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Fluorinated Rocksalt Cathode with Ultra-high Active li Content for lithium-ion Batteries

Angewandte Chemie 2022年第47期134卷

作者： dr. Yi Pei dr. Qing Chen dr. Yang Ha Prof. dong Su Prof. Hua Zhou dr. Shuang li dr. Zhenpeng Yao dr. lu Ma dr. Kevin J. Sanders dr. Chuanchao Sheng Prof. Gillian R. Goward Prof. lin Gu Prof. Aiping Yu Prof. Wanli Yang Prof. Zhongwei Chen Department of Chemical Engineering Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology University of Waterloo Waterloo Ontario N2 L 3G1 Canada Advanced Light Source Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California 94720 USA Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China Advanced Photon Source Argonne National Laboratory Lemont IL 60439 USA Center for Functional Nanomaterials Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton NY 11973 USA Department of Chemistry and Department of Computer Science University of Toronto Toronto Ontario M5S 3H6 Canada National Synchrotron Light Source II Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton NY 11973 USA Department of Chemistry McMaster University Hamilton ON L8S 4 L8 Canada Center of Energy Storage Materials & Technology College of Engineering and Applied Sciences National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China

The key to increasing the energy density of lithium-ion batteries is to incorporate high contents of extractable li into the cathode. Unfortunately, this triggers formidable challenges including structural instability and irreversible chemistry under operation. Here, we report a new kind of ultra-high li compound: li 4+ x MoO 5 F x (1≤ x ≤3) for cathode with an unprecedented level of electrochemically active li (>3 li + per formula), delivering a reversible capacity up to 438 mAh g −1 . Unlike other reported li-rich cathodes, li 4+ x MoO 5 F x presents distinguished structure stability to immunize against irreversible behaviors. Through spectroscopic and electrochemical techniques, we find an anionic redox-dominated charge compensation with negligible oxygen release and voltage decay. Our theoretical analysis reveals a “reductive effect” of high-level fluorination stabilizes the anionic redox by reducing the oxygen ions in pure-li conditions, enabling a facile, reversible, and high li-portion cycling.

关键词： Anionic Redox High Fluorination level Reductive Effect Ultra-High li Cathode

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Author Correction: Africa needs context-relevant evidence to shape its clean energy future

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Nature Energy 2024年 907页

作者： Yacob Mulugetta lucas Somavilla Croxatto Meron Tesfamichael Abdulmutalib Yussuff Youba Sokona Philipp A. Trotter Samuel Fankhauser Jessica Omukuti Bjarne Steffen Edo Abraham Jean-Paul Adam Mekalia Paulos Aklilu Yohannes Hailu linus Mofor S. Nadia Ouedraogo lawrence Agbemabiese Churchill Agutu Florian Egli Abdulrasheed Isah Tobias S. Schmidt Olakunle Alao Wikus Kruger Peter Twesigye Bothwell Batidzirai Getachew Bekele Anteneh G. dagnachew Ogunlade davidson Fatima denton E. Ogheneruona diemuodeke Gebrekidan Gebresilassie Eshetu Mulualem Gebreslassie Mamadou Goundiam Haruna Kachalla Gujba Adam d. Hawkes Stephanie Hirmer Helen Hoka Mark Howells daniel Kammen Francis Kemausuor Ismail Khennas Ifeoma Malo Minette Nago destenie Nock Chukwumerije Okereke Benedict Probst Maria Schmidt Carlos Shenga Mohamed Sokona Jan Christoph Steckel Sebastian Sterl Bernard Tembo Julia Tomei Jim Watson Harald Winkler Department of Science Technology Engineering & Public Policy University College London London UK Responsible Technology Institute Department of Computer Science University of Oxford Oxford UK Groupe de Reflection et d’Initiatives Novatrices Bamako Mali Schumpeter School of Business and Economics University of Wuppertal Wuppertal Germany Smith School of Enterprise and the Environment University of Oxford Oxford UK Institute for Science Innovation and Society (INSIS) University of Oxford Oxford UK Climate Finance and Policy Group ETH Zurich Zurich Switzerland Department of Water Management Delft University of Technology Delft the Netherlands United Nations Economic Commission for Africa Addis Ababa Ethiopia Center for Energy & Environmental Policy University of Delaware Newark DE USA Energy and Technology Policy Group ETH Zurich Zurich Switzerland Kigali Collaborative Research Centre Kigali Rwanda IIPP Institute for Innovation and Public Purpose University College London London UK Institute of Science Technology and Policy ETH Zurich Zurich Switzerland Power Futures Lab Graduate School of Business University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa African Union Development Agency (AUDA-NEPAD) Midrand Johannesburg South Africa School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Addis Ababa Institute of Technology Addis Ababa Ethiopia PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency the Hague the Netherlands Utrecht University Utrecht the Netherlands University of Sierra Leone Freetown Sierra Leone United Nations University–Institute for Natural Resources in Africa (UNU–INRA) Accra Ghana Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Port Harcourt Choba Nigeria Institute for Power Electronics and Electrical Drives RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany Center of Energy Ethiopian Institute of Technology Mekelle University Mekelle Ethiopia Institute of Engineering University Grenoble Alpes Grenoble France GIZ — Africa–EU Energy Partnership (AEEP) Addis

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Indirect search for dark matter with a combined analysis of dwarf spheroidal galaxies from VERITAS

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Physical Review d 2024年第6期110卷 063034页

作者： A. Acharyya C. B. Adams P. Bangale J. T. Bartkoske P. Batista W. Benbow J. l. Christiansen A. J. Chromey A. duerr M. Errando A. Falcone Q. Feng G. M. Foote l. Fortson A. Furniss W. Hanlon d. Hanna O. Hervet C. E. Hinrichs J. Holder T. B. Humensky W. Jin M. N. Johnson P. Kaaret M. Kertzman d. Kieda T. K. Kleiner N. Korzoun S. Kumar M. J. lang M. lundy G. Maier C. E. McGrath M. J. Millard C. l. Mooney P. Moriarty R. Mukherjee W. Ning S. O’Brien R. A. Ong N. Park M. Pohl E. Pueschel J. Quinn P. l. Rabinowitz K. Ragan P. T. Reynolds d. Ribeiro E. Roache J. l. Ryan I. Sadeh l. Saha G. H. Sembroski R. Shang M. Splettstoesser d. Tak A. K. Talluri J. V. Tucci V. V. Vassiliev A. Weinstein d. A. Williams S. l. Wong CP3-Origins University of Southern Denmark Campusvej 55 5230 Odense M Denmark Physics Department Columbia University New York New York 10027 USA Department of Physics and Astronomy and the Bartol Research Institute University of Delaware Newark Delaware 19716 USA Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Utah Salt Lake City Utah 84112 USA DESY Platanenallee 6 15738 Zeuthen Germany Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian Cambridge Massachusetts 02138 USA Physics Department California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo California 94307 USA Department of Physics Washington University St. Louis Missouri 63130 USA Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics 525 Davey Lab Pennsylvania State University University Park Pennsylvania 16802 USA School of Physics and Astronomy University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota 55455 USA Department of Physics California State University—East Bay Hayward California 94542 USA Physics Department McGill University Montreal Quebec City H3A 2T8 Canada Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics and Department of Physics University of California Santa Cruz California 95064 USA Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian Cambridge Massachusetts 02138 USA and Department of Physics and Astronomy Dartmouth College 6127 Wilder Laboratory Hanover New Hampshire 03755 USA Department of Physics University of Maryland College Park Maryland USA and NASA GSFC Greenbelt Maryland 20771 USA Department of Physics and Astronomy University of California Los Angeles California 90095 USA Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Iowa Van Allen Hall Iowa City Iowa 52242 USA Department of Physics and Astronomy DePauw University Greencastle Indiana 46135-0037 USA Department of Physics University of Maryland College Park Maryland USA School of Natural Sciences University of Galway University Road Galway H91 TK33 Ireland School of Physics Department of Physics and Astronomy Barnard College C

Understanding the nature and identity of dark matter is a key goal in the physics community. In the case that TeV-scale dark matter particles decay or annihilate into Standard Model particles, very-high-energy (VHE) gamma rays (greater than 100 GeV) will be present in the final state. The Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System (VERITAS) is an imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescope array that can indirectly detect VHE gamma rays in an energy range of 100 GeV to >30 TeV. dwarf spheroidal galaxies (dSphs) are ideal candidates in the search for dark matter due to their high dark matter content, high mass-to-light ratios, and their low gamma-ray fluxes from astrophysical processes. This study uses a legacy dataset of 638 h collected on 17 dSphs, built over 11 years with an observing strategy optimized according to the dark matter content of the targets. The study addresses a broad dark matter particle mass range, extending from 200 GeV to 30 PeV. In the absence of a detection, we set the upper limits on the dark matter velocity-weighted annihilation cross section.

关键词： Gamma ray astronomy Particle dark matter dark matter detectors Telescopes

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A Performance Analysis of 'light Fidelity' and 'Internet of Things' It's Application

A Performance Analysis of 'Light Fidelity' and 'Internet of ...

引用

2017 International Conference on Transforming engineering Education, ICTEE 2017

作者： Patel, Jaina Trivedi, Pranati Patel, drashti Undergraduate in Department of Electronics Communications L.D College of Engineering Ahmedabad India

ISBN: (纸本)9781538608241

In today's world, the number of people suffering from various diseases are increasing, with this a doctor's capa bility to treat such large number of people deteriorates and also the task to monitor them regularly is painstaking. However we can overcome this problem to a certain extend with the help of newly emerged technology of lIFI and IOT. lIFI or light Fidelity invented by Prof. Harald Hass of University of Edin burgh and IOT proposed by Kevin Ashton, provide us with one such technology using which a doctor can keep record of his/her patient from anywhere across the world. Since doctor has to stay updated with his patient's condition, we need a very fast and noninterfering connectivity which is possible by lIFI and this huge data of patient's can be recorded and stored using cloud computing IOT. Once the doctor receives data, he can analyze them and provide appropriate feedback to the person (nurse) who is currently operating the patient. © 2017 IEEE.

关键词： Internet of things

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Seismic design methodology for liquid Nitrogen tank: A Review

Seismic design methodology for Liquid Nitrogen tank: A Revie...

引用

5th International Conference of Materials Processing and Characterization, ICMPC 2016

作者： Kumar Gupta, Manoj Patel, Pranav Shukla, H.A. Bumtariya, Kuldip J. Khan, Ziauddin Institute for Plasma Research Gandhinagar India L D College of Engineering Ahmedabad India

Storage tank is one of the key components for any cryogenic system. The cryogens are stored in the storage tanks to supply for the cryogenic process. Mostly the storage tanks are designed for the horizontal position. The disadvantages for the horizontal cryo storage tanks are the space requirement, stratification *** save the space vertical tanks have to be designed. In vertical storage tank, seismic aspect has to be considered during design as per seismic zone. This aspect is more important than the mechanical and thermal design aspect. Hence now a day, the seismic design is a major requirement in cryogenics *** heavy earthquake emerge, that will cause disaster due to failure in cryogenic tank. during a seismic action, internal forces are induced due to the acceleration of a tank structure and hydrodynamic forces are induced due to the acceleration of liquid. Tanks were damaged during past earthquakes events. So the vertical tank has to be designed by considering thermal, mechanical and seismic aspects. Theseismic design changes as per the seismic zone, where the storage tank has to be installed. © 2017 Elsevier ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Seismic design

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Strength characteristics of jointed rock matrixes with circular opening under triaxial compression 51

Strength characteristics of jointed rock matrixes with circu...

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51st US Rock Mechanics / Geomechanics Symposium 2017

作者： Shah, M.V. Joshi, Ravi Applied Mechanics Department L.D. College of Engineering Ahmedabad380015 India

ISBN: (纸本)9781510857582

Presence of fissures, faults and cuts of various types in rocks has considerable influence on shear parameters and modulus of elasticity of rocks under different confining pressures. Every ground/rock mass has a preexisting stress state and we need to understand it, both directly and indirectly as the stress state is important from analysis and design point of view of civil engineering structures, mainly tunnels. This research work is an attempt to analyze the effect of pre- existing stress under varying confining pressures by artificially introducing the cracks, fissures pattern into rock mass by varying size of circular opening, their location pattern made in sandstones sample collected from two locations (Rajasthan, dholpur and dhrangadhra Gujarat.). The diameter of circular opening is 6 mm, 10mm and 14 mm, with horizontal cut and inclined cut of 200 into cylindrical rock specimen(45mm dia x 90mm height of sandstone)and sheared using rock triaxial test system to obtained true strength characteristics viz. shear parameters and modulus of elasticity. The paper contains comparison of shear parameters and modulus of elasticity of rock specimens with varying circular opening size, their relative heights, angle of cut and confining pressures for the sandstone specimen collected from different locations. The results were also compared with those for corresponding intact cylindrical rock specimens. © 2017 ARMA, American Rock Mechanics Association.

关键词： Elastic moduli

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Observation of Seven Astrophysical Tau Neutrino Candidates with IceCube

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Physical Review letters 2024年第15期132卷 151001-151001页

作者： R. Abbasi M. Ackermann J. Adams S. K. Agarwalla J. A. Aguilar M. Ahlers J. M. Alameddine N. M. Amin K. Andeen G. Anton C. Argüelles Y. Ashida S. Athanasiadou S. N. Axani X. Bai V. A. Balagopal M. Baricevic S. W. Barwick V. Basu R. Bay J. J. Beatty J. Becker Tjus J. Beise C. Bellenghi C. Benning S. BenZvi d. Berley E. Bernardini d. Z. Besson E. Blaufuss S. Blot F. Bontempo J. Y. Book C. Boscolo Meneguolo S. Böser O. Botner J. Böttcher E. Bourbeau J. Braun B. Brinson J. Brostean-Kaiser R. T. Burley R. S. Busse d. Butterfield M. A. Campana K. Carloni E. G. Carnie-Bronca S. Chattopadhyay N. Chau C. Chen Z. Chen d. Chirkin S. Choi B. A. Clark l. Classen A. Coleman G. H. Collin A. Connolly J. M. Conrad P. Coppin P. Correa d. F. Cowen P. dave C. de Clercq J. J. delaunay d. delgado S. deng K. deoskar A. desai P. desiati K. d. de Vries G. de Wasseige T. deYoung A. diaz J. C. díaz-Vélez M. dittmer A. domi H. dujmovic M. A. duVernois T. Ehrhardt P. Eller E. Ellinger S. El Mentawi d. Elsässer R. Engel H. Erpenbeck J. Evans P. A. Evenson K. l. Fan K. Fang K. Farrag A. R. Fazely N. Feigl S. Fiedlschuster A. T. Fienberg C. Finley l. Fischer d. Fox A. Franckowiak A. Fritz P. Fürst J. Gallagher E. Ganster A. Garcia l. Gerhardt A. Ghadimi C. Glaser T. Glauch T. Glüsenkamp N. Goehlke J. G. Gonzalez S. Goswami d. Grant S. J. Gray O. Gries S. Griffin S. Griswold K. M. Groth C. Günther P. Gutjahr C. Haack A. Hallgren R. Halliday l. Halve F. Halzen H. Hamdaoui M. Ha Minh K. Hanson J. Hardin A. A. Harnisch P. Hatch A. Haungs K. Helbing J. Hellrung F. Henningsen l. Heuermann N. Heyer S. Hickford A. Hidvegi C. Hill G. C. Hill K. d. Hoffman S. Hori K. Hoshina W. Hou T. Huber K. Hultqvist M. Hünnefeld R. Hussain K. Hymon S. In A. Ishihara M. Jacquart O. Janik M. Jansson G. S. Japaridze M. Jeong M. Jin B. J. P. Jones d. Kang W. Kang X. Kang A. Kappes d. Kappesser l. Kardum T. Karg M. Karl A. Karle U. Katz M. Kauer J. l. Kelley A. Khatee Zathul A. Kheirandish J. Kiryluk S. R. Klein A. Kochocki R. Koirala H. Kolanoski T. Kontrimas l. Köpke C. Department of Physics Loyola University Chicago Chicago Illinois 60660 USA Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY Platanenallee 6 15738 Zeuthen Germany Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Canterbury Private Bag 4800 Christchurch New Zealand Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center University of Wisconsin–Madison Madison Wisconsin 53706 USA Université Libre de Bruxelles Science Faculty CP230 B-1050 Brussels Belgium Niels Bohr Institute University of Copenhagen DK-2100 Copenhagen Denmark Department of Physics TU Dortmund University D-44221 Dortmund Germany Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Delaware Newark Delaware 19716 USA Department of Physics Marquette University Milwaukee Wisconsin 53201 USA Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg D-91058 Erlangen Germany Department of Physics and Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology Harvard University Cambridge Massachusetts 02138 USA Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Utah Salt Lake City Utah 84112 USA Physics Department South Dakota School of Mines and Technology Rapid City South Dakota 57701 USA Department of Physics and Astronomy University of California Irvine California 92697 USA Department of Physics University of California Berkeley California 94720 USA Department of Astronomy Ohio State University Columbus Ohio 43210 USA Department of Physics and Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics Ohio State University Columbus Ohio 43210 USA Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie Ruhr-Universität Bochum D-44780 Bochum Germany Department of Physics and Astronomy Uppsala University Box 516 S-75120 Uppsala Sweden Physik-department Technische Universität München D-85748 Garching Germany III. Physikalisches Institut RWTH Aachen University D-52056 Aachen Germany Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Rochester Rochester New York 1

We report on a measurement of astrophysical tau neutrinos with 9.7 yr of IceCube data. Using convolutional neural networks trained on images derived from simulated events, seven candidate ντ events were found with visible energies ranging from roughly 20 TeV to 1 PeV and a median expected parent ντ energy of about 200 TeV. Considering backgrounds from astrophysical and atmospheric neutrinos, and muons from π±/K± decays in atmospheric air showers, we obtain a total estimated background of about 0.5 events, dominated by non-ντ astrophysical neutrinos. Thus, we rule out the absence of astrophysical ντ at the 5σ level. The measured astrophysical ντ flux is consistent with expectations based on previously published IceCube astrophysical neutrino flux measurements and neutrino oscillations.

关键词： Cosmic ray acceleration Extrasolar neutrino astronomy Particle interactions Particle mixing & oscillations Cherenkov detectors Machine learning Neutrino detection Telescopes

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Quantifying broadband chromatic drifts in Fabry-Pérot resonators for exoplanet science

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Kreider, Molly Kate Fredrick, Connor diddams, Scott A. Terrien, Ryan C. Mahadevan, Suvrath Ninan, Joe P. Bender, Chad F. Mitchell, daniel Rajagopal, Jayadev Roy, Arpita Schwab, Christian Wright, Jason T. Department of Physics University of Colorado Boulder 440 UCB BoulderCO80309 United States Electrical Computer and Energy Engineering University of Colorado Boulder 425 UCB BoulderCO80309 United States Time and Frequency Division National Institute of Standards and Technology 325 Broadway BoulderCO80305 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy Carleton College One North College Street NorthfieldMN55057 United States Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics 525 Davey Laboratory The Pennsylvania State University University ParkPA16802 United States Center for Exoplanets and Habitable Worlds 525 Davey Laboratory The Pennsylvania State University University ParkPA16802 United States Dept. of Astronomy and Astrophysics Tata Institute of Fundamental Research 1 Homi Bhabha Road Colaba Mumbai400005 India Steward Observatory University of Arizona 933 N Cherry Ave TucsonAZ85721 United States LightMachinery Inc. 80 Colonnade Rd N Unit 1 NepeanONK2E 7L2 Canada NSF NOIRLab 950 N Cherry Ave TucsonAZ85179 United States Schmidt Sciences New YorkNY10011 United States School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences Macquarie University Balaclava Road North RydeNSW2109 Australia Penn State Extraterrestrial Intelligence Center 525 Davey Laboratory Penn State University ParkPA16802 United States

The possibility of an Earth-Sun analog beyond our solar system is one of the most longstanding questions in science. At present, answering this question embodies an extremely difficult measurement problem that requires multiple coordinated advances in astronomical telescopes, fiber optics, precision spectrographs, large format detector arrays, and advanced data processing. Taken together, addressing this challenge will require the measurement and calibration of shifts in stellar spectra at the 10−10 level over multi-year periods. The potential for such precision has recently been advanced by the introduction of laser frequency combs (lFCs) to the field of precision astronomical spectroscopy. However, the expense, complexity and lack of full spectral coverage of lFCs has limited their widespread use and ultimate impact. To address this issue, we explore simple and robust white-light-illuminated Fabry-Pérot (FP) etalons as spectral calibrators for precise radial velocity measurements. We track the frequencies of up to 13,000 etalon modes of the installed FPs from two state-of-the-art astronomical spectrographs. Combining these measurements with modeling, we trace unexpected chromatic variations of the FP modes to sub-picometer changes in the dielectric layers of the broad bandwidth FP mirrors. This yields the determination of the frequencies of the FP modes with precision approaching ∼10−11/day, equivalent to a radial velocity (RV) doppler shift of 3 mm/s/day. These results represent critical progress in precision RV measurements on two fronts: first, they make FP etalons a more powerful stand-alone calibration tool, and second, they demonstrate the capability of lFCs to extend cm/s level RV measurement precision over periods approaching a year. Together, these advances highlight a path to achieving spectroscopic calibration at levels that will be critical for finding earths like our own. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Calibration

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Mineral detection of Neutrinos and dark Matter. A Whitepaper

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Baum, Sebastian Stengel, Patrick Abe, Natsue Acevedo, Javier F. Araujo, Gabriela R. Asahara, Yoshihiro Avignone, Frank Balogh, levente Baudis, laura Boukhtouchen, Yilda Bramante, Joseph Breur, Pieter Alexander Caccianiga, lorenzo Capozzi, Francesco Collar, Juan I. Ebadi, Reza Edwards, Thomas Eitel, Klaus Elykov, Alexey Ewing, Rodney C. Freese, Katherine Fung, Audrey Galelli, Claudio Glasmacher, Ulrich A. Gleason, Arianna Hasebe, Noriko Hirose, Shigenobu Horiuchi, Shunsaku Hoshino, Yasushi Huber, Patrick Ido, Yuki Igami, Yohei Ishikawa, Norito Itow, Yoshitaka Kamiyama, Takashi Kato, Takenori Kavanagh, Bradley J. Kawamura, Yoji Kazama, Shingo Kenney, Christopher J. Kilminster, Ben Kouketsu, Yui Kozaka, Yukiko Kurinsky, Noah A. leybourne, Matthew lucas, Thalles Mcdonough, William F. Marshall, Mason C. Mateos, Jose Maria Mathur, Anubhav Michibayashi, Katsuyoshi Mkhonto, Sharlotte Murase, Kohta Naka, Tatsuhiro Oguni, Kenji Rajendran, Surjeet Sakane, Hitoshi Sala, Paola Scholberg, Kate Semenec, Ingrida Shiraishi, Takuya Spitz, Joshua Sun, Kai Suzuki, Katsuhiko Tanin, Erwin H. Vincent, Aaron Vladimirov, Nikita Walsworth, Ronald l. Watanabe, Hiroko Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics Department of Physics Stanford University StanfordCA94305 United States Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Ferrara via Giuseppe Saragat 1 FerraraI-44122 Italy Kanagawa Yokohama236-0001 Japan SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Stanford University 2575 Sand Hill Road Menlo ParkCA94025 United States Department of Physics University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 ZurichCH-8057 Switzerland Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences Graduate School of Environmental Studies Nagoya University Furo-cho Chikusa-ku Nagoya464-8601 Japan Department of Physics and Astronomy University of South Carolina ColumbiaSC29208 United States Mechanical and Materials Engineering Queen’s University 130 Stuart Street KingstonONK7L 2V9 Canada Department of Physics Engineering Physics and Astronomy Queen’s University 64 Bader Lane KingstonONK7L 2S8 Canada Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics WaterlooONN2J 2W9 Canada Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Via Celoria 16 Milan Italy Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche Università degli Studi dell’Aquila L’Aquila67100 Italy Department of Physics University of Chicago ChicagoIL60637 United States Department of Physics University of Maryland College ParkMD20742 United States Quantum Technology Center University of Maryland College ParkMD20742 United States The William H. Miller III Department of Physics and Astronomy The Johns Hopkins University BaltimoreMD21218 United States Institute for Astroparticle Physics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe76021 Germany Earth and Planetary Sciences Stanford University StanfordCA94305-2115 United States Texas Center for Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics Weinberg Institute for Theoretical Physics Department of Physics The University of Texas at Austin AustinTX78712 United States The Oskar Klein Centre Department of Physics Stockholm University AlbaNova

Minerals are solid state nuclear track detectors – nuclear recoils in a mineral leave latent damage to the crystal structure. depending on the mineral and its temperature, the damage features are retained in the material from minutes (in low-melting point materials such as salts at a few hundred ◦C) to timescales much larger than the 4.5 Gyr-age of the Solar System (in refractory materials at room temperature). The damage features from the O(50) MeV fission fragments left by spontaneous fission of 238U and other heavy unstable isotopes have long been used for fission track dating of geological samples. laboratory studies have demonstrated the readout of defects caused by nuclear recoils with energies as small as O(1) keV. This whitepaper discusses a wide range of possible applications of minerals as detectors for ER O(1) keV nuclear recoils: Using natural minerals, one could use the damage features accumulated over O(10) Myr–O(1) Gyr to measure astrophysical neutrino fluxes (from the Sun, supernovae, or cosmic rays interacting with the atmosphere) as well as search for dark Matter. Using signals accumulated over months to few-years timescales in laboratory-manufactured minerals, one could measure reactor neutrinos or use them as dark Matter detectors, potentially with directional sensitivity. Research groups in Europe, Asia, and America have started developing microscopy techniques to read out the O(1)–O(100) nm damage features in crystals left by O(0.1)–O(100) keV nuclear recoils. We report on the status and plans of these programs. The research program towards the realization of such detectors is highly interdisciplinary, combining geoscience, material science, applied and fundamental physics with techniques from quantum information and Artificial Intelligence. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Minerals

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Building RMS for a Rd using Wordnet 3

Building RMS for a RD using Wordnet

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3rd International Conference on Applied and Theoretical Computing and Communication Technology (iCATccT)

作者： Padmini, Shete Patil, G. A. Department of Computer Science and Engineering Shivaji University D. Y. Patil College of Engineering and Technology Kasaba Bawada Kolhapur Maharashtra India

ISBN: (纸本)9781538611449

In reverse dictionary building a Reverse Mapping Set is important to extract the candidate words from the user input phrase. We present set of algorithms to build the RMS. Building the RMS in a Reverse dictionary is significant to extend the search of more meaningful words for a user entered phrase to obtain efficient word as a result. We build reverse mapping set where we fetch the synsets like synonyms, hypernyms and hyponyms using an ExpandQuery algorithm. Building these synsets, we can explore the number of result in form of words and possibility of getting perspective results will be increased.

关键词： Text Classification Rd Clustering WordNet database Stemming Auto-correction RMS Synsets Performance

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