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Identification of Software Bugs by Analyzing Natural Language-Based Requirements Using Optimized Deep Learning Features

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第3期78卷 4379-4397页

作者： Qazi Mazhar ul Haq Fahim Arif Khursheed Aurangzeb Noor ul Ain Javed Ali Khan Saddaf Rubab Muhammad Shahid Anwar Department of Computer Science and Engineering and International Bachelor’s Program in Informatics Yuan Ze UniversityZhongliTaoyuan320315Taiwan Department of Computer Science National University of PakistanRawalpindiPunjab46000Pakistan Department of Computer Software Engineering MCSNational University of Sciences and TechnologyIslamabad44000Pakistan Department of Computer Engineering College of Computer and Information SciencesKing Saud UniversityP.O.Box 51178Riyadh11543Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science School of PhysicsEngineering and Computer ScienceUniversity of HertfordshireHatfieldAL109ABUK Department of Computer Engineering College of Computing and InformaticsUniversity of SharjahSharjah27272United Arab Emirates Department of AI and Software Gachon UniversitySeongnam-SI13120South Korea

Software project outcomes heavily depend on natural language requirements,often causing diverse interpretations and issues like ambiguities and incomplete or faulty *** are exploring machine learning to predict software bugs,but a more precise and general approach is *** bug prediction is crucial for software evolution and user training,prompting an investigation into deep and ensemble learning ***,these studies are not generalized and efficient when extended to other ***,this paper proposed a hybrid approach combining multiple techniques to explore their effectiveness on bug identification *** methods involved feature selection,which is used to reduce the dimensionality and redundancy of features and select only the relevant ones;transfer learning is used to train and test the model on different datasets to analyze how much of the learning is passed to other datasets,and ensemble method is utilized to explore the increase in performance upon combining multiple classifiers in a *** National Aeronautics and Space Administration(NASA)and four Promise datasets are used in the study,showing an increase in the model’s performance by providing better Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve(AUC-ROC)values when different classifiers were *** reveals that using an amalgam of techniques such as those used in this study,feature selection,transfer learning,and ensemble methods prove helpful in optimizing the software bug prediction models and providing high-performing,useful end mode.

关键词： Natural language processing software bug prediction transfer learning ensemble learning feature selection

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From Pictures to Prompts: Analyzing and Reconstructing AI-Generated Images with BLIP2 and CLIP 24

From Pictures to Prompts: Analyzing and Reconstructing AI-Ge...

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8th International Conference on Natural Language Processing and information Retrieval, NLPIR 2024

作者： Kuo, Yi-Hsuan Chang, Hsien-Tsung Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering Chang Gung University Taoyuan China Bachelor Program in Artificial Intelligence Chang Gung University Taoyuan China

ISBN: (纸本)9798400717383

This study presents a novel approach to analyzing and reconstructing AI-generated images using BLIP2 and CLIP models, focusing on a dataset of 268,000 Midjourney-generated images and prompts. We introduce a multi-level feature classification system encompassing 11 categories and 1,100 features, and employ BLIP2 for descriptive text generation and CLIP for feature similarity analysis. Our methodology involves image pre-processing, custom feature extraction, and image reconstruction under various conditions. The effectiveness of our approach is demonstrated through similarity scores between original and reconstructed images, ranging from 68.15 to 71.25 across different feature extraction conditions. This research contributes to the fields of natural language processing and information retrieval by offering insights into AI-generated image analysis, proposing new methods for feature extraction and reconstruction, and suggesting avenues for improving image generation models and multi-modal understanding. © 2024 Copyright held by the owner/author(s).

关键词： Sentiment analysis

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Customer Service Chatbot Enhanced with Conversational Language Understanding and Knowledge Base 4

Customer Service Chatbot Enhanced with Conversational Langua...

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4th IEEE Eurasia Conference on IoT, Communication and engineering, ECICE 2022

作者： Chang, Chin-Chih Cheng, Wen-Shing Hsiao, Sean Chung Hua University Bachelor's Program in Applied Foreign Language and Smart Commerce Hsinchu Taiwan Chung Hua University Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering Hsinchu Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9781665482080

A customer service chatbot enhanced with conversational language understanding and knowledge base is developed. Here, we explore LUIS and QnA Maker which are unified as Azure cognitive service for language. LUIS is a cloudbased conversational AI service that responds a user intelligence. QnA maker is a knowledge base for custom question answering. This question-and-answer knowledge base is especially useful for customer dialogs. Hence, by combining the services, we provide a smart response and provide a knowledge base to understand and improve the service. We implement this chatbot on the LINE Bot platform. Users easily access it by simply adding the representative of this chatbot on LINE. In addition, we put marketing information through this chatbot. The experiments are conducted, and the results show the chatbot is feasible and has a high user acceptance. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Knowledge based systems

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Stock Price Prediction and Recommendation Approach Based on Machine Learning 4

Stock Price Prediction and Recommendation Approach Based on ...

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4th IEEE Eurasia Conference on IoT, Communication and engineering, ECICE 2022

作者： Chang, Chin-Chih Luo, Kei-Wen Hsiao, Sean Chung Hua University Bachelor's Program in Applied Foreign Language and Smart Commerce Hsinchu Taiwan Chung Hua University Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering Hsinchu Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9781665482080

Investment is a lifetime work. Investing in stocks is a popular measure. However, investing in stocks is not easy, and losing money is not uncommon. We investigate if there is a systematic way to find buyable stocks and more importantly when to buy and sell them. Nowadays, with the progress of hardwarel, artificial intelligence (AI) has become a feasible solution to many issues. Machine learning and deep learning are two widely adopted methods in AI. In this study, we show how to apply machine learning to stock prediction and recommendation. After trials, we found that LightGBM shows its potential to predict and recommend stocks. We used the data of the Taiwan stock market to validate the method. We compared the prediction and recommendation with the wellknown Taiwan ETFs 0050 and 0056. The results show that the method is feasible, effective, efficient, and has better performance than Taiwan ETFs 0050 and 0056. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Deep learning

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Brain Tumor Detection and Segmentation Using Deep Learning Models 6

Brain Tumor Detection and Segmentation Using Deep Learning M...

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6th World Symposium on Artificial Intelligence, WSAI 2024

作者： Abiodun, Moses Kazeem Adeniyi, Abidemi Emmanuel Awotunde, Joseph Bamidele Aworinde, Halleluyah Tinuoye, George Imoize, Agbotiname Lucky Li, Chun-Ta Lee, Cheng-Chi Landmark University Department of Computer Science Kwara State Omu-Aran Nigeria Bowen University Department of Computer Science Osun State Iwo Nigeria University of Ilorin Department of Computer Science Kwara State Ilorin Nigeria University of Lagos Faculty of Engineering Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Akoka Nigeria Fu Jen Catholic University Bachelor's Program of Artificial Intelligence and Information Security New Taipei City Taiwan Fu Jen Catholic University Department of Library and Information Science New Taipei City Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9798350374162

This study focuses on brain tumor detection and segmentation using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) with architectures of Fully Convolutional Net-work (FCN) and VGG16. The dataset imported for this study consists of brain MRI images, which were preprocessed to improve the overall image resolution. Data augmentation techniques were applied to heighten the variability and volume of the training data. For feature extraction, CNN models were utilized, specifically the VGG16 architectures. This model was trained on a preprocessed dataset to learn the important features associated with the presence of brain tumor. Image segmentation was performed to precisely outline and identify the tumor region within the brain images. FCN architecture was employed for this task, which allowed pixel-level classification of tumor regions. Finally, image classification was carried out to group brain images based on the absence or presence of a tumor. The trained models were evaluated using accuracy, precision, recall and F1score as the performance metrics. The results of the study demonstrated promising outcomes, achieving an accuracy score of 93% and a precision, recall and f1score ranging from 75% to 100% based on the specific type of tumor enlisted. This indicates that the developed CNN models, with the FCN and VGG16 architectures, effectively detect and segment brain tumors from MRI images. The findings of this study contribute to the field of medical image analysis and gives a foundation for further research and development in brain tumor diagnosis and treatment. The study recommends the use of more deep learning algorithms for the process of detecting brain tumors. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Convolutional neural networks

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Comments on a Blockchain-Enabled Privacy-Preserving Scheme for Demand-Response Management in Smart Grid Environments

Comments on a Blockchain-Enabled Privacy-Preserving Scheme f...

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International Conference on Applied System Innovation (ICASI)

作者： Ya-Fen Chang Jia-Yen Wu Wei-Liang Tai Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Taichung University of Science and Technology Taichung Taiwan Bachelor Degree Program of Artificial Intelligence National Taichung University of Science and Technology Taichung Taiwan

ISBN: (数字)9798350394924

ISBN: (纸本)9798350394931

To protect privacy, Park et al. proposed a blockchain-enabled privacy-preserving scheme (BPPS) to achieve demand response in the smart grid environment. Park et al. claimed that their scheme could resist various attacks and ensure both of privacy and data integrity. However, with thorough analysis of their scheme, we find that it suffers from three flaws.

关键词： Privacy Technological innovation Resists Load management Denial-of-service attack Demand response Smart meters

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YNote: A Novel Music Notation for Fine-Tuning LLMs in Music Generation

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Lu, Shao-Chien Yeh, Chen-Chen Cho, Hui-Lin Hsu, Chun-Chieh Hsu, Tsai-Ling Wu, Cheng-Han Shih, Timothy K. Lin, Yu-Cheng Department of Computer Science and Engineering Yuan Ze University Taoyuan Taiwan International Bachelor Program in Informatics Yuan Ze University Taoyuan Taiwan Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Central University Taoyuan Taiwan

The field of music generation using Large Language Models (LLMs) is evolving rapidly, yet existing music notation systems, such as MIDI, ABC Notation, and MusicXML, remain too complex for effective fine-tuning of LLMs. These formats are difficult for both machines and humans to interpret due to their variability and intricate structure. To address these challenges, we introduce YNote, a simplified music notation system that uses only four characters to represent a note and its pitch. YNote’s fixed format ensures consistency, making it easy to read and more suitable for fine-tuning LLMs. In our experiments, we fine-tuned GPT-2 (124M) on a YNote-encoded dataset and achieved BLEU and ROUGE scores of 0.883 and 0.766, respectively. With just two notes as prompts, the model was able to generate coherent and stylistically relevant music. We believe YNote offers a practical alternative to existing music notations for machine learning applications and has the potential to significantly enhance the quality of music generation using LLMs. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

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Real-time multilingual speech recognition and speaker diarization system based on Whisper segmentation

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PeerJ Computer science 2024年 10卷 e1973-e1973页

作者： Lyu, Ke-Ming Lyu, Ren-yuan Chang, Hsien-Tsung Computer Science and Information Engineering Chang Gung University Taoyuan Taiwan Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Taoyuan Taiwan Bachelor Program in Artificial Intelligence Chang Gung University Taoyuan Taiwan

This research presents the development of a cutting-edge real-time multilingual speech recognition and speaker diarization system that leverages OpenAI’s Whisper model. The system specifically addresses the challenges of automatic speech recognition (ASR) and speaker diarization (SD) in dynamic, multispeaker environments, with a focus on accurately processing Mandarin speech with Taiwanese accents and managing frequent speaker switches. Traditional speech recognition systems often fall short in such complex multilingual and multispeaker contexts, particularly in SD. This study, therefore, integrates advanced speech recognition with speaker diarization techniques optimized for real-time applications. These optimizations include handling model outputs efficiently and incorporating speaker embedding technology. The system was evaluated using data from Taiwanese talk shows and political commentary programs, featuring 46 diverse speakers. The results showed a promising word diarization error rate (WDER) of 2.68% in twospeaker scenarios and 11.65% in three-speaker scenarios, with an overall WDER of 6.96%. This performance is comparable to that of non-real-time baseline models, highlighting the system’s ability to adapt to various complex conversational dynamics, a significant advancement in the field of real-time multilingual speech processing. © 2024 Lyu et al.

关键词： Real time systems

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High-Capacity Double-Layer Data Hiding Technique Based on 3D Magic Cube 25th

High-Capacity Double-Layer Data Hiding Technique Based on 3D...

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25th International Computer Symposium on New Trends in Computer Technologies and Applications, ICS 2022

作者： Weng, Hao-Yu Tsai, Min-Yi Wang, Wei-Jen Huang, Cheng-Ta Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Central University Taoyuan City320 Taiwan Department of Information Management Yuan Ze University Taoyuan City320 Taiwan International Bachelor Program in Informatics Yuan Ze University Taoyuan City320 Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9789811995811

information technology and the Internet have progressed rapidly in people’s lives, the privacy of information has become an important issue due to the accessibility of data. Therefore, to enhance information security and privacy protection, this paper proposes a new high-capacity method for data hiding. The proposed method is based on 3D magic cube with double layers embedding. In the field of data hiding, the reference matrix-based methods attract many researchers because of its high-capacity. Recently, as the needs of the high payloads of the stego-image, the multi-layers-based technique is applied to provide larger embedding capacity. However, the image after data embedding will cause serious distortions, especially on multi-layers embedding, hence, keeping the image at a good visual quality and achieving high-payloads are the main challenges for data hiding. In this scheme, we take advantage of 3D magic cube and 3D reference space with double layers embedding for our data hiding technique to improve the embedding payloads. The experimental results show that our method not only provides good embedding capacity (4.00 bpp) but also keeps the image at acceptable quality (In terms of PSNR > 30). © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

关键词： Embeddings

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Acoustic Scene Classification Using Perceptually Weighted Log Mel Spectrogram and Buttom-up Broadcast Neural Network

Acoustic Scene Classification Using Perceptually Weighted Lo...

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IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics-Taiwan (ICCE-TW)

作者： Riyad Ali Ahmad Abuirbaiha Chang-Hsing Lee Cheng Chang Lien Ph.D. Program in Engineering Science Chung Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan Bachelor Program in Industrial Artificial Intelligence Ming Chi University of Technology New Taipei City Taiwan Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering Chung Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan

ISBN: (数字)9798350386844

ISBN: (纸本)9798350386851

The study explores various 2D feature representations including spectrogram, MFCC spectrogram, log Mel-spectrogram, and the perceptual weighted log Mel-spectrogram (PW-LMSP) for acoustic scene classification (ASC). These 2D feature representations were classified using a bottom-up broadcast neural network (BBNN). The experimental results have shown that PW-LMSP outperforms other 2D representations. Further, the proposed method (PW-LMSP with BBNN) achieves accuracies of 91.2% and 91.6% respectively on the DCASE2018 and DCASE2019 development datasets, outperforming all the submissions in DCASE2018 and DCASE2019, as well as state-of-the-art approaches.

关键词： Scene classification Accuracy Neural networks LoRa Feature extraction Acoustics Mel frequency cepstral coefficient

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