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Exciton reservoir-induced destabilization and reformation of polariton condensate

Optics Express 2025年第8期33卷 18530-18539页

作者： Park, Min Koniakhin, Sergei Choi, Soohong Choi, Daegwang Park, Suk In Park, S.Y.L. Song, Jin Dong Cho, Yong-Hoon Choi, Hyoungsoon Daejeon34141 Korea Republic of Daejeon34126 Korea Republic of Basic Science Program Daejeon34113 Korea Republic of Seoul02792 Korea Republic of Daejeon34141 Korea Republic of

We investigate the dynamics of a driven-dissipative polariton condensate in a GaAs microcavity under simultaneous excitations by a continuous laser and a pulsed laser. The femtosecond pulse destabilizes and quenches the condensate, which is then followed by a nonlinear luminescence surplus. Time-resolved photoluminescence shows a ring-like pattern in momentum space that shrinks as the condensate relaxes back to its steady state. The condensate also experiences an abrupt blueshift in energy after the pulse before returning to equilibrium. Simulations based on the driven-dissipative Gross-Pitaevskii equation confirm the importance of interactions between exciton reservoir and polaritons. This study clarifies how reservoir-mediated interactions shape the nonlinear processes underlying polariton condensation. © 2025 Optica Publishing Group under the terms of the Optica Open Access Publishing Agreement.

关键词： Nonlinear optics

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Nano-enhanced potassium biostimulants: augmenting wheat yield, antioxidant activity, and micronutrient bioavailability in arid agricultural systems

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Nanotechnology for Environmental Engineering 2025年第2期10卷 1-14页

作者： Shahryari, Ali Esmaeilzadeh Bahabadi, Sedigheh Beyzaei, Hamid Mohammadi, Yasaman Nusrat, Easmin Sharifan, Hamidreza Department of Biology Faculty of Basic Sciences University of Zabol Zabol Iran Department of Chemistry Faculty of Basic Sciences University of Zabol Zabol Iran Environmental Science and Engineering Program University of Texas at El Paso El PasoTX United States Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Texas at El Paso El PasoTX United States

The development of agricultural biostimulants (BS) has marked a significant advancement in bolstering crop resilience against environmental stressors. This study investigates synthesizing and applying six novel nano-based potassium (K)-enriched biostimulants that enhance micronutrient availability, nitrogen uptake, and subsequent plant growth during seed germination and developmental phases. Using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Fourier-transform infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), the synthesized biostimulants were characterized before their application in soil-supporting wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivation. The biostimulants’ effects at three concentrations (0.1, 0.2, and 0.5 mmol) and were evaluated on physiological and biomolecular parameters. To assess nutrient availability, soil mineral content was analyzed via X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). An increase in biostimulant concentration led to a marked rise in seed germination rates, correlating with elevated bioavailability of nitrates, ammonia, sulfur, potassium, and other key micronutrients. At a threshold concentration of 0.2 mmol, a notable improvement in the bioavailability of nutrients and a significant increase in the total phenol and flavonoid content was observed. The phenolic content was measured using the Folin-Ciocalteu method and expressed as Gallic Acid Equivalents (GAE), while flavonoids were quantified based on quercetin equivalents. These phytochemicals were correlated with enhanced antioxidant activities, measured using the Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assay. The results indicated an 80% increase in antioxidant capacity, particularly for biostimulant BS6 at the 0.2 mmol concentration. Furthermore, biostimulants demonstrated a positive effect on the elongation of radicles and plumules, contributing to improved plant vigor. Overall, the study highlights the potential of synthesized K-based biostimulants to significantly enhance crop productivity, nutrient uptake, and antio

关键词： Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

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Krylov fractality and complexity in generic random matrix ensembles

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Physical Review B 2025年第6期111卷 L060202-L060202页

作者： Budhaditya Bhattacharjee Pratik Nandy Center for Theoretical Physics of Complex Systems Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Daejeon 34126 Republic of Korea Center for Gravitational Physics and Quantum Information Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics Kyoto University Kitashirakawa Oiwakecho Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan RIKEN Interdisciplinary Theoretical and Mathematical Sciences Program (iTHEMS) Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan

Krylov space methods provide an efficient framework for analyzing the static and dynamical aspects of quantum systems, with tridiagonal matrices playing a key role. Despite their importance, the behavior of such matrices from chaotic to integrable states, transitioning through an intermediate phase, remains unexplored. We aim to fill this gap by considering the properties of the tridiagonal matrix elements and the associated basis vectors for appropriate random matrix ensembles. We utilize the Rosenzweig-Porter model as our primary example, which hosts a fractal phase in addition to the ergodic and localized regimes. We discuss the characteristics of the matrix elements and basis vectors across these three (ergodic, fractal, and localized) regimes and introduce Krylov space tools to identify the transition points. The exact expressions of the Lanczos coefficients of such tridiagonal matrices are provided in terms of q-logarithmic function across the full parameter regime. The numerical results are corroborated with analytical reasoning for certain features of the Krylov spectra. Additionally, we investigate the Krylov state (spread) complexity within these regimes, showcasing the efficacy of our methods in pinpointing these transitions.

关键词： Fractals

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Characterization and comparative profiling of piRNAs in serum biopsies of pediatric Wilms tumor patients

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Cancer Cell International 2025年第1期25卷 1-15页

作者： Mohamed, Fatma S. Jalal, Deena Fadel, Youssef M. El-Mashtoly, Samir F. Khaled, Wael Z. Sayed, Ahmed A. Ghazy, Mohamed A. Biotechnology Program Institute of Basic and Applied Science Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology Alexandria New Borg El-Arab City Egypt Biochemistry ProgramFaculty of Science Minia University El-Minia Egypt Genomics and Metagenomics Program Department of Basic Research Children’s Cancer Hospital Egypt Cairo 57357 Egypt Bioinformatics Group Center for Informatics Science School of Information Technology and Computer Science Nile University Giza Egypt Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Albert Einstein-Straße 9 Jena 07745 Germany Department of Pediatric Oncology National Cancer Institute Cairo Egypt Department of Pediatric Oncology Children’s Cancer Hospital Egypt Cairo 57357 Egypt Consultant Pediatric Oncology Mouwasat Hospital Dammam Saudi Arabia Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Science Ain Shams University Cairo Egypt

Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs involved in transposon silencing and linked to cancer progression. However, their role in Wilms tumors (WT) remains unexplored. We conducted a thorough analysis and characterization of piRNAs in serum liquid biopsies of WT patients. Our study examined their expression patterns and functional annotations related to WT pathogenesis, as well as their clinical potential for diagnosis and monitoring. We identified 307 piRNAs expressed in WT serum samples, with 4% classified as repeat-related and 96% as non-repeat-related. The most abundant repeat-related piRNAs originated from LINEs retrotransposon, while tRNA-derived piRNAs were the most prevalent among non-repeat-related piRNAs. Furthermore, a distinct profile of 34 piRNAs showed significant differential expression in WT patients compared to healthy controls—22 downregulated and 12 upregulated. The target genes of differentially expressed piRNAs exhibited significant enrichment in biological pathways related to cytokine activity, inflammatory responses, TGF-beta signaling, p38 MAPK, and ErbB signaling. These genes are also involved in DNA damage response, DNA methylation, cell cycle regulation, as well as kidney development and function. Low expression levels of several piRNAs, especially piR-hsa-1,913,711, piR-hsa-28,190, piR-hsa-28,849, piR-hsa-28,848, and piR-hsa-28,318, showed significant diagnostic potential as non-invasive biomarkers for WT (AUC > 0.8, p < 0.05). Their expression levels also significantly correlated with adverse pathological features, including metastasis, anaplasia, and bilateral WT development. In conclusion, non-transposon-related piRNAs may serve as reliable biomarkers for WT and possess potential non-germline functions, particularly in regulating DNA methylation, cell growth, immune responses, and immune responses. Further studies are warranted to elucidate their functional significance. © The Author(s) 2025.

关键词： Blood-based biomarkers Diagnostic potential Non-germline functions Non-transposon-related PiRNAs PiRNAome profiling Wilms tumor

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Flat bands in tight-binding lattices with anisotropic potentials

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Physical Review B 2025年第1期111卷 014201-014201页

作者： Arindam Mallick Alexei Andreanov Instytut Fizyki Teoretycznej Uniwersytet Jagielloński Łojasiewicza 11 30-348 Kraków Poland Center for Theoretical Physics of Complex Systems Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Daejeon 34126 Republic of Korea Basic Science Program Korea University of Science and Technology (UST) Daejeon 34113 Republic of Korea

We consider tight-binding models on Bravais lattices with anisotropic onsite potentials that vary along a given direction and are constant along the transverse one. Inspired by our previous work on flat bands in anti-PT symmetric Hamiltonians [Mallick et al., Phys. Rev. A 105, L021305 (2022)], we construct an anti-PT symmetric Hamiltonians with an E=0 flat band by tuning the hoppings and the shapes of potentials. This construction is illustrated for the square lattice with bounded and unbounded potentials. Unlike flat bands in short-ranged translationally invariant Hamiltonians, we conjecture that the considered E=0 flat bands do not host compact localized states. Instead the flat-band eigenstates exhibit a localization transition along the potential direction upon increasing the potential strength for bounded potentials. For unbounded potentials flat-band eigenstates are always localized irrespective of the potential strength.

关键词： Hamiltonians

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Decay rates of optical modes unveiling the island structures in mixed phase space

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Physical Review A 2025年第3期111卷 033509-033509页

作者： Chang-Hwan Yi Barbara Dietz Jae-Ho Han Jung-Wan Ryu Center for Theoretical Physics of Complex Systems IBS Daejeon 34126 Korea Basic Science Program Korea University of Science and Technology (UST) Daejeon 34113 Korea Department of Physics Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Korea

We explore the decay rates of optical modes in asymmetric microcavities with mixed phase space across a wide range of wavelengths that extend deep into the semiclassical, i.e., short-wavelength, limit. Implementing an efficient numerical method, we computed 106 eigenmodes and discovered that certain decay rates form sequential separate branches with increasing wave number that eventually merge into smooth curves. The analysis of the localization properties and Husimi distributions reveals that each branch corresponds to a periodic orbit in the closed classical system. Our findings show that these decay rates gradually resolve the structure of the islands in mixed phase space as we approach the short-wavelength limit. We present an effective semiclassical model incorporating wave-number-dependent localization, Fresnel reflection, and the Goos-Hänchen shift and demonstrate that these effects are crucial in accounting for the observed branches of decay rate curves.

关键词： Microcavities

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Maternal lactoferrin supplementation prevents mitochondrial and redox homeostasis dysfunction, and improves antioxidant defenses through Nrf2 and UCP2 signaling after neonatal hypoxia-ischemia

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FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2025年 231卷 68-79页

作者： Carvalho, Andrey Vinicios S. Sanches, Eduardo F. Ribeiro, Rafael T. Duran-Carabali, Luz Elena Ramires Junior, Osmar Muniz, Bruna Dutra Wajner, Moacir Wyse, Angela T. Netto, Carlos Alexandre Sizonenko, Stephane V. Univ Fed Rio Grande Inst Basic Hlth Sci Postgrad Program Biol Science: Biochem Dept Biochem Porto Alegre Brazil Univ Geneva Sch Med Dept Pediat Gynecol & Obstet Div Child Dev & Growth Geneva Switzerland Univ Fed Santa Catarina Dept Physiol Sci Florianopolis Brazil Hosp Clin Porto Alegre Med Genet Serv Porto Alegre Brazil

Neonatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI) is a major cause of mortality and neurological impairments in infants. Main HIinduced pathological mechanisms include mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress due to insufficient oxygen and energetic substrates to the nervous cells. Bovine lactoferrin (Lf) has demonstrated neuroprotective effects in several experimental models of neonatal brain injury in rodents, however its mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the early impact of maternal dietary supplementation with Lf on redox and hippocampal mitochondrial function following neonatal HI. From postnatal day 6 (PND6), pregnant Wistar rats were fed with a diet supplemented with Lf (1 g/kg) or with an isocaloric control diet until offspring euthanasia. At PND7, pups of both sexes were subjected to experimental HI through the occlusion of the right common carotid artery followed by 60 min of hypoxia (8 % oxygen). Lf prevented HI-induced increased levels of DCFH and lipoperoxidation in hippocampus. Furthermore, Lf enhanced antioxidant defenses including SOD, GPx, and GSH, counteracting HI-induced oxidative stress. HI injury altered the activities of enzymes in the mitochondrial respiratory chain and increased the mitochondrial membrane potential. Both effects were counteracted by Lf supplementation. Lactoferrin prevented oxidative stress and to restored mitochondrial function by upregulating Nrf2 and UCP2 expression following experimental HI. Our results show that even a shorter period of Lf delivery to rat pups is able to improve hippocampal response to neonatal hypoxia-ischemia, reversing initial mechanisms of damage in the cascade of HI injury.

关键词： Neonatal hypoxia-ischemia Bovine lactoferrin Neuroprotection Mitochondria Oxidative stress Antioxidants

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Pseudo-Hermitian topology in multiband non-Hermitian systems

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Physical Review A 2025年第4期111卷 042205-042205页

作者： Jung-Wan Ryu Jae-Ho Han Chang-Hwan Yi Hee Chul Park Moon Jip Park Center for Theoretical Physics of Complex Systems Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Daejeon 34126 Republic of Korea Basic Science Program Korea University of Science and Technology (UST) Daejeon 34113 Republic of Korea Department of Physics Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea Department of Physics Pukyong National University Busan 48513 Republic of Korea Department of Physics Hanyang University Seoul 04763 Republic of Korea Research Institute for Natural Science and High Pressure Hanyang University Seoul 04763 South Korea

The complex eigenenergies and nonorthogonal eigenstates of non-Hermitian systems exhibit unique topological phenomena that cannot appear in Hermitian systems. Representative examples are the non-Hermitian skin effect and exceptional points. In a two-dimensional parameter space, topological classifications of nonseparable bands in multiband non-Hermitian systems can be established by invoking a permutation group, where the product of the permutation represents state exchange due to exceptional points in the space. We unveil in this work the role of pseudo-Hermitian lines in non-Hermitian topology for multiple bands. In particular, the nonseparability of non-Hermitian multibands can be topologically nontrivial without exceptional points in two-dimensional space. As a physical illustration of the role of pseudo-Hermitian lines, we examine a multiband structure of a photonic crystal system with lossy materials. Our work builds on the fundamental and comprehensive understanding of non-Hermitian multiband systems and also offers versatile applications and realizations of non-Hermitian systems without the need to consider exceptional points.

关键词： Photonic crystals

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Conductive RuO₂ binders enhance mechanical stability of macroporous Nb-SnO₂ particles as cathode catalyst supports for high-performance PEFCs

RSC Applied Interfaces

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RSC Applied Interfaces 2025年第3期2卷 795-807页

作者： Ho, Thi Thanh Nguyen Hirano, Tomoyuki Takano, Aoi Miyasaka, Syu Tanabe, Eishi Maeda, Makoto Septiani, Eka Lutfi Cao, Kiet Le Anh Ogi, Takashi Chemical Engineering Program Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering Hiroshima University 1-4-1 Kagamiyama Higashihiroshima Hiroshima 739-8527 Japan Cataler Corporation 7800 Chihama Shizuoka Kakegawa 437-1492 Japan Hiroshima Prefectural Institute of Industrial Science and Technology 3-10-31 Kagamiyama Higashi Hiroshima Hiroshima 739-0046 Japan Natural Science Center for Basic Research and Development Hiroshima University 1-4-1 Kagamiyama Higashihiroshima739-8527 Hiroshima 739-8527 Japan

Niobium-doped tin oxide (NTO) particles with a macroporous structure have been developed as catalyst supports for enhancing the durability and performance of polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs). This macroporous architecture improves the mass transport properties of the electrode. However, their weak mechanical strength can cause structural collapse, thereby limiting single-cell performance at high current densities. In this study, we employed ruthenium oxide (RuO₂) as a binder to integrate with macroporous NTO particles (denoted as NTO/RuO₂). This approach simultaneously enhanced the electrical conductivity and mechanical strength of the catalyst supports, improving the performance of PEFCs. Incorporating RuO₂ binders effectively stabilized the macroporous structure, and the NTO/RuO₂ particles with 50 wt% RuO₂ loading maintained their structural integrity under high compression pressures of up to 40 MPa. The aggregated NTO/RuO₂ particles containing 50 wt% RuO₂ binder also exhibited higher conductivity than the NTO aggregates without RuO₂ binder, which was attributed to the conductive network formed by RuO₂. Importantly, the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) fabricated with macroporous NTO/RuO₂ particles containing 20 wt% RuO₂ binder achieved a maximum current density of 2.16 A cm⁻² at 60 °C and 100% relative humidity (RH), outperforming the MEA utilizing Carbon Vulcan as the support (2.06 A cm⁻²). Furthermore, the enhanced hydrophilic properties of the RuO₂ binder improved water retention at the catalyst layer/membrane interface, thus promoting membrane hydration and overall cell performance at a high temperature of 80 °C and a low RH of 30%. © 2025 RSC.

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Molecular architecture of mammalian pyruvate dehydrogenase complex

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Protein & Cell 2025年第1期16卷 72-78页

作者： Maofei Chen Yutong Song Sensen Zhang Yitang Zhang Xudong Chen Minghui Zhang Meng Han Xin Gao Sai Li Maojun Yang Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological StructureSchool of Life SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Science Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology School of Basic Medical SciencesShenzhen University Health Science CenterShenzhen 518060China Protein Research Technology Center Protein Chemistry and Omics PlatformSchool of Life SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Computer Science Program ComputerElectrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering DivisionKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology(KAUST)Thuwal 23955-6900Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Computational Bioscience Research Center King Abdullah University of Science and TechnologyThuwal 23955-6900Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Cryo-EM Facility Center Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China Beijing Life Science Academy Beijing 102209China

Dear Editor,Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex(PDHc) is a large multienzyme assembly(Mr = 4–10 million Daltons) consisting of three essential components: pyruvate dehydrogenase(E1p), dihydrolipoyl transacetylase(E2p), and dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase(E3). These three enzymes perform distinct functions sequentially to catalyze the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate with formation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(NADH) and acetyl-coenzyme A(Patel and Roche, 1990).

关键词： sequentially oxidative Dalton

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