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Two distinct subpopulations of marginal zone B cells exhibit differential antibody-producing capacities and radioresistance

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2024年第4期21卷 393-408页

作者： Sujin Lee Yeunjung Ko Hyun Woo Lee Won Joon Oh Hun Gi Hong Dinuka Ariyaratne Se Jin Im Tae Jin Kim Department of Immunology Graduate School of Basic Medical ScienceSungkyunkwan University School of MedicineSuwon16419Republic of Korea Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine Faculty of Medical SciencesUniversity of Sri JayewardenepuraNugegodaSri Lanka Present address:Immunology and Microbiology Graduate Program Baylor College of MedicineHoustonTX77030USA

Marginal zone(MZ)B cells,which are splenic innate-like B cells that rapidly secrete antibodies(Abs)against blood-borne pathogens,are composed of heterogeneous ***,we showed that MZ B cells can be divided into two distinct subpopulations according to their CD80 expression ***80^(high)MZ B cells exhibited greater Ab-producing,proliferative,and IL-10-secreting capacities than did CD80^(low)MZ B ***,CD80^(high)MZ B cells survived 2-Gy whole-body irradiation,whereas CD80^(low)MZ B cells were depleted by irradiation and then repleted with one month after *** of CD80^(low)MZ B cells led to accelerated development of type II collagen(CII)-induced arthritis upon immunization with bovine ***80^(high)MZ B cells exhibited higher expression of genes involved in proliferation,plasma cell differentiation,and the antioxidant ***80^(high)MZ B cells expressed more autoreactive B cell receptors(BCRs)that recognized double-stranded DNA or CII,expressed more immunoglobulin heavy chain sequences with shorter complementarity-determining region 3 sequences,and included more clonotypes with no N-nucleotides or with B-1a BCR sequences than CD80^(low)MZ B *** transfer experiments showed that CD21^(+)CD23^(+)transitional 2 MZ precursors preferentially generated CD80^(low)MZ B cells and that a proportion of CD80^(low)MZ B cells were converted into CD80^(high)MZ B cells;in contrast,CD80^(high)MZ B cells stably remained CD80^(high)MZ B *** summary,MZ B cells can be divided into two subpopulations according to their CD80 expression levels,Ab-producing capacity,radioresistance,and autoreactivity,and these findings may suggest a hierarchical composition of MZ B cells with differential stability and BCR specificity.

关键词： Marginal Zone B Cell CD80 Autoreactivity Radioresistance

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Neuromodulation of the peripheral nervous system:Bioelectronic technology and prospective developments

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BMEMat(BioMedical Engineering Materials) 2024年第1期2卷 88-114页

作者： Hayoung Song Moohyun Kim Enji Kim Jakyoung Lee Inhea Jeong Kyeonghee Lim Seoung Young Ryu Myoungjae Oh Younhee Kim Jang-Ung Park Department of Materials Science and Engineering Yonsei UniversitySeoulSouth Korea Center for Nanomedicine Institute for Basic Science(IBS)SeoulSouth Korea Department of Neurosurgery Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea Graduate Program of Nano Biomedical Engineering(NanoBME) Advanced Science InstituteYonsei UniversitySeoulSouth Korea

The peripheral nervous system(PNS)is a fascinatingly complex and crucial component of the human body,responsible for transmitting vital signals throughout the body's intricate network of *** efficient functioning is paramount to our health,with any dysfunction often resulting in serious medical conditions,including motor disorders,neurological diseases,and psychiatric *** strides in science and technology have made neuromodulation of the PNS a promising avenue for addressing these health *** involves modifying nerve activity using a range of techniques,such as electrical,chemical,optical,and mechanical *** plays a critical role in this effort,allowing for precise,controlled,and sustained stimulation of the *** paper provides an overview of the PNS,discusses the current state of neuromodulation devices,and presents emerging trends in the field,including advances in wireless power transfer and materials,that are shaping the future of neuromodulation.

关键词： bioelectronics neuromodulation peripheral nervous system

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Effects of resource competition on evolution and adaptive radiation

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The European Physical Journal Special Topics 2023年第6期233卷 1413-1423页

作者： Koniakhin, Sergei V. Center for Theoretical Physics of Complex Systems Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Daejeon Republic of Korea Basic Science Program Korea University of Science and Technology (UST) Daejeon Republic of Korea

The entanglement of population dynamics, evolution, and adaptive radiation for species competing for resources is studied. For resource harvesting, we modify the model used in Tikhonov and Monasson (Phys. Rev. Lett. 118:048103, 2017), and introduce new resource contest principles. We realistically implement the effects of beneficial and deleterious mutations on the coefficients in the equations governing the population dynamics and consider the emergence of reproductive isolation. The proposed model is shown to be in agreement with the competitive exclusion principle and no vacant niche principle. We establish a mechanism that contributes to preventing the accumulation of irreversible deleterious mutations: competition between recently diverged species/subpopulations. The proposed model is applicable for descriptions of more complex systems. In case of many constants in time resources, one observes very rapid specialization, a feature not reproducible by the common model.

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Synthesis of coral-like structures of Pr-Yb co-doped YIG: Structural,optical, magnetic and antimicrobial properties

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第3期42卷 543-554,I0004页

作者： A.Fernandez Francisca P.Araujo Y.Guerra S.Castro-Lopes J.Matilla-Arias Idglan S.de Lima Edson C.Silva-Filho Josy A.Osajima F.Guerrero R.Pena-Garcia Federal University of Piau Graduate Program in Materials Science and EngineeringTeresinaPIBrazil Federal Rural University of Pernambuco Academic Unit of Cabo de Santo AgostinhoCabo de Santo AgostinhoPEBrazil Federal University of Piaui Department of PhysicTeresinaPBrazil Federal University of Pernambuco Graduate Program in Materials ScienceRecifePEBrazil University of Granma Departmentof Basic Sciences and Applied InformaticsFaculty of Technical SciencesBayamoCuba Federal University of Amazonas Department of PhysicManausAMBrazil Federal University of Pernambuco Department of PhysicRecifePEBrazil

Coral-like structures of the Y_(3-x)Pr_(x)Fe_(5-y)Yb_(y)O_(12),(0.00 ≤ x ≤ 0.04, 0.00 ≤ y ≤ 0.02) compound were synthesized using the sol-gel method. Structural investigation certified the YIG cubic crystal structure formation, without any secondary phase. It is shown that, the relatively large ionic radius of the dopant cations results in an expansion of the lattice parameter, variations in the Iona-O-Iondangle, Iona-O,Iond-O and Ionc-O bond distances and decrease in the average crystallite size. Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) and Raman measurements are essential to testify the single-phase formation of YIG crystal structure and are observed changes in the stretching and vibrational modes, respectively. The morphological study, energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS) spectra and textural properties show corallike structures, peaks associated with Pr^(3+) and Yb^(3+) atoms and the effect of dopants on surface area,diameter, and pore volume, respectively. The optical analysis from diffuse reflectance spectra witnessed an increase in the optical gap band, a decrease in Urbach energy and blue shift in the charge transfer,correlated with the expansion of the unit cell due to the dopant's insertion in the YIG structure. A typical ferrimagnetic behavior is exhibited by the Y_(3-x)Pr_(x)Fe_(5-y)Yb_(y)O_(12)compound. The saturation magnetization(M_(s)), cubic anisotropy constant(K_(1)) and coercive field(H_(c)) increase with the Pr^(3+)cations content, as consequence of their magnetic nature and distribution around of Fe^(3+)ions due to the coexistence with the Yb^(3+). Finally, for the first time, antibacterial tests by mean of the direct contact method were performed for YIG co-doped with Pr^(3+)and Yb^(3+)and it is shown that, relatively high dosages of Pr^(3+) cations favored the activity against S. aureus, therefore, a new biological property for YIG doped with rare earths is presented.

关键词： Yttrium iron garnet(YIG) Coral-like structures Rare earths Band gap energy Magnetic properties Antimicrobial properties

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Krylov fractality and complexity in generic random matrix ensembles

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Physical Review B 2025年第6期111卷 L060202-L060202页

作者： Budhaditya Bhattacharjee Pratik Nandy Center for Theoretical Physics of Complex Systems Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Daejeon 34126 Republic of Korea Center for Gravitational Physics and Quantum Information Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics Kyoto University Kitashirakawa Oiwakecho Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan RIKEN Interdisciplinary Theoretical and Mathematical Sciences Program (iTHEMS) Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan

Krylov space methods provide an efficient framework for analyzing the static and dynamical aspects of quantum systems, with tridiagonal matrices playing a key role. Despite their importance, the behavior of such matrices from chaotic to integrable states, transitioning through an intermediate phase, remains unexplored. We aim to fill this gap by considering the properties of the tridiagonal matrix elements and the associated basis vectors for appropriate random matrix ensembles. We utilize the Rosenzweig-Porter model as our primary example, which hosts a fractal phase in addition to the ergodic and localized regimes. We discuss the characteristics of the matrix elements and basis vectors across these three (ergodic, fractal, and localized) regimes and introduce Krylov space tools to identify the transition points. The exact expressions of the Lanczos coefficients of such tridiagonal matrices are provided in terms of q-logarithmic function across the full parameter regime. The numerical results are corroborated with analytical reasoning for certain features of the Krylov spectra. Additionally, we investigate the Krylov state (spread) complexity within these regimes, showcasing the efficacy of our methods in pinpointing these transitions.

关键词： Fractals

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Minimal time required to charge a quantum system

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Physical Review A 2024年第2期109卷 022607-022607页

作者： Ju-Yeon Gyhm Dario Rosa Dominik Šafránek Department of Physics and Astronomy Seoul National University 1 Gwanak-ro Seoul 08826 Korea Center for Theoretical Physics of Complex Systems Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Daejeon-34126 Korea Basic Science Program Korea University of Science and Technology (UST) Daejeon-34113 Korea

We introduce a quantum charging distance as the minimal time that it takes to reach one state (charged state) from another state (depleted state) via a unitary evolution, assuming limits on the resources invested into the driving Hamiltonian. For pure states it is equal to the Bures angle, while for mixed states its computation leads to an optimization problem. Thus, we also derive easily computable bounds on this quantity. The charging distance tightens the known bound on the mean charging power of a quantum battery, it quantifies the quantum charging advantage, and it leads to an always achievable quantum speed limit. In contrast with other similar quantities, the charging distance does not depend on the eigenvalues of the density matrix, it depends only on the corresponding eigenspaces. This research formalizes and interprets quantum charging in a geometric way, and provides a measurable quantity that one can optimize to maximize the speed of charging of future quantum batteries.

关键词： Batteries Quantum communication, protocols & technology Quantum control Quantum engineering Quantum foundations Quantum information theory Quantum protocols Quantum state transfer Quantum statistical mechanics Quantum thermodynamics Quantum many-body systems

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Flat bands in tight-binding lattices with anisotropic potentials

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Physical Review B 2025年第1期111卷 014201-014201页

作者： Arindam Mallick Alexei Andreanov Instytut Fizyki Teoretycznej Uniwersytet Jagielloński Łojasiewicza 11 30-348 Kraków Poland Center for Theoretical Physics of Complex Systems Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Daejeon 34126 Republic of Korea Basic Science Program Korea University of Science and Technology (UST) Daejeon 34113 Republic of Korea

We consider tight-binding models on Bravais lattices with anisotropic onsite potentials that vary along a given direction and are constant along the transverse one. Inspired by our previous work on flat bands in anti-PT symmetric Hamiltonians [Mallick et al., Phys. Rev. A 105, L021305 (2022)], we construct an anti-PT symmetric Hamiltonians with an E=0 flat band by tuning the hoppings and the shapes of potentials. This construction is illustrated for the square lattice with bounded and unbounded potentials. Unlike flat bands in short-ranged translationally invariant Hamiltonians, we conjecture that the considered E=0 flat bands do not host compact localized states. Instead the flat-band eigenstates exhibit a localization transition along the potential direction upon increasing the potential strength for bounded potentials. For unbounded potentials flat-band eigenstates are always localized irrespective of the potential strength.

关键词： Hamiltonians

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Haldane graphene billiards versus relativistic neutrino billiards

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Physical Review B 2024年第9期110卷 094305页

作者： Dung Xuan Nguyen Barbara Dietz Center for Theoretical Physics of Complex Systems https://***/00y0zf565 Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Daejeon 34126 Republic of Korea and Basic Science Program https://***/000qzf213 Korea University of Science and Technology (UST) Daejeon 34113 Republic of Korea

We study fluctuation properties in the energy spectra of finite-size honeycomb lattices—graphene billiards—subject to the Haldane-model on-site potential and next-nearest-neighbor tunneling at critical points, referred to as Haldane graphene billiards in the following. The billiards have the shapes of a rectangular billiard with integrable dynamics, one with chaotic dynamics, and one whose shape has, in addition, threefold rotational symmetry. It had been shown that the spectral properties of the graphene billiards coincide with those of the nonrelativistic quantum billiard with the corresponding shape, both at the band edges and in the region of low-energy excitations around the Dirac points at zero energy. There, the dispersion relation is linear and, accordingly, the spectrum is described by the same relativistic Dirac equation for massless spin-1/2 particles as relativistic neutrino billiards, whose spectral properties agree with those of nonrelativistic quantum billiards with violated time-reversal invariance. Deviations from the expected behavior are attributed to differing boundary conditions and backscattering at the boundary, which leads to a mixing of valley states corresponding to the two Dirac points, that are mapped into each other through time reversal. We employ a Haldane model to introduce a gap at one of the two Dirac points so that backscattering is suppressed in the energy region of the gap and demonstrate that there the correlations in the spectra comply with those of the neutrino billiard of the corresponding shape. Here, the phase transition from nonrelativistic to relativistic quantum behavior is achieved by adjusting the Haldane parameters.

关键词： Quantum chaos Wave chaos Graphene Random matrix theory

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Work Extraction from Unknown Quantum Sources

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Physical Review Letters 2023年第21期130卷 210401-210401页

作者： Dominik Šafránek Dario Rosa Felix C. Binder Center for Theoretical Physics of Complex Systems Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Daejeon - 34126 Korea Basic Science Program Korea University of Science and Technology (UST) Daejeon—34113 Korea School of Physics Trinity College Dublin Dublin 2 Ireland

Energy extraction is a central task in thermodynamics. In quantum physics, ergotropy measures the amount of work extractable under cyclic Hamiltonian control. As its full extraction requires perfect knowledge of the initial state, however, it does not characterize the work value of unknown or untrusted quantum sources. Fully characterizing such sources would require quantum tomography, which is prohibitively costly in experiments due to the exponential growth of required measurements and operational limitations. Here, we therefore derive a new notion of ergotropy applicable when nothing is known about the quantum states produced by the source, apart from what can be learned by performing only a single type of coarse-grained measurement. We find that in this case the extracted work is defined by the Boltzmann and observational entropy in cases where the measurement outcomes are, or are not, used in the work extraction, respectively. This notion of ergotropy represents a realistic measure of extractable work, which can be used as the relevant figure of merit to characterize a quantum battery.

关键词： Energy sources Quantum information theory Quantum measurements Quantum protocols Quantum thermodynamics Quantum tomography Shannon entropy Quantum many-body systems

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Skew scattering and ratchet effect in photonic graphene

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Physical Review B 2024年第20期110卷 205405页

作者： O. M. Bahrova S. V. Koniakhin Center for Theoretical Physics of Complex Systems 47 Nauky Avenue Kharkiv 61103 Ukraine Institut Pascal PHOTON-N2 Basic Science Program

This paper is devoted to a comprehensive theoretical study of asymmetric (skew) scattering in photonic graphene, with the main focus on its realization with semiconductor microcavity exciton-polaritons. As an important consequence of the skew scattering, we prove the appearance of the ratchet effect in this system. Triangular defects in the form of missing micropillars in a regular honeycomb lattice are considered to be ones that break the spatial inversion symmetry, thus providing the possibility of the ratchet effect. By means of the numerical solution of the effective Schrödinger equation, we provide microscopical insight into the process of skew scattering and determine indicatrices, cross sections, and asymmetry parameters. In a system with multiple coherently oriented triangular defects, a macroscopic ratchet effect occurs as a unidirectional flux upon noiselike initial conditions. Our study broadens the concept of ratchet phenomena in the field of photonics and optics of exciton-polaritons.

关键词： Exciton polariton Mie scattering Photonics Graphene Honeycomb lattice Semiconductor microcavities Monte Carlo methods Schroedinger equation

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