.

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