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Electrochromic polymers based on 2,5-di(thiophen-2-yl)thieno[3,2-b] thiophene and thiophene derivatives as potential anodic layers for high performance electrochromic devices

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JOURNAL OF THE TAIWAN INSTITUTE OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERS 2021年 125卷 41-57页

作者： Kuo, Chung-Wen Chang, Jui-Cheng Huang, Wun-Cian Lee, Pei-Ying Wu, Tzi-Yi Natl Kaohsiung Univ Sci & Technol Dept Chem & Mat Engn Kaohsiung 80778 Taiwan Natl Yunlin Univ Sci & Technol Dept Chem Engn & Mat Engn Touliu 64002 Yunlin Taiwan Natl Yunlin Univ Sci & Technol Bachelor Program Interdisciplinary Studies Touliu 64002 Yunlin Taiwan

A 2,5-di(2-thienyl)thieno[3,2-b]thiophene (dTT)-containing homopolymer (PdTT) and four dTT-containing copolymers (P(dTT-co-bTp (2,20-bithiophene)), P(dTT-co-TF), P(dTT-co-CPdT) and P(dTT-co-CPdTK)) were polymerized using electrochemical method and their electrochromic switching properties were explored. dTT shows lower onset oxidized potential (E-onset) than that of bTp, conjecturing that dTT displays more extended conjugated degree than that of bTp ring. PdTT film presents camel, olive green, and dark blue at 0.0, 0.8 and 1.0 V, respectively. Colorful-to-colorless switching investigations of polymeric films display that P(dTT-co-bTp) has high Delta T (41.3% at 1070 nm) and eta (149.4 cm(2)/C at 1070 nm) in 0.2 M LiClO4/ACN/DCM solution. Five dual-layer complementary electrochromic devices based on PdTT, P(dTT-co-bTp), P(dTT-co-TF), P(dTT-co-CPdT) or P(dTT-co-CPdTK) as the anodic layer and PEDOT-PSS as the cathodic layer are assembled. P(dTT-co-TF)/PEDOT-PSS ECD exhibits high Delta T (44.7% at 680 nm) and satisfactory electrochemical redox stability, while P(dTT-co-CPdT)/PEDOT-PSS ECD displays high eta (656.5 cm(2)/C at 686 nm) and rapid switching time (<= 0.9 s). On the basis of these findings, the present work offers new structural insights for significant design of large contrast and multicolored electrochromic electrodes. Background: The thieno[3,2-b]thiophene (TT) unit is a fused heterocyclic ring, its coplanar structure and electron-donating ability can enhance carrier transporting properties of polymer chain. A 2,5-di(2-thienyl) thieno[3,2-b]thiophene (dTT) unit displays more extended conjugated degree than that of bTp, it is interesting to explore the multichromic behaviors of five dTT-based polymers and their corresponding ECDs upon applying various potentials. Methods: A dTT-containing homopolymer (PdTT) and four dTT-containing copolymers (P(dTT-co-bTp), P (dTT-co-TF), P(dTT-co-CPdT) and P(dTT-co-CPdTK)) are polymerized using electrochemical method. The sp

关键词： Electrochromic electrode Electrosynthesis Transmittance Response time Electrochromic switching Electrochromic device

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A research of Hartmann-Shack Wavefront Aberration measurement system validation technology 8

A research of Hartmann-Shack Wavefront Aberration measuremen...

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8th IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics-Taiwan (ICCE-TW) - Driving World to 5G and Beyond with Consumer Technology

作者： Lin, Ching-Huang Wang, Hsuan-Fu Pan, Hong-Yang Natl Yunlin Univ Sci & Technol Dept Elect Engn Touliu Yunlin Taiwan Natl Yunlin Univ Sci & Technol Bachelor Program Interdisciplinary Studies R&D Ctr Intelligent Elect Prod Touliu Yunlin Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9781665433280

This study based on Hartmann-Shack system to provide a non-contact system measuring Wavefront Aberration. Hartmann-Shack system set by optical component can realize that changing optical component to adjust the system. At the end, getting the aberration of normal lens between the simulation by ZEMAX software and comparing with the actual aberration that calculated by Zernike polynomials in software Matlab. To ensure the stability of system.

关键词： Hartmann-Shack Wavefront Aberration Zernike

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Two-Step Process of a Crystal Facet-Modulated BiVO4 Photoanode for Efficiency Improvement in Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Evolution

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ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022年第21期14卷 24919-24928页

作者： Lai, Chien-Chih Chen, Jie-Wen Chang, Jui-Cheng Kuo, Che-Yu Liu, Yu-Chen Yang, Jan-Chi Hsieh, Yi-Ting Tseng, Shih-Wen Pu, Ying-Chih Natl Univ Tainan Dept Mat Sci Tainan 70005 Taiwan Natl Yunlin Univ Sci & Technol Dept Chem & Mat Engn Touliu 64002 Yunlin Taiwan Natl Yunlin Univ Sci & Technol Bachelor Program Interdisciplinary Studies Touliu 64002 Yunlin Taiwan Natl Cheng Kung Univ Dept Phys Tainan 70101 Taiwan Soochow Univ Dept Chem Taipei 11102 Taiwan Natl Cheng Kung Univ Core Facil Ctr Tainan 70101 Taiwan

The photoactivity of nanoporous bismuth vanadate (BiVO4, BVO) photoanodes that were fabricated by a two-step process (electrodeposition and then thermal conversion) in photoelectrochemical (PEC) hydrogen (H-2) evolution can be enhanced about 1.44-fold by improving the constitutive ratio of (11 (1) over bar), (061), and (24 (2) over bar) crystal facets. The PEC characterization was carried out to investigate the factors altering the performance, which revealed that the crystal facet modulation could improve the photoactivity of the BVO photoanodes. In addition, the orientation-controlled BVO thin-film electrodes are introduced as evidence that the present crystal facet modulation is the positive effect for BVO photoanodes in PEC. The investigation of energy band structures and interfacial charge carrier dynamics of the BVO photoanodes reveals that the crystal facet modulation could result in a shorter lifetime of charge carrier recombination and larger band bending at the interface between BVO and electrolytes. This outcome could improve the charge separation and charge transfer efficiencies of BVO photoanodes, promoting the efficiency of PEC H-2 evolution. Moreover, this crystal facet modulation can combine with co-catalyst decoration to further improve the solar-to-hydrogen efficiency of BVO photoanodes in PEC. This study presents a potential strategy to promote the PEC activity by crystal facet modulation and important insights into the interfacial charge transfer properties of semiconductor photoelectrodes for the application in solar fuel generation.

关键词： crystal facet modulation BiVO4 photoelectrochemical interfacial charge carrier dynamics hydrogen evolution

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A study of Wavefront Aberration Measurement Technology based on Centroid Calculation 8

A study of Wavefront Aberration Measurement Technology based...

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8th IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics-Taiwan (ICCE-TW) - Driving World to 5G and Beyond with Consumer Technology

作者： Lin, Ching-Huang Wang, Hsuan-Fu Huang, Zi-Ren Natl Yunlin Univ Sci & Technol Dept Elect Engn Touliu Yunlin Taiwan Natl Yunlin Univ Sci & Technol R&D Ctr Intelligent Elect Prod Bachelor Program Interdisciplinary Studies Touliu Yunlin Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9781665433280

The basic structure of the Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor (SHWFS) is a microlens array and a set of sensors. Some conditions before the light enters the sensor from the imaging system cause the pixels to sense uneven light and generate a lot of noise in the image. Therefore, a set of noise filtering methods is needed to reduce the influence of noise in the image. Theoretically, the strongest point of the laser spot can be regarded as the center of mass of the laser spot. In this study, the best focus is used to capture the image. Perform image processing and use the program to evaluate various weights and thresholds to obtain centroid coordinates. The centroid control group will be used as an unaffected standard reference in the future. After that, the system adds an experimental group that changes the light wave front to perform quality control. The calculation of the wavefront value obtained by evaluating the position of the light spot, Zernike coefficient and Zemax can be used to verify the accuracy of the calculated wavefront aberration.

关键词： Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor Image processing programe wavefront aberration

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AIoT-based Audio Recognition System for Smart Home Applications 8

AIoT-based Audio Recognition System for Smart Home Applicati...

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8th IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics-Taiwan (ICCE-TW) - Driving World to 5G and Beyond with Consumer Technology

作者： Chen, Bo-Wei Jhang, Yu-Syuan Pai, Hao-Ting Wang, Szu-Hong Sheu, Ming-Hwa Chen, Tzu-Hsiung Natl Yunlin Univ Sci & Technol Dept Elect Engn Touliu Yunlin Taiwan Natl Yunlin Univ Sci & Technol Bachelor Program Interdisciplinary Studies Touliu Yunlin Taiwan Taipei City Univ Sci & Technol Dept Comp Engn Taipei Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9781665433280

In this paper, we design an audio recognition system to detect events of lighters sound, which names Audio Recognition System (ARS). ARS is composed of AIOT device (i.e. Raspberry Pi), deep-learning-based analytics, and real-time alarming advisory (e.g. Line Notify). We conduct experiments with 8,000 observations. The result shows ARS achieves 97% accuracy in a quiet place and 94% accuracy in a noisy environment.

关键词： Training Conferences Smart homes Frequency conversion Real-time systems Noise measurement

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RoboRIO-based Crop Harvesting Robot

RoboRIO-based Crop Harvesting Robot

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International Symposium on Computer, Consumer and Control (IS3C)

作者： Hsia, Kuo-Hsien Yang, Bo-Jun Huang, Ze-Yu Hsiao, Jia-Ming Natl Yunlin Univ Sci & Technol Bachelor Program Interdisciplinary Studies Touliu Taiwan Natl Yunlin Univ Sci & Technol Dept Elect Engn Touliu Taiwan Natl Yunlin Univ Sci & Technol Grad Sch Engn Sci & Technol Touliu Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9781728193625

Due to the change in life style and the gradual rise of health awareness, more and more people have given up their jobs, returned to the countryside, and bought or rented a small piece of land to live the life of small farmers. Therefore, small agricultural machinery will gradually have a place in the future market. In this paper, aiming at small and medium-sized farmers of cucumber planting, we have designed a prototype of a mobile robot for harvesting low-hanging crop like cucumbers. It is based on the NI roboRIO controller, and Mecanum-wheels are used as the moving wheel. After preliminary real-machine simulation, it was verified that the designed robot can meet the needs of assisting the harvesting of hanging crops.

关键词： Crop harvesting NI roboRIO image recognition Mecanum wheel

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Using learning time as metrics: an artificial intelligence driven risk assess framework to evaluate DDoS cyber attack

Using learning time as metrics: an artificial intelligence d...

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8th International Multi-Conference on Engineering and Technology Innovation (IMETI)

作者： Chen, Yen-Hung Chang, Arthur Huang, ChunWei Natl Taipei Univ Nursing & Hlth Sci Dept Informat Management Taipei Taiwan Natl Yunlin Univ Sci & Technol Bachelor Program Interdisciplinary Studies Touliu Yunlin Taiwan Natl Taiwan Univ Sci & Technol Dept Informat Management Taipei Taiwan

The cloud computing and Internet of Things (IoT) have become two key technologies to meet future business requirements. However, a massive scale of Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) has been widely applied to congest network critical links and to paralyze the cloud and IoT service. This is mainly due to DDoS is easily implemented, obfuscated, and occulted by launching large-scale legitimate low-speed flows and rolling target links to paralyze target network areas. Many metrics and risk access management frameworks to evaluate the impact of DDoS are proposed. However, they all lack time granularity to evaluate the cost of different scales of attacks in IoT or large-scale network structure. This study proposes an AI Driven Evaluation framework, called ADE, that applies Convolution Neural Networks to statistically evaluate the network status through end-to-end functionality (Input: network status;Output: DDoS detected or not) without any manual intervention. ADE provides quantitative security risk analysis by using learning time as the control variable, network structure as the independent variable, and time to identify DDoS as the dependent variable. The learning time to detect DDoS event and recover the system is then applied to evaluate the scale of this DDoS, the reasonability of the regulated RTO, and the vulnerability of the current net-work topology and the improvement due to the new security solution. The experiment results demonstrate the contributions of ADEare (1) providing objective and quantitative analytical security risk assessment indicator, (2) providing an autonomic DDoS defense framework without any manual intervention which allows cloud computing and Internet of Things company focuses on their service and leaves security defending to ADE, and (3) demonstrating the possibility of AI assisted risk assessment which enables security defense solution buyer with less security domain experts to evaluate suitable network defense strategy.

关键词： SDN machine learning IoT mobile broadband convolutional neural networks distributed denial-of-service

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Bowling Pinsetter Implementation with VEX IQ 15

Bowling Pinsetter Implementation with VEX IQ

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International Siberian Conference on Control and Communications (SIBCON)

作者： Hsia, Kuo-Hsien Chen, Ya-Chun Lin, Guang-Rong Natl Yunlin Univ Sci & Technol Bachelor Program Interdisciplinary Studies Touliu Yunlin Taiwan Natl Yunlin Univ Sci & Technol Grad Sch Engn Sci & Technol Touliu Yunlin Taiwan Natl Yunlin Univ Sci & Technol Dept OfElect Engn Touliu Yunlin Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9781728185040

The goal of this paper is to make a fully automatic bowling pinsetter with VEX IQ. We used motors, sensors and parts of VEX IQ to create a bowling mechanism that was originally operated by metal and pneumatic cylinders. In this paper, it is necessary to overcome the small hardness of plastic parts and the need for a stable bracket to support larger works. It is also necessary to overcome the horsepower output of the VEX IQ motor to drive each structure. And use the sensor setting position and programming to make up for the problem of the VEX IQ host being unable to connect to each other.

关键词： Educational robot bowling pinsetter VEX IQ

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Impacts of a dynamic grouping strategy on students' learning effectiveness and experience value in an item bank-based collaborative practice system

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BRITISH JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY 2020年第1期51卷 36-52页

作者： Chen, Beyin Hwang, Gwo-Haur Lin, Tze-Shiun Ling Tung Univ Dept Informat Networking & Syst Adm Taichung Taiwan Natl Yunlin Univ Sci & Technol Bachelor Program Interdisciplinary Studies 123Sec 3Univ Rd Touliu 64002 Yunlin Taiwan

Past research has pointed out that a good grouping strategy can improve the learning effectiveness of collaborative learning. However, the grouping strategy adopted in most past research is static grouping. This results in some disadvantages. Therefore, this study developed an item bank-based collaborative practice system and proposed a dynamic grouping method which uses the concepts of weighted quizzes and bit coding as the rule of a regrouping algorithm. The method and the traditional static method were applied to two classes of sophomore students of a university of science and technology in the central region of Taiwan. There were 76 valid samples which included 38 students of the experimental group and 38 of the control group. The control group adopted the static grouping method, and the experimental group adopted the dynamic grouping method. The experimental duration was 9 weeks of 3 hours per week. Experimental results showed that the collaborative experience value and the learning effectiveness of the experimental group were significantly greater than those of the control group. This indicates that the experimental group students made more efforts to conduct coordination, discussion and finally reach consensus with their partners, and made greater progress than the control group students.

关键词： dynamic grouping strategy learning effectiveness experience value Collaborative learning an item bank-based system

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Unnecessary risks created by uncontrolled rocket reentries

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NATURE ASTRONOMY 2022年第9期6卷 1093-1097页

作者： Byers, Michael Wright, Ewan Boley, Aaron Byers, Cameron Univ British Columbia Dept Polit Sci Vancouver BC Canada Univ British Columbia Interdisciplinary Studies Grad Program Vancouver BC Canada Univ British Columbia Dept Phys & Astron Vancouver BC Canada Univ Victoria Bachelor Engn Program Victoria BC Canada

Each uncontrolled rocket body in orbit poses a low casualty risk on reentry. But the cumulative risk is unacceptable and disproportionately borne by the Global South. Spacefaring states must stop exporting these risks and plan for safer reentries. Most space launches result in uncontrolled rocket body reentries, creating casualty risks for people on the ground, at sea and in aeroplanes. These risks have long been treated as negligible, but the number of rocket bodies abandoned in orbit is growing, while rocket bodies from past launches continue to reenter the atmosphere due to gas drag. Using publicly available reports of rocket launches and data on abandoned rocket bodies in orbit, we calculate approximate casualty expectations due to rocket body reentries as a function of latitude. The distribution of rocket body launches and reentries leads to the casualty expectation (that is, risk to human life) being disproportionately borne by populations in the Global South, with major launching states exporting risk to the rest of the world. We argue that recent improvements in technology and mission design make most of these uncontrolled reentries unnecessary, but that launching states and companies are reluctant to take on the increased costs involved. Those national governments whose populations are being put at risk should demand that major spacefaring states act, together, to mandate controlled rocket reentries, create meaningful consequences for non-compliance and thus eliminate the risks for everyone.

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