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Dosage- and site-dependent retention of black carbon and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in farmland soils via long-term biochar addition

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Carbon Research 2024年第1期3卷 1-14页

作者： Zhang, Jun Wang, Yinghui Shi, Yameng Yang, Biwei Zhang, Aiping Du, Zhangliu Zhong, Guangcai Luo, Chunling Zhang, Gan Wang, Junjian Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control School of Environmental Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Guangdong Shenzhen518055 China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control School of Environmental Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Guangdong Shenzhen518055 China Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing100081 China College of Resources and Environmental Sciences China Agricultural University Beijing100193 China State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou510640 China

Biochar, a soil conditioner containing significant amounts of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), has gained widespread popularity in agricultural practices due to its advantages in improving soil fertility and carbon sequestration. While biochar may increase soil black carbon (BC) and PAH contents, the quantitative accumulation of BC and PAHs in different soil environments under varying biochar addition dosages remains poorly understood. Here, we investigated the content and composition of black carbon (evaluated using benzene polycarboxylic acids, BPCAs) and PAHs in soils treated with different biochar addition dosages from two long-term experimental farmlands in Ningxia (5-year) and Shandong (7- and 11-year), China. Results showed that increasing cumulative biochar dosage caused elevated contents of black carbon and PAHs, accompanied by decreases in their retention efficiencies. Contrasting retention was observed between sites, with the Shandong site characterized by higher retention efficiencies of BPCAs and lower retention efficiencies of PAHs, possibly owing to its higher temperature, more sandy soil texture, less irrigation, and lower sunlight intensity. Despite both black carbon and PAHs originating from biochar and sharing similar condensed aromatic structures, there was no significant correlation between the contents of black carbon and PAHs, indicating distinct behaviors and fates of these compounds. These findings emphasize the importance of optimizing biochar addition dosages and considering site-specific environmental factors for effective soil black carbon sequestration through biochar application. Graphical Abstract: (Figure presented.) © The Author(s) 2024.

关键词： Aromatization

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Simplifying intensity variance analysis for optical coherence tomography-based angiography 12

Simplifying intensity variance analysis for optical coherenc...

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Optics in Health Care and Biomedical Optics XII 2022

作者： Yang, Chaojiang Zhu, Jiang Fan, Fan Ma, Zongqing Zhang, Fan Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Optoelectronic Measurement Technology and Instrument Beijing Information Science and Technology University Beijing100192 China Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Testing Technology and Instruments Beijing Information Science and Technology University Beijing100192 China

ISBN: (纸本)9781510657069

Optical coherence tomography-based angiography (OCTA) is a high-resolution imaging technology for mapping microvascular networks in vivo. Intensity variance OCTA methods have been developed for blood flow analysis. However, the complex statistical calculations of intensity variances result in high computational costs. In this study, we developed statistical algorithms for simplifying estimates of the intensity variances, including the range, the mean error, and the maximum error algorithms. A rat cerebral cortex was imaged by the simplified algorithms and the conventional algorithm. The number of repeated samplings was compared for the intensity variance analysis. Then the image quality and the calculation time were assessed. The results show that the simplified algorithms can shorten the calculation time and generate microvascular networks with similar image quality compared to the conventional intensity variance OCTA algorithm. © 2022 SPIE.

关键词： Angiography

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Near-infrared spectroscopy method for rapid proximate quantitative analysis of nutrient composition in Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2023年第1期41卷 342-351页

作者： Zhe LI Haigang QI Ying YU Cong LIU Rihao CONG Li LI Guofan ZHANG CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology Center for Ocean Mega-ScienceInstitute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao)Qingdao 266237China Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao)Qingdao 266237China Public Technical Service Center Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China National&Local Joint Engineering Key Laboratory of Ecological Mariculture Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Glycogen,amino acids,fatty acids,and other nutrient components affect the flavor and nutritional quality of *** based on near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy(NIRS)were developed to rapidly and proximately determine the nutrient content of the Pacific oyster *** of *** from 19 costal sites were freeze-dried,ground,and scanned for spectral data collection using a Fourier transform NIR spectrometer(Thermo Fisher Scientific).NIRS models of glycogen and other nutrients were established using partial least squares,multiplication scattering correction first-order derivation,and Norris *** R_(C) values of the glycogen,fatty acids,amino acids,and taurine NIRS models were 0.9678,0.9312,0.9132,and 0.8928,respectively,and the residual prediction deviation(RPD)values of these components were 3.15,2.16,3.11,and 1.59,respectively,indicating a high correlation between the predicted and observed values,and that the models can be used in *** models were used to evaluate the nutrient compositions of 1278 oyster *** content was found to be positively correlated with fatty acids and negatively correlated with amino *** glycogen,amino acid,and taurine levels of *** cultured in the subtidal and intertidal zones were also significantly *** study suggests that *** NIRS models can be a cost-effective alternative to traditional methods for the rapid and proximate analysis of various slaughter traits and may also contribute to future genetic and breeding-related studies in Pacific oysters.

关键词： Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy(NIRS) nutrient composition rapid determination

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The Data Processing of the LAMOST Medium-resolution Spectral Survey of Galactic Nebulae(LAMOST MRS-N Pipeline)

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2022年第7期22卷 224-234页

作者： Chao-Jian Wu Hong Wu Wei Zhang Yao Li Juan-Juan Ren Jian-Jun Chen Chih-Hao Hsia Yu-Zhong Wu Hui Zhu Bin Li Yong-Hui Hou CAS Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy National Astronomical ObservatoriesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China School of Astronomy and Space Science University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China CAS Key Laboratory of Space Astronomy and Technology National Astronomical ObservatoriesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China State Key Laboratory of Lunar and Planetary Sciences Macao University of Science and TechnologyTaipaMacaoChina Purple Mountain Observatory Chinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026China 8 Nanjing Institute of Astronomical Optics&Technology National Astronomical ObservatoriesChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210042China

The Large sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope(LAMOST) medium-resolution spectral survey of Galactic Nebulae(MRS-N) has conducted for more than three years since 2018 September and observed more than190 thousand nebular spectra and 20 thousand stellar ***,there is not yet a data processing pipeline for nebular *** significantly improve the accuracy of nebulae classification and their physical parameters,we developed the MRS-N *** article presented in detail each data processing step of the MRS-N Pipeline,such as removing cosmic rays,merging single exposure,fitting sky light emission lines,wavelength recalibration,subtracting skylight,measuring nebular parameters,creating catalogs and packing ***,a description of the data products,including nebular spectra files and parameter catalogs,is provided.

关键词： surveys catalogs methods:data analysis ISM:general

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High-throughput detection and characterization of red blood cells deformability based on optical tweezers and microfluidic technique 12

High-throughput detection and characterization of red blood ...

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Optics in Health Care and Biomedical Optics XII 2022

作者： Meng, Xiaochen Cui, Jiaqi He, Lulu Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Optoelectronic Measurement Technology and Instrument Beijing Information Science & Technology University Beijing100192 China Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Testing Technology and Instruments Beijing Information Science & Technology University Beijing100192 China

ISBN: (纸本)9781510657069

The deformability of red blood cells is the main factor affecting blood flow and viscosity, and the study of red blood cells (RBCs) deformability is an important subject of hemorheology. At present, most of the measurement methods for red blood cell deformability are achieved by physical contact with cells or static measurement, and non-destructive high-throughput detection methods still need to be studied. A high throughput measurement method of human red blood cells deformability combined with optical tweezers technology and the microfluidic chip was proposed to accurately characterize the deformability of RBCs statistically. Firstly, the effective stretching deformation of RBCs was realized by the interaction of photo-trapping force and fluid viscous resistance. Secondly, the characteristic parameters before and after the deformation of the single cell were extracted through the image processing method to obtain the deformation index of area and circumference. Finally, statistical analysis was performed, and the average deformation index parameters were used to characterize the deformability of RBCs. A high-throughput detection system was built, and the optimal experimental conditions were obtained through a large number of experiments. Several groups of samples with different deformability were used for statistical verification. The results show that high-throughput detection and characterization methods can effectively distinguish different deformed RBCs statistically, which provides a solution for high-throughput deformation analysis of other types of samples. © 2022 SPIE.

关键词： Microfluidic chips

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Dolphin Vocal Sound Generation via Deep WaveGAN

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Journal of Electronic science and technology 2022年第3期20卷 282-293页

作者： Lue Zhang Hai-Ning Huang Li Yin Bao-Qi Li Di Wu Hao-Ran Liu Xi-Feng Li Yong-Le Xie the Institute of Acoustics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049China the Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Underwater Acoustic Signal Processing Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China the School of Automation Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu611731SichuanChina

The marine biological sonar system evolved in the struggle of nature is far superior to the current artificial sonar. Therefore, the development of bionic underwater concealed detection is of great strategic significance to the military and economy. In this paper, a generative adversarial network(GAN) is trained based on the dolphin vocal sound dataset we constructed, which can achieve unsupervised generation of dolphin vocal sounds with global consistency. Through the analysis of the generated audio samples and the real audio samples in the time domain and the frequency domain, it can be proven that the generated audio samples are close to the real audio samples,which meets the requirements of bionic underwater concealed detection.

关键词： Bionic underwater concealed detection dolphin generative adversarial network(GAN) wave generative adversarial network(WaveGAN)

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Thermophysical properties of the regolith on the lunar far side revealed by the in situ temperature probing of the Chang'E-4 mission

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国家科学评论（英文版） 2022年第11期9卷 116-124页

作者： Xiao Xiao Shuoran Yu Jun Huang He Zhang Youwei Zhang Long Xiao State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources School of Earth SciencesPlanetary Science InstituteChina University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074China State Key Laboratory of Lunar and Planetary Sciences Macau University of Science and TechnologyMacau 999078China China Academy of Space Technology Beijing 100094China

Temperature probes onboard the Chang'E-4(CE-4)spacecraft provide the first in situ regolith temperature measurements from the far side of the *** present these temperature measurements with a customized thermal model and reveal the particle size of the lunar regolith at the CE-4 landing site to be～15 um on average over depth,which indicates an immature regolith below the *** addition,the conductive component of thermal conductivity is measured as～1.53×10-3 W m-1 K-1 on the surface and～8.48×10-3 W m-1 K-1 at a depth of 1 *** average bulk density is～471 kg m-3 on the surface and～824 kg m-3 in the upper 30 cm of the lunar *** thermophysical properties provide important additional'ground truth'at the lunar far side,which is critical for the future analysis and interpretation of global temperature observations.

关键词： Chang'E-4 lunar far side regolith temperature thermal conductivity

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Topology optimization of turbine disk considering maximum stress prediction and constraints

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2023年第8期36卷 182-206页

作者： Cheng YAN Ce LIU Han DU Cunfu WANG Zeyong YIN School of Aerospace Engineering Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361102China National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Helicopter Transmission AECC Hunan Aviation Powerplant Research InstituteZhuzhou 412002China Aero Engine Academy of China Beijing 101304China

For the stress-constrained topology optimization of a turbine disk under centrifugal loads,the jagged boundaries of the mesh and the gray densities on the solid/void interfaces could make the calculated stress field inconsistent with the actual *** may result in overestimating the maximum stress and thus affect the effectiveness of stress *** paper proposes a new method for predicting the maximum stress to overcome the *** the process,a predicted density is newly defined to obtain stable boundaries with thin layers of gray elements,a transition factor is innovatively proposed to evaluate the effects of intermediate-density elements,two different stiffness penalty schemes are flexibly used to calculate the elastic modulus of elements,and a linear stress penalty is further adopted to relax the stress field of the *** proposed approach for predicting the maximum stress value is verified by the analysis of a structure with smooth boundaries and the topology optimization of a turbine *** updating scheme of the stress constraint in the topology optimization is also developed using the predicted maximum *** key ingredients affecting the optimization results are discussed in *** results prove the effectiveness and efficacy of the proposed maximum stress prediction and developed stress constraint methods.

关键词： Centrifugal loads Maximum stress prediction Stress constraints Topology optimization Turbinedisk

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Impact of mica on geotechnical behavior of weathered granitic soil using macro and micro investigations

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第6期16卷 2250-2266页

作者： Xianwei Zhang Xinyu Liu Haodong Gao Gang Wang Ran An Zhu Liang State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering Institute of Rock and Soil MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan430071China School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430074China College of Urban Construction Wuhan University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430065China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049China Guangzhou Urban Planning&Design Survey Research Institute Guangzhou510000China Guangdong Enterprise Key Laboratory for Urban Sensing Monitoring and Early WarningGuangzhou510000China

The micaceous weathered granitic soil(WGS)is frequently encountered in civil engineering worldwide,unfortunately little information is available regarding how mica affects the physico-mechanical behaviors of *** study prepares reconstituted WGS with different mica contents by removing natural mica in theWGS,and then mixes it with commercial mica *** geotechnical behavior as well as the microstructures of the mixtures are *** addition of mica enables the physical indices of WGS to be specific combinations of coarser gradation and high permeability but high Atterberg ***,high mica content in WGS was found to be associated with undesirable mechanical properties,including increased compressibility,disintegration,and swelling potential,as well as poor compactability and low effective frictional *** analysis indicates that the influence of mica on the responses of mixtures originates from the intrinsic nature of mica as well as the particle packing being formed *** exists in the mixture as stacks of plates that form a spongy structure with high compressibility and swelling *** among the plates give the soil high water retention and high Atterberg *** pores are also generated by soil particles with bridging packing,which enhances the permeability and water-soil interactions upon *** study provides a microlevel understanding of how mica dominates the behavior of WGS and provides new insights into the effective stabilization and improvement of micaceous soils.

关键词： Weathered granitic soil(WGS) Mica Microstructure Physical properties Mechanical properties Mechanism

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A compact air-coupled SFCW ground penetrating radar and its application in the earthen sites 20

A compact air-coupled SFCW ground penetrating radar and its ...

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20th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar, GPR, 2024

作者： Ye, Shengbo Li, Xu Li, Xinhui Liu, Xiaojun Fang, Guangyou Jiang, Hejun Lyu, Rongqi Aerospace Information Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation and Sensing Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China School of Electronic Electrical and Communication Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China Science and Technology on Near-surface Detection Laboratory Wuxi214035 China

As a non-destructive testing technology, ground-penetrating radar (GPR) has been widely used in archaeological investigations of the earthen sites. Traditionally, a GPR antenna is ground-couple. It is attached to the measured object and thus may cause damage to the earthen sites. This paper develops a lightweight and compact air-coupled stepped frequency continuous waveform (SFCW) GPR system with frequency range from 1GHz up to 6GHz. We suppress the nonlinear variables of the radar system by calibration. And we perform tests on different weathering samples from the earthen sites. Our system is verified that can discriminate layered structures in samples and the results of tests are consistent with the simulations of the gprMax model. In general, this radar system can assess the weathering degree and provide technical support for the preservation of the earthen sites. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

关键词： Antenna grounds

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