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10th International Conference of Pioneering Computer Scientists, Engineers and Educators, ICPCSEE 2024

作者： Ye, Yunlong Zhou, Lin Hu, Xiaobo Wang, Yong Department of Computer Science and Technology Shanghai University of Electric Power Shanghai China State Grid Key Laboratory of Power Industrial Chip Design and Analysis Technology Beijing Smart-Chip Microelectronics Technology Co. Ltd. Beijing China

ISBN: (纸本)9789819787456

Within the online sphere, intrusion detection technology plays an increasingly vital role in safeguarding our information security. The current research on intrusion detection mainly focuses on two aspects: machine learning and deep learning, but it cannot be ignored that data balance also affects the efficiency of intrusion detection. The vast majority of current datasets are imbalanced, and during the training process, the model ignores a few class samples, which affects the efficiency of intrusion detection. Therefore, in response to this issue, this article introduces a novel intrusion detection model that integrates Transformer and CNN-BiLSTM, leveraging WGAN-enhanced data. This model first uses Transformer for global capture, establishes global connections, then uses CNN-BiLTM to capture spatial and temporal features, and finally uses Softmax classifier for classification. The dataset used in this article is NSL-KDD. The experimental results show that after data balance processing, the accuracy of two classification tasks of TCB model reaches 92.19%, which is at least 2.24% higher than other models, and the accuracy of multi classification tasks reaches 82.94%, which is at least 1.03% higher than other models. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024.

关键词： Network intrusion

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Design, fabrication, and characterization of hemispherical glass optics for MEMS mirror packaging applications

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Optics Express 2025年第6期33卷 13343-13357页

作者： Xie, Ke Su, Yongquan Huang, Hao Liu, Yichen Wang, Yanlong Weng, Zhichao Chen, Hao Wang, Lihao Wu, Zhenyu School of Microelectronics Shanghai University Shanghai200444 China Shanghai Industrial µTechnology Research Institute Shanghai201800 China State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai200050 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China School of Intergrated Circuit Science and Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu611731 China MExpert Technologies Co. Ltd Shanghai201899 China

This paper presents an improved chemical foaming process (CFP) for fabricating uniform hemispherical glass arrays on 8-inch glass wafers for MEMS mirror optical packaging. Firstly, analytical and simulated models are constructed to predict the parameters of hemispherical glass. The fabrication processes of hemispherical glasses and stable foaming agents are also detailed. Then, we found that temperature distribution during cooling was the key factor in glass height using statistical analysis. By fixing the mass of the sheet and using a copper board to heat it together, the height uniformity is improved from 20.2% to 16.6%. A method to further improve height uniformity is proposed through simulation and experiment. Finally, the fabricated hemispherical glasses are tested. The thickness difference is less than 2% between CT (computed tomography) and simulation. The outer roughness is 0.622 nm. The compressive strength is larger than 200 MPa, demonstrating that the glass can package the MEMS mirror with a high vacuum level inside and defend it from harsh environments. These glasses can eliminate the light spot and ghost image problems of the flat glass in MEMS mirror encapsulation, proving the great advantages of hemispherical glass. © 2025 Optica Publishing Group under the terms of the Optica Open Access Publishing Agreement.

关键词： Computerized tomography

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Rising trends of global precipitable water vapor and its correlation with flood frequency

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Geodesy and Geodynamics 2023年第4期14卷 355-367页

作者： Dong Ren Yong Wang Guocheng Wang Lintao Liu State Key Laboratory of Geodesy and Earth's Dynamics Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430077China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Tianjin Chengjian University Tianjin 300384China

Using 4 global reanalysis data sets, significant upward trends of precipitable water vapor(PWV) were found in the 3 time periods of 1958-2020, 1979-2020, and 2000-2020. During 1958-2020, the global PWV trends obtained using the ERA5 and JRA55 data sets are 0.19 ± 0.01 mm per decade(1.15 ± 0.31%)and 0.23 ± 0.01 mm per decade(1.45 ± 0.32%), respectively. The PWV trends obtained using the ERA5,JRA55, NCEP-NCAR, and NCEP-DOE data sets are 0.22 ± 0.01 mm per decade(1.18 ± 0.54%),0.21 ± 0.00 mm per decade(1.76 ± 0.56%), 0.27 ± 0.01 mm per decade(2.20 ± 0.70%) and 0.28 ± 0.01 mm per decade(2.19 ± 0.70%) for the period 1979-2020. During 2000-2020, the PWV trends obtained using ERA5, JRA55, NCEP-DOE, and NCEP-NCAR data sets are 0.40 ± 0.25 mm per decade(2.66 ± 1.51%),0.37 ± 0.24 mm per decade(2.19 ± 1.54%), 0.40 ± 0.26 mm per decade(1.96 ± 1.53%) and 0.36 ± 0.25 mm per decade(2.47 ± 1.72%), respectively. Rising PWV has a positive impact on changes in precipitation,increasing the probability of extreme precipitation and then changing the frequency of flood ***, exploring the relationship between PWV(derived from ERA5 and JRA55) change and flood disaster frequency from 1958 to 2020 revealed a significant positive correlation between them, with correlation coefficients of 0.68 and 0.79, respectively, which explains the effect of climate change on the increase in flood disaster frequency to a certain extent. The study can provide a reference for assessing the evolution of flood disasters and predicting their frequency trends.

关键词： Precipitable water vapor(PWV) Linear trend Correlation analysis Flood frequency

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Evolution of Monkeypox C9L RNA G-Quadruplex Elevates the Translation of Its Only Kelch-like Protein by Accelerating G-Quadruplex Unfolding Kinetics

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CCS Chemistry 2024年第4期6卷 953-963页

作者： Yicong Dai Xucong Teng Difei Hu Qiushuang Zhang Jinghong Li Department of Chemistry Center for Bioanalytical ChemistryKey Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical BiologyTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084 New Cornerstone Science Laboratory Shenzhen 518054 Beijing Life Science Academy Beijing 102209 Center for Bioanalytical Chemistry Hefei National Laboratory of Physical Sciences at the MicroscaleUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026

Genomic surveillance of monkeypox virus(MPXV)is essential to explore the reason of its unusual *** phylogenomic analysis of the MPXV genome mainly focuses on the effect of amino acid ***,we explore the evolutionary variation of RNA G-quadruplex(RG4)of MPXV and find that the genome evolution of MPXV can also produce new effects through changes in the RG4 *** RG4 is located in MPXV’s only Kelch-like C9L gene,which encodes for an antagonist of the innate immune *** evolution of this virus increases the unfolding kinetic constant of C9L RG4 and promotes the C9 protein level in living ***,all reported MPXV genomes in 2022 carry the C9L-RG4-5 pattern with the highest unfolding kinetic ***,the RG4 ligand,RGB-1,can impede the unfolding of C9L-RG4-5 and thereby reduce the C9 protein *** findings carve out a new path to comprehensively understanding MPXV virology.

关键词： G-quadruplex RNA secondary structure unfolding kinetics monkeypox virus genomic evolution immune evasion

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Retrieval of high spatial resolution mountainous land surface temperature considering topographic and adjacency effects

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science China Earth sciences 2024年第11期67卷 3610-3625页

作者： Zhiwei HE Bohui TANG Zhaoliang LI Faculty of Land Resources Engineering Kunming University of Science and TechnologyKunming 650093China Key Laboratory of Plateau Remote Sensing Department of Education of Yunnan ProvinceKunming 650093China State Key Lab of Resources and Environmental Information System Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Key Laboratory of Agricultural Remote Sensing Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsInstitute of Agricultural Resources and Regional PlanningChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China

Land surface temperature(LST) is a key parameter reflecting the interaction between land and atmosphere. Currently,thermal infrared(TIR) quantitative remote sensing technology is the only means to obtain large-scale, high spatial resolution LST. Accurately retrieving high spatial resolution mountainous LST(MLST) plays an important role in the study of mountain climate change. The complex terrain and strong spatial heterogeneity in mountainous areas change the geometric relationship between the surface and satellite sensors, affecting the radiation received by the sensors, and rendering the assumption of planar parallelism invalid. In this study, considering the influence of complex terrain in mountainous areas on atmospheric downward radiation and the thermal radiation contribution of adjacent pixels, a mountainous TIR radiative transfer model based on the sky view factor was developed. Combining with the atmospheric radiative transfer model MODTRAN 5.2, a nonlinear generalized split-window algorithm suitable for high spatial resolution MLST retrieval was constructed and applied to Landsat-9 TIRS-2satellite TIR remote sensing data. The analysis results indicate that neglecting the topographic and adjacency effects would lead to significant discrepancies in LST retrieval, with simulated data showing LST differences of up to 2.5 K. Furthermore, due to the lack of measured MLST in the field, the MLST accuracy obtained by this retrieval method was indirectly validated using the currently recognized highest-accuracy forward 3D radiative transfer model DART. The MLST and emissivity were input into the DART model to simulate the brightness temperature at the top of the atmosphere(TOA) of Landsat-9 band 10, and compared with the brightness temperature at TOA of Landsat-9 band 10. The RMSE(Root Mean Square Error) for the two subregions was0.50 and 0.61 K, respectively, indicating that the method proposed can retrieve high-precision MLST.

关键词： Mountainous land surface temperature Topographic and adjacency effects Nonlinear generalized split-window algorithm Landsat-9 data DART model

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Butyrate metabolism in rumen epithelium affected by host and diet regime through regulating microbiota in a goat model

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第4期19卷 41-55页

作者： Yimin Zhuang Mahmoud M.Abdelsattar Yuze Fu Naifeng Zhang Jianmin Chai Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding College of Life Science and EngineeringFoshan UniversityFoshan 528225China Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Institute of Feed Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition College of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Division of Agriculture Department of Animal ScienceUniversity of ArkansasFayettevilleAR 72701USA

The rumen is an important organ that enables ruminants to digest nutrients. However, the biological mechanism by which the microbiota and its derived fatty acids regulate rumen development is still unclear. In this study, 18 female Haimen goats were selected and slaughtered at d 30, 60, and 90 of ***-omics analyses(rumen microbial sequencing, host transcriptome sequencing, and rumen epithelial metabolomics) were performed to investigate host-microbe interactions from preweaning to postweaning in a goat model. With increasing age, and after the introduction of solid feed, the increased abundances of Prevotella and Roseburia showed positive correlations with volatile fatty acid(VFA) levels and morphological parameters(P < 0.05). Epithelial transcriptomic analysis showed that the expression levels of hub genes, including 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase isoform 2(HMGCS2), enoyl-CoA hydratase, short chain 1(ECHS1), and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma(PPARG), were positively associated with animal phenotype(P < 0.05). These hub genes were mainly correlated to VFA metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, and the mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR) and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor(PPAR) signaling pathways(P < 0.05). Moreover, the primary metabolites in the epithelium changed from glucose preweaning to(R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid(BHBA) and acetoacetic acid(ACAC) postweaning(P < 0.05). Diet and butyrate were the major factors shaping epithelial metabolomics in young ruminants(P < 0.05). Multi-omics analysis showed that the rumen microbiota and VFA were mainly associated with the epithelial transcriptome, and that alterations in gene expression influenced host metabolism. The “butanoate metabolism” pathway, which transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses identified as being upregulated with age, produces ketones that regulate the “oxidative phosphorylation” pathway, which could provide energy for the development of rumen papillae. Our find

关键词： Rumen microbiota Rumen epithelial development Multi-omics Host-microbe interaction

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Dihydroquercetin attenuated Prevotella copri-caused intestinal injury by modulating gut microbiota and bile acids in weaned piglets

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Animal Nutrition 2025年第1期20卷 303-310页

作者： Long Wang Ruizhi Hu Siqi Ma Xizi Yang Jiatai Gong Hongkun Xiang Mingkun Shi Xupeng Yuan Liang Chen Hongfu Zhang Bie Tan Xi He Jianhua He Shusong Wu Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients College of Animal Science and TechnologyHunan Agricultural UniversityChangsha 410128China College of Animal Science and Technology Hunan Biological and Electromechanical PolytechnicChangsha 410127China State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Institute of Animal SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China

Gut microbiota disruption during the weaning process is a significant factor of intestinal *** previous studies have suggested that Prevotella may play a critical role in causing intestinal *** study aimed to clarify the impact of Prevotella copri on intestinal injury and the protecting effect by dihydroquercetin(DHQ)in weaned piglets.A total of 108 healthy DurocLandraceYorkshire weaned piglets,aged 21 d,were randomly allocated into 3 groups with 6 replicates and 6 piglets per *** piglets were the following diets for 28 d:1)a basal diet,2)basal diet containing 1.0108 CFU/kg ***,3)basal diet supplemented with 1.0108 CFU/kg *** and 100 mg/kg *** showed that *** decreased significantly the average daily gain(ADG)(P<0.001),which was recovered by supplementation of DHQ with decreased serum levels of malondialdehyde(MDA),interleukin(IL)-2 and IL-8 but increased total superoxide dismutase(T-SOD)activity and IL-10 in weaned piglets(P<0.001).Moreover,DHQ increased the expression of tight junction proteins(claudin-2,occludin and tight junction protein zonula occludens protein-1(ZO-1)and the mRNA expression of glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX-4)in ileum(P<0.001).Intestinal flora analysis showed that *** increased the relative abundance of Prevotella(P=0.026)and Eubacterium coprostanoligenes group(P<0.001),but decreased the relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group(P<0.001),while supplementation of DHQ reduced the relative abundance of Prevotella(P=0.026).Metabolomics results indicated that *** enhanced the content of 12-OH bile acid,but decreased the contents of glycodeoxycholic acid(GDCA)and glycochenodeoxycholic acid(GCDCA)(P<0.001),while DHQ reduced the 12-OH bile acid content(P<0.001)and increased the GDCA content(P=0.020).In summary,*** caused intestinal injury and reduced growth performance in weaned piglets,and DHQ showed a protective effect by modulating gut microbiota and bile acids metabolism.

关键词： Prevotella copri Bile acid Dihydroquercetin Gut microbiota Piglet

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Flavonol synthase gene MsFLS13 regulates saline-alkali stress tolerance in alfalfa

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The Crop Journal 2023年第4期11卷 1218-1229页

作者： Lishuang Zhang Yugang Sun Jinqiang Ji Weidi Zhao Weileng Guo Jiaqi Li Yan Bai Dan Wang Zhe Yan Changhong Guo Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cytogenetics College of Life Science and TechnologyHarbin Normal UniversityHarbin 150025HeilongjiangChina Institute of Crop Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China

Alfalfa(Medicago sativa L.) is one of the most extensively grown leguminous forage *** saline-alkali stress significantly influences the growth,development,and yield of alfalfa,posing a threat to its agricultural ***,little is known about the potential mechanisms by which alfalfa responds to saline-alkali ***,we investigated these mechanisms by cloning a saline-alkali-induced flavonol synthase gene(Ms FLS13) from alfalfa,which was previously reported to be significantly upregulated under saline-alkali stress,and examining its function in the saline-alkali *** of Ms FLS13 in alfalfa promoted plant tolerance to saline-alkali stress by enhancing flavonol accumulation,antioxidant capacity,osmotic balance,and photosynthetic ***,Ms FLS13 inhibition using RNA interference reduced flavonol synthase activity and inhibited hairy root growth under saline-alkali *** one-hybrid and dual-luciferase reporter assays indicated that the R2R3-MYB Ms MYB12 transcription factor activates Ms FLS13 expression by binding to the MBS motif in the Ms FLS13 *** analysis revealed that abscisic acid mediates the salinealkali stress response partially by inducing Ms MYB12 and Ms FLS13 expression,which consequently increases flavonol levels and maintains antioxidant homeostasis in ***,our findings highlight the crucial role of Ms FLS13 in alfalfa in response to saline-alkali stress and provide a novel genetic resource for creating saline-alkali-resistant alfalfa through genetic engineering.

关键词： Alfalfa Saline-alkali Msfls13 Msmyb12 Antioxidant

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Multiparameter sensitivity analysis of tilt-to-length coupling noise in Taiji test mass interferometer

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Journal of Astronomical Telescopes, Instruments, and Systems 2025年第1期11卷

作者： Xie, Fei Peng, Xiaodong Tang, Wenlin Zhao, Mengyuan Ma, Xiaoshan UCAS Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study School of Fundamental Physics and Mathematical Sciences Hangzhou China Chinese Academy of Sciences National Space Science Center Key Laboratory of Electronics and Information Technology for Space System Beijing China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Taiji Laboratory for Gravitational Wave Universe Hangzhou China Key Laboratory of Gravitational Wave Precision Measurement of Zhejiang Province Hangzhou China Xi'an University of Finance and Economics School of Information Xi'an China Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Engineering Thermophysics National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Light-duty Gas-turbine Beijing China

Tilt-to-length (TTL) coupling noise is a significant noise source for test mass interferometers in Laser Interferometer Space Antenna or Taiji, but identifying key parameters is a challenge due to the large number of influencing factors and complex interrelationships. Simulation models based on the heterodyne interference process and the signal readout of the test mass interferometer were constructed to generate a dataset containing different parameters and corresponding to the longitudinal path length noise caused by TTL coupling. The eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) model was employed to fit the nonlinear relationships between the parameters and TTL coupling noise. Based on the fitting results of the XGBoost model, the sensitivity of single factor and multiple factors was performed using SHapley Additive exPlanation (SHAP) values and attribution value matrix, and the results were validated by the analytical models. Without reducing the fitting accuracy, the parameter dimension was decreased from ∼60 to 11 according to sensitivities, retaining those most relevant to angular misalignment. The results showed that the angle of the test mass, the angle of the beam splitters and mirrors, and the lateral offset of the test mass had a significant impact on TTL coupling noise. The introduction of machine learning methods into the study of TTL coupling contributes to a deeper understanding of noise mechanisms and provides references for optimizing the instrument design of the Taiji program. © 2025 SPIE. All rights reserved.

关键词： Laser interferometry

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Increased excitatory amino acid transporter 2 levels in basolateral amygdala astrocytes mediate chronic stress–induced anxiety-like behavior

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1721-1734页

作者： Xirong Xu Shoumin Xuan Shuai Chen Dan Liu Qian Xiao Jie Tu Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neuroimmunomodulation for Neurological Diseases Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain ScienceShenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenGuangdong ProvinceChina CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute(BCBDI)Shenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenGuangdong ProvinceChina Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute(BCBDI)Shenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenGuangdong ProvinceChina University of Chinese of Academy of Sciences BeijingChina Faculty of Life and Health Sciences Shenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenGuangdong ProvinceChina

The conventional perception of astrocytes as mere supportive cells within the brain has recently been called into question by empirical evidence, which has revealed their active involvement in regulating brain function and encoding behaviors associated with ***, astrocytes in the basolateral amygdala have been found to play a role in the modulation of anxiety-like behaviors triggered by chronic stress. Nevertheless, the precise molecular mechanisms by which basolateral amygdala astrocytes regulate chronic stress–induced anxiety-like behaviors remain to be fully elucidated. In this study, we found that in a mouse model of anxiety triggered by unpredictable chronic mild stress, the expression of excitatory amino acid transporter 2 was upregulated in the basolateral amygdala. Interestingly, our findings indicate that the targeted knockdown of excitatory amino acid transporter 2 specifically within the basolateral amygdala astrocytes was able to rescue the anxiety-like behavior in mice subjected to stress. Furthermore, we found that the overexpression of excitatory amino acid transporter 2 in the basolateral amygdala, whether achieved through intracranial administration of excitatory amino acid transporter 2agonists or through injection of excitatory amino acid transporter 2-overexpressing viruses with GfaABC1D promoters, evoked anxiety-like behavior in mice. Our single-nucleus RNA sequencing analysis further confirmed that chronic stress induced an upregulation of excitatory amino acid transporter 2 specifically in astrocytes in the basolateral amygdala. Moreover, through in vivo calcium signal recordings, we found that the frequency of calcium activity in the basolateral amygdala of mice subjected to chronic stress was higher compared with normal *** knocking down the expression of excitatory amino acid transporter 2 in the basolateral amygdala, the frequency of calcium activity was not significantly increased, and anxiety-like behavior was ob

关键词： anxiety astrocytes basolateral amygdala behavior dihydrokainic acid excitatory amino acid transporter 2 fiber photometry glutamate LDN-212320 transporter

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