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An updated meta-analysis of influences of animal, dietary, and operational factors on the effects of supplemental methionine on lactational performances in dairy cows

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Journal of dairy science 2025年

作者： Xiaowen Wang Jianhua Wang Peipei Li Hui-Zeng Sun Xiuli Li Hengrui Zhan Minjia He Shiying Zhang Dengpan Bu Lianbin Xu College of Animal Science and Technology Qingdao Agricultural University Qingdao 266109 China. Qingdao Animal Husbandry Workstation Qingdao 266100 China. College of Animal Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China. College of Animal Science and Technology Qingdao Agricultural University Qingdao 266109 China State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Institute of Animal Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100193 China. Electronic address: budengpan@***. College of Animal Science and Technology Qingdao Agricultural University Qingdao 266109 China. Electronic address: xulianbin@***.

Previous studies regarding the effects of supplemental Met on lactational performance in dairy cows are inconsistent, and the potential interfering factors need to be systematically investigated. The standardized mean difference (SMD) of continuous variables from 60 articles published by April 30, 2024, were pooled by random-effects models using Stata version 17. Results showed that Met supplementation increased ECM, milk protein content and yield, and milk fat content and yield (SMD = 0.15-0.53) with a moderate degree of heterogeneity (I = 39.1%-64.6%). Subgroup analyses revealed that responses of lactational performance to Met addition were affected by animal, dietary, and operational factors including parity, lactation stage, cow breed, basal diet type, and MP level, as well as type, dosage, and duration of supplementation. Regression analyses revealed that the associations between milk yield (r = 0.37), milk protein yield (r = 0.42), and milk fat yield (r = 0.33) with digestible Met intake were significant for MP-deficient diets, but not for the MP-adequate diets, and the optimal dosage and duration for rumen-protected Met addition were 13.2 to 16.4 g/d and 68 to 72 d, respectively. These findings provide practical guidelines for Met supplementation to improve the lactation performance in dairy cows.

关键词： interfering factors lactating cows meta-analysis methionine supplementation milk production

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Experimental free-space quantum secure direct communication and its security analysis

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Pan, Dong Lin, Zaisheng Wu, Jiawei Sun, Zhen Ruan, Dong Yin, Liuguo Long, Guilu State Key Laboratory of Low-dimensional Quantum Physics Department of Physics Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information Beijing100084 China School of Information Science and Technology Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology Beijing100084 China Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences Beijing100193 China

We report an experimental implementation of free-space quantum secure direct communication based on single photons. The quantum communication scheme uses phase encoding, and the asymmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometer is optimized so as to automatically compensate phase drift of the photons during their transitions over the free-space medium. An information transmission rate of 500 bps over a 10-meter free space with a mean quantum bit error rate of 0.49%±0.27% is achieved. The security is analyzed under the scenario that Eve performs collective attack and photon number splitting collective attack. Our results show that quantum secure direct communication is feasible in free space. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Quantum communication

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A Double-Loop Robust Model Predictive Control for LCL-Type Grid-Connected Inverters

A Double-Loop Robust Model Predictive Control for LCL-Type G...

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Workshop on Predictive Control of Electrical Drives and Power Electronics (PRECEDE)

作者： Lijie Liu Chuan Xie Weijun Wang Dehong Zhou Jianxiao Zou School of Automation Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu China School of Automation Engineering UESTC Chengdu China Intelligent Terminal Key Laboratory of SiChuan Province Chengdu China Institution of Systems Engineering Academy of Military Sciences Beijing China Shenzhen Institute for Advanced Study UESTC Chengdu China

ISBN: (纸本)9781665425582

To suppress resonance and improve the stability of LCL-type grid-connected inverters effectively, this paper presents a double-loop robust model predictive control (MPC) method for LCL-type grid-connected inverters. The proposed control strategy consists of two parts: the inner loop finite control set model predictive control (FCS-MPC) for regulating inverter-side current and capacitor voltage, and the outer loop linear control for regulating grid-side current. It has the advantages of fast response speed and simple parameters design guidelines. To establish the relationship between the inner loop and outer loop, the describing function method is adopted to identify the frequency response function of the inner loop. The harmonics compensation and robustness against grid-side inductance variation are satisfied during the parameters design procedure. And simulation tests are conducted to prove the effectiveness of the proposed method.

关键词： Inductance Voltage source inverters Design methodology Power system stability Harmonic analysis Robustness Stability analysis

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Automatic diagnosis of agromyzid leafminer damage levels using leaf images captured by AR glasses

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2025年

作者： Zhongru Ye Yongjian Liu Fuyu Ye Hang Li Ju Luo Jianyang Guo Zelin Feng Chen Hong Lingyi Li Shuhua Liu Baojun Yang Wanxue Liu Qing Yao School of Information Science and Technology Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Mobile: +86-*** Hangzhou 310018 China School of Computer Science and Technology Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Hangzhou 310018 China State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests Institute of Plant Protection Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100193 China State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding China National Rice Research Institute Hangzhou 311401 China School of Information and Control Keyi College of Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Hangzhou 310018 China

Agromyzid leafminers cause significant economic losses in both vegetable and horticultural crops, and precise assessments of pesticide needs must be based on the extent of leaf damage. Traditionally, surveyors estimate the damage by visually comparing the proportion of damaged to intact leaf area, a method that lacks objectivity, precision, and reliable data traceability. To address these issues, an advanced survey system that combines augmented reality (AR) glasses with a camera and an artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm was developed in this study to objectively and accurately assess leafminer damage in the field. By wearing AR glasses equipped with a voice-controlled camera, surveyors can easily flatten damaged leaves by hand and capture images for analysis. This method can provide a precise and reliable diagnosis of leafminer damage levels, which in turn supports the implementation of scientifically grounded and targeted pest management strategies. To calculate the leafminer damage level, the DeepLab-Leafminer model was proposed to precisely segment the leafminer-damaged regions and the intact leaf region. The integration of an edge-aware module and a Canny loss function into the DeepLabv3+ model enhanced the DeepLab-Leafminer model's capability to accurately segment the edges of leafminer-damaged regions, which often exhibit irregular shapes. Compared with state-of-the-art segmentation models, the DeepLab-Leafminer model achieved superior segmentation performance with an Intersection over Union (IoU) of 81.23% and an F 1 score of 87.92% on leafminer-damaged leaves. The test results revealed a 92.38% diagnosis accuracy of leafminer damage levels based on the DeepLab-Leafminer model. A mobile application and a web platform were developed to assist surveyors in displaying the diagnostic results of leafminer damage levels. This system provides surveyors with an advanced, user-friendly, and accurate tool for assessing agromyzid leafminer damage in agricultural fi

关键词： agromyzid leafminer plant leaf image damage level AR glasses DeepLabv3+ model image segmentation

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Evidence-Aware Inferential Text Generation with Vector Quantised Variational AutoEncoder

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2020年

作者： Guo, Daya Tang, Duyu Duan, Nan Yin, Jian Jiang, Daxin Zhou, Ming School of Data and Computer Science Sun Yat-sen University Guangdong Key Laboratory of Big Data Analysis and Processing Guangzhou China Microsoft Research Asia Beijing China Microsoft Search Technology Center Asia Beijing China

Generating inferential texts about an event in different perspectives requires reasoning over different contexts that the event occurs. Existing works usually ignore the context that is not explicitly provided, resulting in a context-independent semantic representation that struggles to support the generation. To address this, we propose an approach that automatically finds evidence for an event from a large text corpus, and leverages the evidence to guide the generation of inferential texts. Our approach works in an encoder-decoder manner and is equipped with a Vector Quantised-Variational Autoencoder, where the encoder outputs representations from a distribution over discrete variables. Such discrete representations enable automatically selecting relevant evidence, which not only facilitates evidence-aware generation, but also provides a natural way to uncover rationales behind the generation. Our approach provides state-ofthe-art performance on both Event2Mind and ATOMIC datasets. More importantly, we find that with discrete representations, our model selectively uses evidence to generate different inferential texts. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Semantics

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Multi-scale analysis of schizophrenia risk genes, brain structure, and clinical symptoms reveals integrative dues for subtyping schizophrenia patients

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Journal of Molecular Cell Biology 2019年第8期11卷 678-687页

作者： Liang Ma Edmund T.Rolls Xiuqin Liu Yuting Liu Zeyu Jiao Yue Wang Weikang Gong Zhiming Ma Fuzhou Gong Lin Wan CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine Beijing Institute of Genomics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China National Center of Mathematics and Interdisciplinary Sciences Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China Department of Computer Science University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK Oxford Centre for Computational Neuroscience Oxford 0X2 7JF UK School of Mathematics and Physics University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China School of Science Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing 100044 China Centre for Computational Systems Biology School of Mathematical Sciences Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200031 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

analysis Unking directly genomics, neuroimaging phenotypes and clinical measurements is crucial for understanding psychiatric disorders, but remains ***, we describe a multi-scale analysis using genome-wide SNPs, gene expression, grey matter volume (GMV), and the positive and negative syndrome scale scores (PANSS) to explore the etiology of schizophrenia. With 72 drug-naive schizophrenic first episode patients (FEPs) and 73 matched heathy controls, we identified 108 genes, from schizophrenia risk genes, that correlated significantly with GMV, which are highly co-expressed in the brain during development. Among these 108 candidates, 19 distinct genes were found associated with 16 brain regions referred to as hot clusters (HCs), primarily in the frontal cortex, sensory-motor regions and temporal and parietal *** patients were subtyped into three groups with distinguishable PANSS scores by the GMV of the identified HCs. Furthermore, we found that HCs with common GMV among patient groups are related to genes that mostly mapped to pathways relevant to neural signaling, which are associated with the risk for *** results provide an integrated view of how genetic variants may affect brain structures that lead to distinct disease *** method of multi-scale analysis that was described in this research, may help to advance the understanding of the etiology of schizophrenia.

关键词： Schizophrenia PANSS multi-scale analysis hot cluster grey matter volume pathway

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Gaseous molecules-mediated electrochemical exfoliation of halogenated MXenes and its boosting in wear-resisting tribovoltaic devices

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Nature communications 2025年第1期16卷 5051页

作者： Qi Fan Minghua Chen Longyi Li Minghui Li Chuanxiao Xiao Tianci Zhao Long Pan Ningning Liang Qing Huang Lijing Yu Laipan Zhu Michael Naguib Kun Liang Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Data-Driven High-Safety Energy Materials and Applications Ningbo Key Laboratory of Special Energy Materials and Chemistry Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo 315201 P. R. China. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 19 A Yuquan Rd Shijingshan District Beijing 100049 P. R. China. Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor Center for High-Entropy Energy and Systems Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 101400 P. R. China. Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo 315201 P. R. China. Ningbo New Materials Testing and Evaluation Center Co. Ltd Ningbo 315201 P. R. China. School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100124 P. R. China. Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallic Materials of Jiangsu Province School of Materials Science and Engineering Southeast University Nanjing 211189 P. R. China. Qianwan Institute of CNITECH Ningbo 315201 P. R. China. Key Laboratory of Materials and Surface Technology (Ministry of Education) Sichuan Energy Equipment Intelligent Engineering Research Center School of Materials Science and Engineering Xihua University Chengdu 610039 P. R. China. ljyu@***. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 19 A Yuquan Rd Shijingshan District Beijing 100049 P. R. China. zhulaipan@***. Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor Center for High-Entropy Energy and Systems Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 101400 P. R. China. zhulaipan@***. Department of Physics and Engineering Physics Tulane University New Orleans LA 70118 USA. Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Data-Driven High-Safety Energy Materials and Applications Ningbo Key Laboratory of Special Energy Materials and Chemistry Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sc

Two-dimensional transition metal carbides and/or nitrides (MXenes), especially their few-layered nanosheets, have triggered burgeoning research attentions owing to their superiorities including extraordinary electrical conductivity, accessible active surface, and adjustable processability. Molten salts etching route further achieves their controllable surface chemistry. However, the method encounters challenges in achieving few-layered structures due to more complex delamination behaviors. Herein, we present an efficient strategy to fabricate Cl- or Br-terminated MXene nanoflakes with few-layers, achieved by electrochemical intercalation of Li ions and concomitant solvent molecules from the electrolyte solution, with gaseous propylene molecules to disrupt interlayer forces. By controlling cut-off voltages, the optimal protocol results in nanosheets with a recovery rate of ~93% and preserved surface chemistry. The resultant MXenes dispersions were employed as lubricants to enhance tribovoltaic nanogenerators, where TiCBr displayed superior electrical output. These findings facilitate the understanding of MXenes' intrinsic physical properties and enable the nanoengineering of advanced electronic devices.

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Low-Cost Fully Non-fused Ring Acceptor Enables Efficient Organic Photovoltaic Modules for Multi-Scene Applications

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Angewandte Chemie 2023年第50期135卷

作者： Jianqiu Wang Yafei Wang Jiayao Li Yue Yu Pengqing Bi Jiawei Qiao Zhihao Chen Chaoyi Wang Wenxuan Wang Jiangbo Dai Xiaotao Hao Shaoqing Zhang Jianhui Hou State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China Contribution: Data curation (lead) Project administration (supporting) Software (lead) Writing - original draft (lead) University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China Contribution: Data curation (equal) Contribution: Data curation (equal) Formal analysis (equal) School of Physics State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials Shandong University Jinan Shandong 250100 China Contribution: Investigation (supporting) School of Chemistry and Biology Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China Contribution: Data curation (supporting) Contribution: Data curation (supporting) Investigation (supporting)

Organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells, with highly tunable light-response ranges, offer significant potential for use in driving low-power consumption off-grid electronics in multi-scenarios. However, development of photoactive layer materials that can meet simultaneously the requirements of diverse irradiation conditions is a still challenging task. Herein, a low-cost fully non-fused acceptor (denoted as GS60) featuring well-matched absorption spectra with solar, scattered light and artificial light radiation was designed and synthesized. Systematic characterizations revealed that GS60 possessed outstanding photoelectron properties and ideal morphology, which resulted in reduced voltage loss and suppressed charge recombination. By blending with a non-fused ring polymer PTVT−T, the as-obtained GS60 based OPV cells achieved a good power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 14.1 %, a high value for the cells based on non-fused ring bulk heterojunction. Besides, manufactured large-area OPV modules based on PTVT−T:GS60 yielded PCEs of 11.2 %, 11.8 %, 12.1 %, 23.1 %, and 20.3 % under irradiation of AM 1.5G, natural light of cloudy weather, natural light in shadow, laser and indoor, respectively. The PTVT−T:GS60 devices exhibited considerable potential in terms of improving photostability and reducing material cost. Overall, this work provides novel insight into the molecular design of low-cost non-fused ring acceptors, and extended potential of medium band gap acceptors based OPV cells used in various application scenarios.

关键词： Low Light Module Multi-Scene Non-Fused Ring Acceptor Organic Photovoltaic Cells

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Erratum to: Helicity amplitude analysis of χcJ → ϕϕ

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Journal of High Energy Physics 2024年第12期2024卷 1-5页

作者： Ablikim, M. Achasov, M. N. Adlarson, P. Albrecht, M. Aliberti, R. Amoroso, A. An, M. R. An, Q. Bai, X. H. Bai, Y. Bakina, O. Baldini Ferroli, R. Balossino, I. Ban, Y. Batozskaya, V. Becker, D. Begzsuren, K. Berger, N. Bertani, M. Bettoni, D. Bianchi, F. Bloms, J. Bortone, A. Boyko, I. Briere, R. A. Brueggemann, A. Cai, H. Cai, X. Calcaterra, A. Cao, G. F. Cao, N. Cetin, S. A. Chang, J. F. Chang, W. L. Chelkov, G. Chen, C. Chen, Chao Chen, G. Chen, H. S. Chen, M. L. Chen, S. J. Chen, S. M. Chen, T. Chen, X. R. Chen, X. T. Chen, Y. B. Chen, Z. J. Cheng, W. S. Choi, S. K. Chu, X. Cibinetto, G. Cossio, F. Cui, J. J. Dai, H. L. Dai, J. P. Dbeyssi, A. de Boer, R. E. Dedovich, D. Deng, Z. Y. Denig, A. Denysenko, I. Destefanis, M. De Mori, F. Ding, Y. Dong, J. Dong, L. Y. Dong, M. Y. Dong, X. Du, S. X. Egorov, P. Fan, Y. L. Fang, J. Fang, S. S. Fang, W. X. Fang, Y. Farinelli, R. Fava, L. Feldbauer, F. Felici, G. Feng, C. Q. Feng, J. H. Fischer, K Fritsch, M. Fritzsch, C. Fu, C. D. Gao, H. Gao, Y. N. Gao, Yang Garbolino, S. Garzia, I. Ge, P. T. Ge, Z. W. Geng, C. Gersabeck, E. M. Gilman, A Goetzen, K. Gong, L. Gong, W. X. Gradl, W. Greco, M. Gu, L. M. Gu, M. H. Gu, Y. T. Guan, C. Y Guo, A. Q. Guo, L. B. Guo, R. P. Guo, Y. P. Guskov, A. Han, T. T. Han, W. Y. Hao, X. Q. Harris, F. A. He, K. K. He, K. L. Heinsius, F. H. Heinz, C. H. Heng, Y. K. Herold, C. Himmelreich, M. Hou, G. Y. Hou, Y. R. Hou, Z. L. Hu, H. M. Hu, J. F. Hu, T. Hu, Y. Huang, G. S. Huang, K. X. Huang, L. Q. Huang, X. T. Huang, Y. P. Huang, Z. Hussain, T. Hüsken, N Imoehl, W. Irshad, M. Jackson, J. Jaeger, S. Janchiv, S. Jang, E. Jeong, J. H. Ji, Q. Ji, Q. P. Ji, X. B. Ji, X. L. Ji, Y. Y. Jia, Z. K. Jiang, H. B. Jiang, S. S. Jiang, X. S. Jiang, Y. Jiao, J. B. Jiao, Z. Jin, S. Jin, Y. Jing, M. Q. Johansson, T. Kalantar-Nayestanaki, N. Kang, X. S. Kappert, R. Kavatsyuk, M. Ke, B. C. Keshk, I. K. Khoukaz, A. Kiuchi, R. Kliemt, R. Koch, L. Kolcu, O. B. Kopf, B. Kuemmel, M. Kuessner, M. Kupsc, A. Kühn, W. Lane, J. J. Lange, J. S. Larin, P. Lavania, A. Lavezzi, L. Institute of High Energy Physics Beijing People’s Republic of China G.I. Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS (BINP) Novosibirsk Russia Novosibirsk State University Novosibirsk Russia Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden Bochum Ruhr-University Bochum Germany Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz Mainz Germany University of Turin Turin Italy INFN Turin Italy Liaoning Normal University Dalian People’s Republic of China University of Science and Technology of China Hefei People’s Republic of China State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics Beijing People’s Republic of China University of Jinan Jinan People’s Republic of China Southeast University Nanjing People’s Republic of China Joint Institute for Nuclear Research Dubna Russia INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati Frascati Italy INFN Sezione di Ferrara Ferrara Italy Peking University Beijing People’s Republic of China State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology Peking University Beijing People’s Republic of China National Centre for Nuclear Research Warsaw Poland Institute of Physics and Technology Ulaanbaatar Mongolia University of Muenster Muenster Germany Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh U.S.A. Wuhan University Wuhan People’s Republic of China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing People’s Republic of China Turkish Accelerator Center Particle Factory Group Istinye University Istanbul Turkey Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology Moscow Russia Nankai University Tianjin People’s Republic of China Soochow University Suzhou People’s Republic of China Nanjing University Nanjing People’s Republic of China Tsinghua University Beijing People’s Republic of China Institute of Modern Physics Lanzhou People’s Republic of China Hunan University Changsha People’s Republic of China School of Physics and Electronics Hunan University Changsha China Shandong University Jinan People’s Republic of China Yunnan University Kunming People’s Republic of China H

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Dietary β-hydroxybutyrate sodium alters rumen microbiome and nutrient metabolism in the rumen epithelium of young goats

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年

作者： Yimin Zhuang Guanglei Liu Chuyun Jiang Mahmoud M ABDELSATTAR Yuze Fu Ying Li Naifeng Zhang Jianmin Chai Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding School of Animal Science and Technology Foshan University Foshan 528000 China Key laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Institute of Feed Research Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100081 China State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition College of Animal Science and Technology China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 China Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR 999077 China. Department of Animal and Poultry Production Faculty of Agriculture South Valley University Qena 83523 Egypt Department of Animal Science Division of Agriculture University of Arkansas Fayetteville AR 72701 USA

The role of β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA) includes providing energy, regulating signaling pathways, and ameliorating the gut microbiota in the host, while its nutrient mechanism to improve rumen epithelium development in young ruminants is still unclear. In this study, a total of 12 female Haimen goats with 30 days of age were chosen and divided into two groups. One group was fed with basic diet (CON), and the other group was fed a basal diet supplemented with 6 g d -1 dietary β-hydroxybutyrate sodium (BHBA-Na). The experimental period was 30 days, and all goats were slaughtered at 60 days of age. The joint analysis of multi-omics, including rumen microbiota, rumen epithelial transcriptome and rumen epithelial metabolomics in young goat model, was performed to systematically investigate the effect of dietary BHBA-Na on rumen development in young goats. As the results, we found that dietary BHBA-Na improved the growth performance of young goat including body weight, average daily gain (ADG) and dry matter intake (DMI) ( P <0.05). Dietary BHBA-Na also increased the weight of rumen, and promoted the growth of rumen epithelium development ( P < 0.05). The abundance of several beneficial bacteria was increased ( Fibrobacter , Succinivibrio , Clostridiales , etc.,). The rumen epithelium transcriptome and metabolomics indicated that BHBA-Na supplementation showed a remarkable effect on the nutrient metabolism of the rumen epithelium. Specifically, the pathways of “fatty acid metabolism”, “cholesterol homeostasis”, “reactive oxygen species (ROS) pathway” and “peroxisome” were activated in response to BHBA-Na addition ( P < 0.05). Moreover, the genes ( HMGCS2 , ECSH1 , ACAA2 , ECH1 , ACADS etc.) and metabolites (succinic acid, alpha-ketoisovaleric acid, etc.) involved in these pathways were also regulated positively ( P < 0.05). The rumen epithelium obtained the energy for its development from the process of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) decomposition. Finally, we observed the

关键词： goats β-hydroxybutyrate acid rumen microbiota rumen transcriptome rumen epithelial metabolomic rumen epithelium development

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