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Literature Review of Frost Heave Prevention Technologies for Railway Subgrades in Frozen Ground Regions

Tiedao Xuebao/Journal of the China Railway Society 2025年第4期47卷 141-154页

作者： Hu, Tianfei Li, Tianfeng Yuan, Yifei Yue, Zurun Sun, Tiecheng Zhao, Liqi Slale Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and System Safety of Traffic Engineering Structures Shijiazhuang Tiedao University Shijiazhuang050043 China Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior Evolution and Control of Traffic Engineering Structures in Hebei Shijiazhuang Tiedao University Shijiazhuang050043 China School of Civil Engineering Shijiazhuang Tiedao University Shijiazhuang050043 China

Subgrade frost heave is one of the most frequent and severe damages encountered in railway operation in frozen ground regions. Reasonable measures must be taken in terms of local conditions and specific operational period to decelerate and eliminate frost heave and ensure the smooth operation of the railway line. By summarizing the progress of subgrade frost heave prevention methods, this paper clarified the application cases and effectiveness, existing problems, and future development directions. In terms of the fillers used, moisture, and temperature, the technical characteristics, applicability, and on-site application of various measures were summarized. These measures included graded crushed stone fillers, concrete subgrade, salinization method, pressure grouting, elevated track, replacement, drilling and filler replacement, top waterproofing of the surface and bottom layers of the subgrade, drainage pipes, capillary drainage structures, sand-free concrete permeable structures, permeable blind ditches, insulation boards, and insulation berms. Exploratory research and applications of the emerging cold resistance filler, electro-osmosis grouting/drainage, vacuum grouting/drainage, insulation strengthening layer, and active heating measures were summarized. Finally, in terms of the design, construction, and operation stages, the development trends in the subgrade frost heave prevention technologies were summarized. © 2025 Science Press. All rights reserved.

关键词： Humidity control

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Reinforcing shell elements for fiber-reinforced composites undergoing large deformations and general motion

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Composite structures 2025年 366卷

作者： Li, Yanhu Lu, Yongjie Song, Jibo Zhang, Linao State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and System Safety of Traffic Engineering Structures Shijiazhuang Tiedao University No. 17 North 2nd Ring East Road Shijiazhuang Hebei050043 China School of Mechanical Engineering Shijiazhuang Tiedao University No. 17 North 2nd Ring East Road Shijiazhuang Hebei050043 China Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Shijiazhuang College of Applied Technology No. 226 Tianning Road Shijiazhuang Hebei050043 China

Fiber-reinforced composites offer excellent mechanical properties and lightweight advantages in multibody systems. However, their significant anisotropy and geometrical and material nonlinearities present challenges for accurate modeling and simulation. In this paper, two new types of reinforcing shell elements are developed within the Absolute Nodal Coordinate Formulation framework. The first type assumes that each fiber behaves as an Euler beam with only tensile and bending stiffness, making it suitable for simulating reinforcing fibers with arbitrary orientations and nonuniform materials and cross-section areas. The second type employs elastic force formulation based on Kirchhoff–Love theory or continuum mechanics. It is suitable for simulating reinforcing fibers that appear in a layered form with unique orientation, material, and cross-section area. The fibers and matrix are described independently in these new reinforcing elements, coupled through consistent deformation compatibility conditions. This approach allows different material models and element formulations for the fibers and matrix to be used. Furthermore, multiple fibers (or layers) can be embedded within a single reinforcing shell element, providing more accurate representations of the actual physical structure. The effectiveness of the developed reinforcing elements is validated through several benchmark problems. Numerical results demonstrate that both types of reinforcing shell elements are locking-free and can automatically capture the reinforcing effects of the fibers and the coupled deformation modes. This investigation enriches the element library of the Absolute Nodal Coordinate Formulation and provides an effective tool for the accurate simulation and optimal design of fiber-reinforced composites in multibody systems. © 2025

关键词： Shells (structures)

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Fractional-order visco-plastic constitutive model for uniaxial ratcheting behaviors

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2019年第1期40卷 49-62页

作者： Wenjie ZHAO Shaopu YANG Guilin WEN Xuehong REN State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body Hunan University State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior in Traffic Engineering Structure and System Safety Shijiazhuang Tiedao University

This paper proposes a novel unified visco-plastic constitutive model for uniaxial ratcheting behaviors. The cyclic deformation of the material presents remarkable time-dependence and history memory phenomena. The fractional(fractional-order)derivative is an efficient tool for modeling these phenomena. Therefore, we develop a cyclic fractional-order unified visco-plastic(FVP) constitutive model. Specifically, within the framework of the cyclic elasto-plastic theory, the fractional derivative is used to describe the accumulated plastic strain rate and nonlinear kinematic hardening rule based on the Ohno-Abdel-Karim model. Moreover, a new radial return method for the back stress is developed to describe the unclosed hysteresis loops of the stress-strain *** capacity of the FVP model used to predict the cyclic deformation of the SS304 stainless steel is verified through a comparison with the corresponding experimental data found in the literature(KANG, G. Z., KAN, Q. H., ZHANG, J., and SUN, Y. F. Timedependent ratcheting experiments of SS304 stainless steel. International Journal of Plasticity, 22(5), 858–894(2006)). The FVP model is shown to be successful in predicting the rate-dependent ratcheting behaviors of the SS304 stainless steel.

关键词： cyclic visco-plastic constitutive fractional derivative fractional-order uni-fied visco-plastic(FVP)model rate-dependent ratcheting

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Subharmonic resonance of single-degree-of-freedom piecewise-smooth nonlinear oscillator

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2020年第5期36卷 1109-1118,I0003页

作者： Jiangchuan Niu Wenjing Zhang Yongjun Shen Shaopu Yang State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and System Safety of Traffic Engineering Structures Shijiazhuang Tiedao UniversityShijiazhuang 050043China School of Mechanical Engineering Shijiazhuang Tiedao UniversityShijiazhuang 050043China

Take the single degree of freedom nonlinear oscillator with clearance under harmonic excitation as an example,the 1/3 subharmonic resonance of piecewise-smooth nonlinear oscillator is *** approximate analytical solution of 1/3 subharmonic resonance of the single-degree-of-freedom piecewise-smooth nonlinear oscillator is *** changing the solving process of Krylov-Bogoliubov-Mitropolsky(KBM)asymptotic method for subharmonic resonance of smooth nonlinear system,the classical KBM method is extended to piecewise-smooth nonlinear *** existence conditions of 1/3 subharmonic resonance steady-state solution are achieved,and the stability of the subharmonic resonance steady-statesolution is also *** is found that the clearance affects the amplitude-frequency response of subharmonic resonance in the form of equivalent negative *** a demonstration example,the accuracy of approximate analytical solution is verified by numerical solution,and they have good *** on the approximate analytical solution,the infuences of clearance on the critical frequency and amplitude-frequency response of 1/3 subharmonic resonance are analyzed in *** analysis results show that the KBM method is an effective analytical method for solving the subharmonic resonance of piecewise-smooth nonlinear *** it provides an effective reference for the study of subharmonicr esonance of other piecewise-smooth systems.

关键词： Subharmonic resonance Piecewise-smooth system Approximate analytical solution Asymptotic method

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system Reliability Analysis for Truss structures Based on Automatic Updated Model

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Computer Modeling in engineering & Sciences 2023年第3期134卷 2057-2071页

作者： Pengyu Chen Cunbao Zhao He Yao Junliang Li State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and System Safety of Traffic Engineering Structures Shijiazhuang Tiedao UniversityShijiazhuang050043China

Multiple failure modes tend to be identified in the reliability analysis of a redundant truss *** identification process involves updating the model for identifying the next potential failure *** we intend to update the finite element model automatically in the identification process of failure modes and further perform the system reliability analysis *** study presents a framework that is implemented through the joint simulation of MATLAB and APDL and consists of three parts:reliability index of a single member,identification of dominant failure modes,and system-level reliability analysis for system reliability analysis of truss ***,RSM(response surface method)combines with a constrained optimization model to calculate the reliability indices *** theβ-unzipping method is adopted to identify the dominant failuremodes,and the system function in MATLAB,as well as the EKILL command in APDL,is used to facilitate the automatic update of the finite element model and realize ***,the differential equivalence recursion algorithmis performed to approximate the reliability indices of failuremodes efficiently and ***,the PNET(probabilistic network evaluation technique)is used to calculate the joint failure probability as well as the system reliability *** illustrative examples demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed system reliability analysis framework through comparison with corresponding references.

关键词： Multiple failure modes truss structure automatic update system reliability analysis framework

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Learnable Operational Design Condition Monitor for Failure Prediction in Autonomous Driving

SSRN

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SSRN 2025年

作者： Xu, Haowei Bian, Yougang Li, Yang Qin, Hongmao Zhou, Hanchu Chang, Fangrong Wang, Shaofei Ye, Qing State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing Technology for Vehicle College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering Hunan University Changsha410082 China Research and Development Center of Transport Industry of Self-driving Technology China Merchants Chongqing Communications Technology Research and Design Institute Co. Ltd. Chongqing China School of Traffic and Transportation Engineering Central South University Changsha China Department of Data and System Engineering The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong School of Resources and Safety Engineering Central South University Changsha China School of Data Science China

Ensuring the safety of Autonomous Driving systems (ADS) across diverse and unpredictable operational scenarios remains a significant challenge for accident prevention. Central to this effort is the continuous monitoring of Operational Design Conditions (ODC), which encompass both in-vehicle factors and external Operational Design Domain (ODD). However, the absence of robust methodologies to precisely identify ODC boundaries hinders the deployment and adoption of high-level ADS. This paper introduces a learnable ODC monitor designed to identify implicit operational design condition boundaries to prevent ADS failures. By integrating a state-space duality encoder and a Bayesian neural network decoder, we propose an efficient learnable ODC monitor, termed ODCNet. Furthermore, to further enhance prediction reliability, residual error analysis with linear discrimination is applied for calibrating prediction. Experimental results demonstrate ODCNet's superiority in failure prediction compared to baseline models, achieving a balance between safety and coverage. These findings contribute to advancing data-driven accident prediction and prevention strategies, ensuring safer deployments of ADS in complex environments. © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Autonomous vehicles

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Nonlinear free vibration of piezoelectric semiconductor doubly-curved shells based on nonlinear drift-diffusion model

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2023年第10期44卷 1761-1776页

作者： Changsong ZHU Xueqian FANG Jinxi LIU State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and System Safety of Traffic Engineering Structures Shijiazhuang Tiedao UniversityShijiazhuang 050043China Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior Evolution and Control of Traffic Engineering Structures in Hebei Shijiazhuang 050043China School of Environment and Civil Engineering Dongguan University of TechnologyDongguan 523808Guangdong ProvinceChina

In this paper, the nonlinear free vibration behaviors of the piezoelectric semiconductor(PS) doubly-curved shell resting on the Pasternak foundation are studied within the framework of the nonlinear drift-diffusion(NLDD) model and the first-order shear deformation theory. The nonlinear constitutive relations are presented, and the strain energy, kinetic energy, and virtual work of the PS doubly-curved shell are *** on Hamilton's principle as well as the condition of charge continuity, the nonlinear governing equations are achieved, and then these equations are solved by means of an efficient iteration method. Several numerical examples are given to show the effect of the nonlinear drift current, elastic foundation parameters as well as geometric parameters on the nonlinear vibration frequency, and the damping characteristic of the PS doublycurved shell. The main innovations of the manuscript are that the difference between the linearized drift-diffusion(LDD) model and the NLDD model is revealed, and an effective method is proposed to select a proper initial electron concentration for the LDD model.

关键词： nonlinear free vibration piezoelectric semiconductor(PS)doubly-curved shell nonlinear drift-diffusion(NLDD)model linearized drift-diffusion(LDD)model

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Research on hunting stability and bifurcation characteristics of nonlinear stochastic wheelset system

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2023年第3期44卷 431-446页

作者： Peng WANG Shaopu YANG Yongqiang LIU Pengfei LIU Xing ZHANG Yiwei ZHAO State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and System Safety of Traffic Engineering Structures Shijiazhuang Tiedao UniversityShijiazhuang 050043China School of Traffic and Transportation Shijiazhuang Tiedao UniversityShijiazhuang 050043China School of Mechanical Engineering Shijiazhuang Tiedao UniversityShijiazhuang 050043China

A stochastic wheelset model with a nonlinear wheel-rail contact relationship is established to investigate the stochastic stability and stochastic bifurcation of the wheelset system with the consideration of the stochastic parametric excitations of equivalent conicity and suspension *** wheelset is systematized into a onedimensional(1D)diffusion process by using the stochastic average method,the behavior of the singular boundary is analyzed to determine the hunting stability condition of the wheelset system,and the critical speed of stochastic bifurcation is *** stationary probability density and joint probability density are derived *** on the topological structure change of the probability density function,the stochastic Hopf bifurcation form and bifurcation condition of the wheelset system are *** effects of stochastic factors on the hunting stability and bifurcation characteristics are analyzed,and the simulation results verify the correctness of the theoretical *** results reveal that the boundary behavior of the diffusion process determines the hunting stability of the stochastic wheelset system,and the left boundary characteristic value cL=1 is the critical state of hunting ***,stochastic D-bifurcation and P-bifurcation will appear in the wheelset system,and the critical speeds of the two kinds of stochastic bifurcation decrease with the increase in the stochastic parametric excitation intensity.

关键词： stochastic wheelset system stochastic average method singular boundary hunting stability stochastic Hopf bifurcation

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A sequoia-ecology-based metaheuristic optimisation algorithm for multi-constraint engineering design and UAV path planning

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Results in engineering 2025年 26卷

作者： Fan, Shijie Wang, Ruichen Su, Kang Song, Yang Wang, Rui State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and System Safety of Traffic Engineering Structures Shijiazhuang Tiedao University Shijiazhuang050043 China School of Mechanical Engineering Shijiazhuang Tiedao University Shijiazhuang050043 China School of Electrical Engineering Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu611756 China

Current metaheuristic algorithms are typically confined to inspiration from singular perspectives, isolated biological behaviours, or individual phenomena, resulting in inherent limitations that have motivated this study. Diverging from conventional approaches, this paper explores complex biological systems from an ecosystem perspective and conducts comprehensive system modelling, analysis, and algorithmic innovation. Specifically, a novel metaheuristic optimization algorithm inspired by the self-regulating and restorative phenomena observed in sequoia forest ecosystems called the Sequoia Optimization Algorithm (SequoiaOA) is proposed. The sequoia ecosystem exhibits distinctive characteristics including collective growth, resource sharing and networking, adaptability and resilience, reproduction and diversity, and elite retention. Building upon these phenomena, this work presents the first formulation of SequoiaOA, developing its mathematical model and engineering applications through algorithmic modelling and validation from the perspective of ecosystem complexity, self-regulation, and resilience in macro systems. Comparative experiments employing CEC2017 and CEC2022 benchmark functions demonstrate the algorithm's effectiveness through benchmarking against six established metaheuristic algorithms. SequoiaOA achieved superior performance in over 40 % of test functions, outperforming competitors in terms of mean values and variance of objective function measures. Furthermore, its efficacy in addressing real-world multi-constrained engineering challenges was validated through eight engineering design problems. Additional modelling and application experiments in UAV path planning underscore its practical applicability to trajectory optimization tasks. The in-depth discussions reveal that SequoiaOA possesses significant potential for future enhancements and demonstrates broad suitability for diverse optimization problems. The implementation code is available in the Appe

关键词： Biotic

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Study on dynamic slaking response characteristics and calculation model of fouled ballast materials in heavy-haul railways

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Construction and Building Materials 2025年 481卷

作者： Yang, Zhihao Liu, Hengwen Deng, Xi Feng, Huaiping Chang, Jianmei Ma, Deliang Feng, Xiaoqing State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and System Safety of Traffic Engineering Structures Shijiazhuang Tiedao University Shijiazhuang050043 China School of Traffic and Transportation Shijiazhuang Tiedao University Shijiazhuang050043 China School of Civil Engineering Shijiazhuang Tiedao University Shijiazhuang050043 China

Investigating the dynamic slaking characteristics of fouled ballast is critical for elucidating the mud pumping mechanisms in heavy-haul railway ballasted track beds. In this study, in-situ fouled ballast materials from typical mud pumping sections were collected, and a series of dynamic slaking triaxial tests were conducted. The coupled effects of loading frequency, dynamic stress amplitude, and confining pressure on deformation behavior, water infiltration patterns, and moisture migration characteristics under dynamic slaking conditions were systematically examined. Moreover, the evolutionary mechanisms of softening indices in plastically creeping specimens were quantitatively analyzed, yielding computational models for both softening indices and accumulative plastic strain. Furthermore, based on the improved Iwan series model, a calculation model of the dynamic stress-strain relationship considering the load amplitude and frequency under dynamic slaking conditions was established. The dynamic slaking deformation mechanism of fouled ballast was discussed from three aspects: the hysteresis effect of dynamic slaking deformation, the critical frequency regulation mechanism, and the hydromechanical coupling and feedback laws. Based on the findings, a "frequency-amplitude" collaborative control strategy is proposed for mitigating mud pumping diseases in ballasted track beds. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Ballast (railroad track)

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