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Evaluation of abilities of Pleurotus pulmonarius crude extract as a natural food additive in roasted chilli paste

Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] 2025年 2025 May 20页

作者： Rawita Osit Atchara Nuphet Phoem Bachelor of Science Program in Biotechnology Faculty of Science and Technology Songkhla Rajabhat University Muang Songkhla 90000 Thailand. Bachelor of Science Program in Biotechnology Faculty of Science and Technology Songkhla Rajabhat University Muang Songkhla 90000 Thailand. atchara.ph@skru.ac.th.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the crude extracts in controlling Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus, as well as the shelf life of the roasted chilli paste. Crude extract was obtained from the volva of Indian oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus pulmonarius) and used to replace preservatives in roasted chilli paste. Thirty isolates of S. aureus and B. cereus were inhibited by crude extract through the disc diffusion method. At a concentration of 2,500 µg/ml, the crude extract inhibited 23 (76.67%) and 20 (66.67%) isolates of S. aureus and B. cereus, respectively, with an inhibition zone size of 7-10 mm. The broth microdilution method was employed in this study to determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of the crude extract, and it was observed that the extract at a concentration of 1,000 µg/ml was able to inhibit 18 (60.00%) and 16 (53.00%) isolates of S. aureus and B. cereus, respectively. For the purpose of Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC), the crude extract at a concentration of 1,000 µg/ml was found to kill 16 (53.00%) and 14 (46.00%) isolates of S. aureus and B. cereus, respectively. At a concentration of 4,000 µg/ml, the crude extract had an inhibitory effect from hour 6, lowering S. aureus (Sa16 and Sa21) and B. cereus (Bc5 and Bc12) below the limit of detection (less than 2 log cfu/ml) at 24 h. The ability of the crude extract to inhibit both types of bacteria was observed to be unaffected by heat treatment to a temperature of 65ºC for 30 min (pasteurisation) as well as by no heat treatment at all. The phenolic compounds of the crude extract treated by pasteurisation and without heat treatment were higher than that of the crude extract treated by sterilisation at 121ºC for 15 min. The quality and safety of roasted chilli paste were analysed during storage at 25ºC for 8 months. The quality and safety of roasted chilli paste with crude extract were within the acceptability limit of water activity, total viable

关键词： Food spoilage bacteria Indian oyster mushroom Natural food additive Roasted chilli paste Shelf life extension

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Excessive mitochondrial fission and associated extracellular mitochondria mediate cardiac dysfunction in obesity cardiomyopathy

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Life sciences 2025年 373卷

作者： Li, Sin-Jin Tetri, Laura H. Vijayan, Vijith Elezaby, Aly Chiang, Chun-Hsien Lopez, Ivan Ostberg, Nicolai P. Cornell, Timothy T. Chen, Ching-Yi Haileselassie, Bereketeab Bachelor Program of Biotechnology and Food and Nutrition National Taiwan University Taipei 10617 Taiwan Institute of Biotechnology National Taiwan University Taipei 10617 Taiwan Department of Animal Science and Technology National Taiwan University Taipei 10672 Taiwan Department of Pediatrics Stanford University of School of Medicine Stanford 94305 CA United States Department of Anesthesiology Perioperative and Pain Medicine Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford 94305 CA United States Department of Chemical and Systems Biology Stanford University Stanford 94305 CA United States

Aims: Obesity cardiomyopathy (OCM) is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction caused by altered mitochondrial dynamics. Extracellular mitochondria (exMito) are released following tissue injury under various conditions. While the excessive mitochondrial fission-mediated release of exMito as a mechanism for mitochondrial quality control in several inflammatory disorders, its role in OCM remains unclear. The present work aimed to determine if excessive mitochondrial fission and associated exMito mediate the chronic inflammatory response and cardiac remodeling in OCM. Materials and methods: H9c2 cardiomyoblasts were treated with 200 μM palmitate (PA) to induce lipotoxicity. C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks to induce OCM. P110, a peptide inhibitor of Drp1/Fis1 interaction, was used to evaluate the impact of excessive mitochondrial fission on cardiac mitochondrial function, quality, and quantity of exMito, systemic inflammatory response, and cardiac contractile function in both models of OCM. Key findings: PA induced excessive mitochondrial fission, increased oxidative stress, decreased ATP level, and damaged exMito release in vitro. Exposure of naïve cardiomyoblasts to exMito isolated from PA treated cells resulted in mitochondrial dysfunction and a pro-inflammatory response. In vivo, HFD induced cardiac mitochondrial and contractile dysfunction, exMito release, and a pro-inflammatory response. Inhibition of Drp1/Fis1 interaction with P110 attenuated the observed effects both in vitro and in vivo. Significance: P110 limited lipid-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and decreased exMito release, subsequently improving the inflammatory state and contractile function in our OCM model. Drp1/Fis1 dependent fission and associated exMito release might serve as a therapeutic target for obesity induced cardiomyopathy. © 2025 Elsevier Inc.

关键词： Extracellular mitochondria Fission Lipotoxicity Mitochondrial dynamics Obesity cardiomyopathy P110

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Highly selective Cu2+ detection with a naphthalimide-functionalised pillararene fluorescent chemosensor

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Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry 2023年第4期22卷 745-752页

作者： Chang, Rong Chen, Chan-Yu Gao, Liya Li, Yana Lee, Zui-Harng Zhao, Hongxia Sue, Andrew C.-H. Chang, Kai-Chi College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University 422 Siming South Rd Siming District Fujian Province Xiamen361005 China Bachelor Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology National Taiwan Ocean University Keelung202 Taiwan School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Tianjin University 92 Weijin Rd Nankai District Tianjin300072 China

Ligand 1, a rim-differentiated pillar[5]arene macrocycle modified with five naphthalimide groups through click chemistry, serves as an effective ratiometric fluorescent chemosensor for Cu2+. In contrast to the monomeric naphthalimide control compound 2, which shows only monomer emission, ligand 1 demonstrates dual emission characteristics encompassing both the monomer and excimer of the naphthalimide moieties. The binding properties of ligand 1 toward 15 different metal ions were systematically investigated in CH2Cl2/CH3CN (v/v, 1 : 1) by UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopy. Remarkably, ligand 1 exhibits exceptional selectivity for Cu2+ ions. Upon complexation with Cu2+, the excimer emission of ligand 1 diminishes, concomitant with an enhancement of its monomer emission. The binding ratio for 1·Cu2+ was determined to be 1 : 1, with an association constant of (3.39 ± 0.40) × 105 M−1 calculated using a nonlinear least-squares curve-fitting method. Furthermore, the limit of detection (LOD) was found to be 185 ± 7 nM. Our results from 1H NMR titration, high-resolution mass spectrometry analysis and density functional theory calculations of 1·Cu2+ suggest synergistic coordination between Cu2+ and the triazole groups on ligand 1. © 2024 The Royal Society of Chemistry.

关键词： Ligands

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Structural Variants and Ultralow Detection Ability for Tryptamine in Two Polymorphs of a Zincophosphite Framework

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Inorganic Chemistry 2023年第44期62卷 18150-18156页

作者： Yin, Mu-Chien Wei, Pi-Chen Li, Ying Hsu, Todd Jian, Jia-Yi Chang, Kai-Chi Lu, Ching-Ping Tu, Hsiung-Lin Wang, Chih-Min Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology National Taiwan Ocean University 202 Keelung20224 Taiwan Bachelor Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology National Taiwan Ocean University 202 Keelung20224 Taiwan Department of Environmental Biology and Fisheries Science National Taiwan Ocean University 202 Keelung20224 Taiwan Institute of Chemistry Academia Sinica Taipei11529 Taiwan Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program Academia Sinica and National Taiwan University Taipei11529 Taiwan General Education Center National Taiwan Ocean University 202 Keelung20224 Taiwan

Two organic-inorganic hybrid zinc phosphites incorporating 1,2,4,5-tetrakis(imidazol-1-ylmethyl)benzene (TIMB) molecules were synthesized under hydro(solvo)thermal methods and structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXD). Interestingly, the solvent ratio of water to dimethylformamide induced the formation of a new compound of Zn2(TIMB)0.5(HPO3)2·3H2O (1) and our previously reported structure of Zn2(TIMB)0.5(HPO3)2·H2O (2). Additionally, their dehydrated crystals (1a and 2a) were prepared through heat treatment at 150 °C. SCXD and powder X-ray diffraction showed that all four compounds share the same framework formula of Zn2(TIMB)0.5(HPO3)2 but exhibit a huge difference in their inorganic components and final structures. In 1 and 1a, the inorganic units formed two-dimensional zincophosphite layers, while in 2 and 2a, they formed one-dimensional chains. The inorganic parts of 1 (1a) and 2 (2a) were bridged with TIMB linkers, resulting in 3D structures with rectangular and tubular windows, respectively. Furthermore, 1 was coated on the screen-printed carbon electron as a hybrid material, displaying excellent performance while having a linear relationship with an R2 value of 0.99 within the concentration range of 10-10 to 10-6 mol/L for detecting tryptamine (Try) molecules. Moreover, the results showed that 1 exhibits an ultralow limit of detection of 5.43 × 10-11 mol/L and high specificity toward Try over histamine, ascorbic acid, uric acid, and glucose. The synthesis, structural diversity, stability, and sensing ability are also discussed. © 2023 American Chemical Society.

关键词： Single crystals

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Potato protein hydrolysate inhibits RANKL-induced osteoclast development by inhibiting osteoclastogenic genes via the NF-κB/MAPKs signaling pathways

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Environmental Toxicology 2024年第7期39卷 3991-4003页

作者： Chen, Yi-Ju He, Yen-Hua Lo, Yun-Hsin Yang, Hong-Siang Abomughaid, Mosleh Mohammad Kumar, K. J. Senthil Lin, Wan-Teng Department of Surgery Taichung Veterans General Hospital Taichung Taiwan Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology College of Agriculture and Health Tunghai University Taichung Taiwan Department of Food Science College of Agriculture and Health Tunghai University Taichung Taiwan Department of Hospitality Management College of Agriculture and Health Tunghai University Taichung Taiwan Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences College of Applied Medical Sciences University of Bisha Bisha Saudi Arabia Bachelor Program of Biotechnology and Center for General Education National Chung Hsing University Taichung Taiwan Research and Development Division Utopia Holiday Hotel Corporation Taichung Taiwan

In recent times, there has been growing attention towards exploring the nutritional and functional aspects of potato protein, along with its diverse applications. In the present study, we examined the anti-osteoclast properties of potato protein hydrolysate (PP902) in vitro. Murine macrophages (RAW264.7) were differentiated into osteoclasts by receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL), and PP902 was examined for its inhibitory effect. Initially, treatment with PP902 was found to significantly prevent RANKL-induced morphological changes in macrophage cells, as determined by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining analysis. This notion was further supported by F-actin analysis using a confocal microscope. Furthermore, PP902 treatment effectively and dose-dependently down-regulated the expression of RANKL-induced osteoclastogenic marker genes, including TRAP, CTR, RANK, NFATc1, OC-STAMP, and c-Fos. These inhibitory effects were associated with suppressing NF-κB transcriptional activation and subsequent reduced nuclear translocation. The decrease in NF-κB activity resulted from reduced activation of its upstream kinases, including I-κBα and IKKα. Moreover, PP902 significantly inhibited RANKL-induced p38MAPK and ERK1/2 activities. Nevertheless, PP902 treatment prevents RANKL-induced intracellular reactive oxygen species generation via increased HO-1 activity. The combined antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of PP902 resulted in significant suppression of osteoclastogenesis, suggesting its potential as an adjuvant therapy for osteoclast-related diseases. © 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

关键词： Genes

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Insights in nodule-inhabiting plant growth promoting bacteria and their ability to stimulate Vicia faba growth

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Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied sciences 2022年第1期9卷 51-64页

作者： M. Mowafy, Amr S. Agha, Mona A. Haroun, Samia A. Abbas, Mohamed Elbalkini, Mohamed Botany Department Faculty of Science Mansoura University Mansoura Egypt Department of Biological Sciences Faculty of Science New Mansoura University New Mansoura City Egypt Bachelor Student Biotechnology and Its Application Program Faculty of Science Mansoura University Mansoura Egypt

The knowledge of the root nodule microbiome is still beyond the minimum. This study has been designed to isolate and characterize plant growth promoting bacteria and testing their ability to promote plant growth. In addition to Rhizobium MAP7, four other strains have been isolated from Phaseolus vulgaris nodules, and they have been molecularly identified as Bacillus MAP3, Brevibacillus MAP4, Pseudomonas MAP5, and Pseudomonas MAP8. The obtained strains showed the ability to produce IAA, siderophores, and HCN with different capabilities. A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of the obtained strains on the physical growth parameters of Vicia faba. The inoculation with Rhizobium MAP7 along with Brevibacillus MAP4 and Pseudomonas MAP5 led to four times increase in the number of nodules (57/plant) compared with that of the control in addition to a significant increase in the physical growth parameters . Additionally, different nitrogen fractions increased significantly in response to this inoculum (226 and 206 mg/g dry weight total nitrogen for shoot and root respectively compared with 175 and 92.5 for control plants). The obtained strains in this study showed a good potentiality as plant growth promotors that might be tried with further crops on wider scale. © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

关键词： Brevibacillus broad bean co-culture pseudomonas rhizobium siderophores

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Role of gut microbiota in identification of novel TCM-derived active metabolites

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Protein & Cell 2021年第5期12卷 394-410页

作者： Tzu-Lung Lin Chia-Chen Lu Wei-Fan Lai Ting-Shu Wu Jang-Jih Lu Young-Mao Chen Chi-Meng Tzeng Hong-Tao Liu Hong Wei Hsin-Chih Lai Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science College of MedicineChang Gung UniversityGueishanTaoyuan 33302TaiwanChina Department of Respiratory Therapy Fu Jen Catholic UniversityNew Taipei City 24205TaiwanChina Department of Chest Medicine Internal MedicineFu Jen Catholic University HospitalFu Jen Catholic UniversityNew Taipei City 24205TaiwanChina Department of Medicine Chang Gung UniversityTaoyuan 33302TaiwanChina Department of Laboratory Medicine and Internal Medicine Linkou Chang Gung Memorial HospitalTaoyuan 33305TaiwanChina Central Research Laboratory Xiamen Chang Gung HospitalXiamen 361026China Bachelor Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology College of Life SciencesNational Taiwan Ocean UniversityKeelung 20224TaiwanChina School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361005China College of Basic Medicine Hubei University of Chinese MedicineWuhan 430065China Central Laboratory Clinical Medicine Scientific and Technical Innovation ParkShanghai Tenth People's HospitalTongji UniversityShanghai 200435China Microbiota Research Center and Emerging Viral Infections Research Center Chang Gung UniversityTaoyuan 33302TaiwanChina Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine and Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety College of Human EcologyChang Gung University of Science and TechnologyGueishanTaoyuan 33303TaiwanChina

Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)has been extensively used to ameliorate diseases in Asia for over thousands of ***,owing to a lack of formal scientific validation,the absence of information regarding the mechanisms underlying TCMs restricts their *** oral administration,TCM herbal ingredients frequently are not directly absorbed by the host,but rather enter the intestine to be transformed by gut *** gut microbiota is a microbial community living in animal intestines,and functions to maintain host homeostasis and *** evidences indicate that TCM herbs closely affect gut microbiota composition,which is associated with the conversion of herbal components into active *** may significantly affect the therapeutic activity of *** analyses,in conjunction with modern multiomics platforms,can together identify novel functional metabolites and form the basis of future TCM research.

关键词： Traditional Chinese Medicine herbs microbiota transformation multiomics

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Pioneering Astaxanthin-Tumor Cell Membrane Nanoparticles for Innovative Targeted Drug Delivery on Melanoma

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International journal of nanomedicine 2024年 19卷 2395-2407页

作者： Jui-Jen Chang Yi-Chen Wang Shu-Hui Yang Ju-Yu Wu Ming-Wei Chang Hui-Min David Wang Department of Medical Research China Medical University Hospital China Medical University Taichung 40447 Taiwan. Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine China Medical University Taichung 40447 Taiwan. Division of Cardiology Department of Internal Medicine Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital Kaohsiung City 802 Taiwan. Institute of Medical Science and Technology National Sun Yat-sen University Kaohsiung 807 Taiwan. Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering National Chung Hsing University Taichung 402 Taiwan. Bachelor Program of Biotechnology National Chung Hsing University Taichung 402 Taiwan. Doctoral Program in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine National Chung Hsing University Taichung 402 Taiwan. Nanotechnology and Integrated Bioengineering Centre University of Ulster Belfast BT15 1AB Northern Ireland UK. Graduate Institute of Medicine College of Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung 807 Taiwan. Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology China Medical University Taichung 404 Taiwan. Center of Applied Nanomedicine National Cheng Kung University Tainan 701 Taiwan.

Background:Recently, the use of the tumor or its secretions as drug carriers has gradually become popular, with the advantages of high biocompatibility and enhanced drug delivery to specific cells. Melanoma is the most malignant tumor of all skin cancers; it is the most metastatic and, therefore, the most difficult to treat. The main purpose of this study is to develop nanovesicles with tumor cell membrane secretion properties to encapsulate target substances to enhance the therapeutic effect of cancer. Methods:Astaxanthin was selected as an anticancer drug due to our previous research finding that astaxanthin has extremely high antioxidant, anti-ultraviolet damage, and anti-tumor properties. The manufacturing method of the astaxanthin nanovesicle carrier is to mix melanoma cells and astaxanthin in an appropriate ratio and then remove the genetic material and inflammatory factors of cancer cells by extrusion. Results:In terms of results, after the co-culture of astaxanthin nanovesicles and melanoma cancer cells, it was confirmed that the ability of astaxanthin nanovesicles to inhibit the growth and metastasis of melanoma cancer cells was significantly better than the same amount of astaxanthin alone, and it had no effect on normal Human cells are also effective. There was no apparent harm on normal cells, indicating the ability of the vesicles to be selectively transported. Conclusion:Our findings illustrated the potential of astaxanthin nanovesicles as an anticancer drug.

关键词： astaxanthin melanoma nanoparticle

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Female tilapia, Oreochromis sp. mobilised energy differently for growth and reproduction according to living environment

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Scientific Reports 2024年第1期14卷 2903-2903页

作者： Razali, Ros Suhaida Rahmah, Sharifah Shirly-Lim, Yu Ling Ghaffar, Mazlan Abd Mazelan, Suhairi Jalilah, Mohamad Lim, Leong-Seng Chang, Yu Mei Liang, Li Qun Chen, Young-Mao Liew, Hon Jung Higher Institution Centre of Excellence Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries Universiti Malaysia Terengganu Terengganu Kuala Nerus 21030 Malaysia Faculty of Fisheries and Food Science Universiti Malaysia Terengganu Terengganu Kuala Nerus 21030 Malaysia Faculty of Science and Environment Marine Universiti Malaysia Terengganu Terengganu Kuala Nerus 21030 Malaysia Institute of Marine Biotechnology Universiti Malaysia Terengganu Terengganu Kuala Nerus 21030 Malaysia Borneo Marine Research Institute Universiti Malaysia Sabah Jalan UMS Sabah Kota Kinabalu 88400 Malaysia Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences Harbin China Bachelor Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology College of Life Sciences National Taiwan Ocean University Keelung Taiwan Center of Excellence for the Oceans National Taiwan Ocean University Keelung Taiwan

This study was conducted to investigate the energy mobilisation preference and ionoregulation pattern of female tilapia, Oreochromis sp. living in different environments. Three different treatments of tilapia as physiology compromising model were compared;tilapia cultured in recirculating aquaculture system (RAS as Treatment I-RAS), tilapia cultured in open water cage (Treatment II-Cage) and tilapia transferred from cage and cultured in RAS (Treatment III-Compensation). Results revealed that tilapia from Treatment I and III mobilised lipid to support gonadogenesis, whilst Treatment II tilapia mobilised glycogen as primary energy for daily exercise activity and reserved protein for growth. The gills and kidney Na+/K+ ATPase (NKA) activities remained relatively stable to maintain homeostasis with a stable Na+ and K+ levels. As a remark, this study revealed that tilapia strategized their energy mobilisation preference in accessing glycogen as an easy energy to support exercise metabolism and protein somatogenesis in cage culture condition, while tilapia cultured in RAS mobilised lipid for gonadagenesis purposes. © 2024. The Author(s).

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In Situ Derived Sulfated/Sulfonated Carbon Nanogels with Multi-Protective Effects Against Influenza a Virus

SSRN

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Lin, Hung-Yun Luo, Ka-Long Mao, Ju-Yi Lin, Chin-Jung Wang, Chen-Yow Panny, Lauren Chen, Shiow-Yi Lin, Shih-Chao Huang, Chih-Ching Harroun, Scott G. Wang, Robert Y.L. Wu, Chang-Jer Center of Excellence for the Oceans National Taiwan Ocean University Keelung202301 Taiwan Department of Food Science National Taiwan Ocean University Keelung202301 Taiwan Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology National Taiwan Ocean University Keelung202301 Taiwan Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University BlacksburgVA24061 United States Bachelor's Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology College of Life Sciences National Taiwan Ocean University Keelung202301 Taiwan School of Pharmacy College of Pharmacy Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung80708 Taiwan Department of Engineering Physics Polytechnique Montréal MontréalQCH3T 1J4 Canada Division of Microbiology and Immunology Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences College of Medicine Chang Gung University Taoyuan33302 Taiwan Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology Asia University Taichung41354 Taiwan Graduate Institute of Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung80708 Taiwan

Pandemic outbreaks of H1N1 infections are frequently reported around the world. Despite the availability of influenza remedies, the high tendency for influenza virus to mutate can lead to the emergence of drug-resistant strains. Additionally, the adverse effects of current anti-flu drugs that can occur for some patients, such as potential psychiatric problems caused by oseltamivir, have led some countries to implement restrictions on the use of these drugs. In response to the urgent demand to explore and design novel antivirals, we have developed potent anti-flu materials derived from alginate (Alg) of seaweeds. Preparation involves a mixture of sodium alginate with ammonia sulfite (AS) in a one-step pyrolytic reaction, which forms carbonized nanogels (CNGs). We have characterized the chemical and physical properties of these Alg@AS CNGs, validated the anti-flu activity in vitro and in vivo, and explored the underlying mechanisms that Alg@AS CNGs could exert. Our results indicate that the Alg@AS CNGs have abundant sulfite/sulfate surface moieties, and that they have high biocompatibility and remarkable viral suppression properties against H1N1. The viral suppression of Alg@AS CNGs was shown to be superior to other sulfated polysaccharides, such as fucoidan, carrageenan, and chondroitin sulfate. The administration of Alg@AS CNGs to H1N1-infected cells and mice resulted in higher cellular viabilities and mouse survival rates, respectively. Improved pathological indices were observed in lung sections, which showed substantially reduced gene expression of inflammatory mediators in tissues upon Alg@AS CNG treatment. We further showed that the Alg@AS CNGs could inhibit H1N1 infection by binding to viral particles and lowering the oxidative stress in cells. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Nanogels

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