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High-sensitivity nonuniform fiber grating ultrasonic sensor for guided wave detection

sensorS AND ACTUATORS A-PHYSICAL 2025年 387卷

作者： Lu, Shanshan Li, Cheng Liang, Tiantian Zhong, Chao Beihang Univ Sch Instrumentat & Optoelect Engn Beijing 100191 Peoples R China Beijing Informat Sci & Technol Univ Beijing Key Lab Sensor Beijing 100192 Peoples R China

Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) ultrasonic sensors are currently preferred for guided wave (GW) capture in structural health monitoring (SHM) due to their advantages in multiplexing capability and robustness. However, the application of FBG sensors is limited by low sensitivity. This paper proposes a simple and novel approach for high-sensitivity ultrasonic detection. The traditional FBG integrated within polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is divided into two-segment nonuniform fiber Bragg gratings (TNFBG) through stress loading and breakpoints fabrications. The elastic properties of PDMS under pressure result in non-uniform strain in fiber gratings, inducing a variable grating chirp rate. This leads to significant reflection spectral distortion and enhanced light intensity variation at specific wavelengths. Ultrasonic experiments demonstrate superior ultrasound sensitivity of the TNFBG, with response amplitudes exceeding those of a conventional FBG sensor by over 20 dB in the range of 20-200 kHz. Directivity tests further reveal a low amplitude disparity of less than 5.7 dB in the test range of 0 degrees 180 degrees, 9.5 dB lower than FBG counterparts, indicating its enhanced sensitivity to radial GW signals. Furthermore, a delay-and-sum based baseline-free algorithm is employed to enable the TNFBG for detection of delamination defect in a carbon fiber reinforced plastics plate, highlighting its potential effectiveness in GW-based SHM.

关键词： FBG Chirped fiber grating Ultrasonic guided wave Non-destructive testing

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Advances in adhesion of microneedles for bioengineering

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JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY B 2025年第8期13卷 2592-2610页

作者： Gu, Zhen Song, Kaiyu An, Heng Sun, Dadi Ma, Yinglei Wang, Hanyu Chen, Yanxia Gu, Qi Wen, Yongqiang Univ Sci & Technol Beijing Daxing Res Inst Sch Chem & Biol Engn Beijing Key Lab Bioengn & Sensing Technol Beijing 100083 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Inst Zool State Key Lab Membrane Biol State Key Lab Stem Cell & Reprod Biol Beijing 100101 Peoples R China Beijing Informat Sci & Technol Univ Beijing Key Lab Sensor Beijing 100101 Peoples R China

Microneedles have provided promising platforms in various fields thanks to their safety, painlessness, minimal invasiveness and ease of operation. The excellent adhesion of microneedles is the key characteristic to achieve long-term and comfortable treatment. However, a complex environment, such as the roughness of skin, various bodily fluids in vivo, and the movement of the body, presents great challenges to the adhesion characteristics of microneedles. This review mainly reports the remarkable adhesion properties of microneedles based on interlocking by shape effects, chemical bonds, and suction forces. Firstly, the main mechanisms of adhesion and various types of microneedles are introduced, with an emphasis on the progress in adhesive microneedles. Combined with the preparation and application of microneedles, the challenges and future trends of adhesive microneedles are discussed.

关键词： Adhesion

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Triboelectric-electromagnetic nanogenerator coupled type-II heterojunction enhancing photoelectrocatalysis for wastewater degradation

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NANO ENERGY 2025年 134卷

作者： An, Pan Lv, Yujia Xiu, Hao Chen, Jingyi Ren, Panxing Bai, Yuan Tao, Chuanchao Ao, Chang Yang, Chunhao Wu, Jiaxing Luo, Dan Wang, Yajun China Univ Petr State Key Lab Heavy Oil Proc Beijing 102249 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Beijing Inst Nanoenergy & Nanosyst CAS Ctr Excellence Nanosci Beijing Key Lab Micronano Energy & Sensor Beijing 101400 Peoples R China

Photoelectrocatalysis, an advanced oxidation method that combines photocatalysis and electrochemistry, typically requires substantial external energy. This study introduces a hybrid approach that combines efficient semiconductor light-harvesting with the superior energy collection and conversion capabilities of a self-powered system. We enhanced visible light absorption in a Cu2O/Bi2MoO6 photoanode using a type-II heterojunction structure. A triboelectric-electromagnetic nanogenerator (TENG-EMG) acts as a self-powered energy source, promoting electron and hole separation during the photoelectrocatalytic process. The empirical results show that under light irradiation, electrons move from Cu2O to Bi2MoO6, whereas holes move in opposite directions. As the TENG-EMG rotational speed increased from 100 to 400 r/min, the tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) degradation rate of the TENG-EMG-Cu2O/Bi2MoO6 system increased from 49.2 % to 92.4 %. The use of the TENG-EMGs significantly enhanced the efficacy of organic wastewater treatment. This paper presents a new, eco-friendly, and cost-effective method for wastewater treatment that combines self-powered advanced oxidation technology with a TENG-EMG and a heterojunction photoanode.

关键词： Triboelectric-electromagnetic nanogenerator Cu 2 O/Bi 2 MoO 6 photoanode Type-II heterojunction Self-powered photoelectrocatalysis Wastewater degradation

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Compound Motion-Mode Tribovoltaic Nanogenerator for Self-Powered Monitoring of Gear Transmission System

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ADVANCED MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES 2025年第9期10卷

作者： Wang, Song Gong, Likun Jiang, Yuhang Gao, Shuai Wang, Tianyang Zhang, Chi Han, Qinkai Tsinghua Univ Dept Mech Engn State Key Lab Tribol Beijing 100084 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Beijing Inst Nanoenergy & Nanosyst Beijing Key Lab Micronano Energy & Sensor Beijing 101400 Peoples R China Chongqing Univ Coll Mech Engn State Key Lab Mech Transmiss Chongqing 400044 Peoples R China

Tribovoltaic nanogenerators (TVNGs) are an advanced technology that can convert friction energy into electrical energy via semiconductor tribovoltaic effect, which offers the advantages of high charge density and direct current (DC) output. However, characteristic components of TVNG outputs are relatively few, which is not conducive to monitoring the periodic motions. This study proposes a compound motion-mode tribovoltaic nanogenerator (CM-TVNG) for monitoring the gear transmission system using gears' unique meshing transmission form. The CM-TVNG uses the approach-slide-separation composite motion of silicon wafers attached to both sides of the tooth slots and the tooth top of the mating gear to generate a DC signal with discernible periodic characteristics. The working principle of CM-TVNG is verified by theoretical analysis and COMSOL dynamic simulation. The main working parameters verify CM-TVNG output characteristics and applicability under various conditions. Subsequently, CM-TVNG's ability to detect gear's state is verified. Using a deep learning (DL) model, gear faults are diagnosed with a diagnostic accuracy of up to 95.5%. The feasibility of CM-TVNG is demonstrated by application in an industrial-grade parallel-gear transmission system. In particular, speed monitoring capability under variable speeds is verified, demonstrating that it can be applied to monitor the stability of gear transmission systems.

关键词： condition monitoring gear transmission system self-powered tribovoltaic nanogenerator

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Design of a Bio-Inspired Stiffness Controllable Continuum Robot for Object Grasping and Moving

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IEEE ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION LETTERS 2025年第3期10卷 2982-2989页

作者： Zhang, Jun Chen, Haoyun Li, Yun Chu, Xiaoyu Zhou, Xiaodong Song, Aiguo Southeast Univ Sch Instrument Sci & Engn State Key Lab Digital Med Engn Jiangsu Key Lab Robot Sensor & Control Nanjing 210096 Peoples R China Beijing Inst Control Engn Beijing 100190 Peoples R China

Continuum robots (CRs) possess better compliance than rigid manipulators. However, existing CRs suffer from difficulties in manipulating objects for the conflicting needs of high stiffness and flexibility. This letter proposes an elephant trunk-inspired CR for grasping and moving objects. The CR features a deformation mechanism based on coupling rigid discs and flexible elastic rods and a stiffness modulation mechanism (SMM) with a force amplification function. The SMM decouples the CR's stiffness adjustment from bending motion, achieving flexible control capabilities. The SMM uses a stiffness coding strategy (SCS) to adjust stiffness according to task requirements to improve grasp performance while maintaining flexibility. We established the robot's kinematics, friction, and coiling models, designed a control method to coil around and move objects, and simulated the robot's end position-pose space and object size-pose space. We designed a robot prototype and conducted various experiments. Results showed that the robot achieved free movement in randomly generated configurations, coiled around and moved various objects with a path deviation of less than 8.5%, increased stiffness to 206%, and increased grasp force by 31%, demonstrating its potential in real applications.

关键词： Continuum robot (CR) stiffness control object coiling bio-inspired robot rigid-flexible coupling Continuum robot (CR) stiffness control object coiling bio-inspired robot rigid-flexible coupling

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Interface modification of hole transport layers in tin-based halide perovskite solar cells

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PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS 2025年第14期27卷 7215-7224页

作者： Zhang, Xin Chen, Xinyao Li, Zhenjun Cheng, Jin Zhang, Chunqian Li, Junming Beijing Informat Sci & Technol Univ Key Lab Modern Measurement & Control Technol Minist Educ Beijing 100192 Peoples R China Beijing Informat Sci & Technol Univ Sch Sci Beijing Key Lab Sensor Beijing 100101 Peoples R China Beijing Informat Sci & Technol Univ Key Lab Minist Educ Optoelect Measurement Technol & Instru Beijing 100192 Peoples R China Natl Ctr Nanosci & Technol CAS Key Lab Standardizat & Measurement Nanotechnol CAS Key Lab Nanophoton Mat & Devices Preparatory Beijing 100190 Peoples R China

PEDOT:PSS is one of the most widely used hole transport materials in tin-based perovskite solar cells. However, the acid residues in PEDOT:PSS cause chemical/physical reactions with the ITO electrode. In this study, we utilized [2-(3,6-dimethoxy-9H-carbazol-9-yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid (MeO-2PACz) and [4-(3,6-dimethyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)butyl] phosphonic acid (Me-4PACz) as buffer layers between PEDOT:PSS and ITO. The charge carrier transport ability of the SAM/PEDOT:PSS layer was significantly improved compared to that of the pure PEDOT:PSS layer. With SAM/PEDOT:PSS as the bottom layer, the tin-based perovskite films showed an improved morphology, suppressed Sn2+/Sn4+ oxidation, and a prolonged carrier lifetime;meanwhile, the perovskite film showed a reduced defect density, especially deep-level defect densities. Consequently, the champion tin-based devices achieved an increase in PCE from 5.7% (control device) to 7.3% (Me-4PACz/PEDOT:PSS device), while also retaining 80% of the initial PCE after 750 hours of storage in a N2 environment.

关键词： Perovskite

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Comparative study on defect passivation of tin-based perovskite solar cells modified by phenylethylammonium salts (PEAX, X=Cl, I, Br)

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JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY 2025年 346卷

作者： Liu, Yu Chen, Xinyao Guo, Jun Deng, Longtao Li, Zhenjun Zhang, Chunqian Cheng, Jin Li, Junming Beijing Informat Sci & Technol Univ Key Lab Modern Measurement & Control Technol Minist Educ Beijing 100192 Peoples R China Beijing Informat Sci & Technol Univ Sch Sci Beijing Key Lab Sensor Beijing 100101 Peoples R China Beijing Informat Sci & Technol Univ Key Lab Minist Educ Optoelect Measurement Technol & Instru Beijing 100192 Peoples R China Natl Ctr Nanosci & Technol CAS Key Lab Standardizat & Measurement Nanotechnol CAS Key Lab Nanophoton Mat & Devices Preparatory Beijing 100190 Peoples R China

Tin-based perovskite solar cells are a new type of photovoltaic technology. Tin-based perovskite solar cells use tin instead of traditional lead for the sake of environmental friendliness. Currently, the key challenges lie in solving the problems of low filling factor, low short-circuit current density, and low open-circuit voltage, which together lead to the overall performance decline in the cells. In this context, we conducted a detailed comparative analysis of the defect state passivation on the surface and interface of tin-based perovskite using phenethylammonium salts (PEAX, X = Cl, I, Br). The results show that doping PEAX in perovskite can improve the morphology, and hydrophobicity of the thin film. At the same time, the carrier recombination lifetime of the device modified by PEAX increases, and the carrier transport lifetime decreases. This indicates that the passivated device has a lower recombination rate and an increased charge transfer rate after illumination, thus reducing carrier recombination. In addition, the embedded electric field and composite resistance of the devices doped with PEAX are increased, and the density of defect states is decreased, which promotes carrier transfer, inhibits dark-state recombination, thereby improving the filling factor, short-circuit current density and open-circuit voltage of the device, and further improving the power conversion efficiency of the device. It is worth noting that among the three PEAX materials used for passivation, PEACl has the best passivation effect, and the highest efficiency of the device after PEACl passivation is 5.74 %. The study provides useful information on passivation methods for tin-based perovskite solar cells.

关键词： Tin perovskite solar cells Phenethylammonium salts Power conversion efficiency

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Perception sensor Model Fidelity Evaluation for Automated Driving System Scenario-Based Simulation Testing

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AUTOMOTIVE TECHNOLOGY 2025年 1-14页

作者： Zhu, Bing Fan, Tianxin Zhao, Wenbo Li, Changrong Zhang, Peixing Jilin Univ Natl Key Lab Automobile Chassis Integrat & Bion Changchun 130025 Peoples R China China Intelligent & Connected Vehicles Beijing Res Integrated Simulat & Sensor Lab Beijing 102607 Peoples R China

Scenario-based simulation testing has become a mainstream method for performance verification of automated driving systems. However, there is still no unified consensus on how to validate the effectiveness of simulation testing results. In particular, perception sensor models play a central role in mapping simulation scenarios to automated driving systems, and their fidelity evaluation has been receiving increasing attention. This paper proposes a perception sensor model fidelity evaluation method for scenario-based simulation testing of automated driving systems. First, the overall process of fidelity evaluation for perception sensor models in logical scenarios is presented, including the selection of scenarios, evaluation indicators, and the coupling of indicators. Subsequently, multi-layer fidelity evaluation metrics and computational methods are introduced, covering basic layer, sensorium layer, and object layer indices. Next, the analytic hierarchy process and probability distribution methods are used to determine the weights of different fidelity evaluation metrics. The proposed method is validated through LiDAR sensor models constructed using Ray-Tracing technology with different parameters in a front static logical scenario. The fidelity of the four sensor models in this type of scenario is 91.43%, 88.18%, 87.21%, and 81.35%, respectively. The proposed method can be used to verify the process of scenario-based simulation testing for automated driving systems, providing strong support for the validity of automated vehicles.

关键词： Perception sensor model Multi-layer fidelity evaluation Automated driving system Scenario-based simulation testing LiDAR

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A lab-on-paper biosensor using a two-step enzymatic amplification strategy for ultrasensitive detection of active BoNT/A in complex matrices

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sensorS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL 2025年 429卷

作者： Hu, Jingfang Xu, Hua Wu, Jianfeng Shen, Yu Mulchandani, Ashok Gao, Guowei Xie, Jianwei Beijing Informat Sci & Technol Univ Beijing Key Lab Sensor Beijing 100101 Peoples R China Acad Mil Med Sci Lab Toxicant Anal Beijing 100850 Peoples R China Univ Calif Riverside Dept Chem & Environm Engn Riverside CA 92521 USA Beijing Informat Sci & Technol Univ Key Lab Modern Measurement & Control Technol Minist Educ Beijing 100192 Peoples R China

Botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT/A), a lethal bacterial enzyme, is the most toxic biotoxin known to humans. Rapid and effective detection of active BoNT/A is highly significant for food safety and medical diagnosis. Herein, a new low-cost, rapid, portable and easy-to-use paper device was proposed and developed to ultrasensitively determine active BoNT/A. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs)/graphdiyne (GDY) composite materials with high conductivity and good biocompatibility were synthesized on paper-based electrode to improve electrical conductivity and provide a specific recognition interface for SNAP-25 peptide immobilization. A two-step enzymatic amplification strategy was introduced into the sensing interface, which involved the first enzymatic reaction of target-triggered enzymatic cleavage of SNAP-25 peptide and the second enzymatic reaction of alkaline phosphatase (ALP)-induced enzymatic catalysis of silver deposition on AuNPs/GDY, followed by the recognition of BoNT/A via electrochemical stripping analysis of the deposited silver, resulting in an enhanced response and magnified more than 8-fold sensitivity of the biosensor. In addition, a rotary working electrode was designed and integrated into the paper device to avoid cross-contamination on auxiliary electrodes. The proposed lab-on-paper biosensor offers a quantitative detection of active BoNT/A with a linear range of 5 similar to 100 pg/mL and a limit of detection (LOD) of 1 pg/mL (S/N = 3). As a demonstration, the biosensor was successfully applied to detect the active BoNT/A in various complex matrices, including bottled water, milk, and human serum, without any sample preconcentration or purification, showing great potential for the early diagnosis of active BoNT/A in low-cost, sensitive and reliable point-of-care (POC) devices.

关键词： Active BoNT/A Paper device Enzymatic amplification Graphdiyne Electrochemical biosensor Complex matrices

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All-Fiber Photoacoustic Excitation and Detection for Lamb Wave in Structural Health Monitoring

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IEEE sensorS JOURNAL 2025年第4期25卷 6363-6370页

作者： Lu, Shanshan Li, Cheng Liu, Yang Liang, Tiantian Zhong, Chao Beihang Univ Sch Instrumentat & Optoelect Engn Beijing 100191 Peoples R China Beihang Univ Shenzhen Inst Shenzhen 518063 Peoples R China Beijing Informat Sci & Technol Univ Beijing Key Lab Sensor Beijing 100192 Peoples R China

All-fiber photoacoustic (PA) excitation and detection system offers a promising candidate for Lamb wave-based structural health monitoring. However, relatively low sound pressure generated by optical fiber PA transducer poses a significant challenge in the excitation and detection of Lamb waves within structures. This study investigates the limitations imposed by the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of carbon nanoparticles (CNPs)-polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) film, which restricts the maximum sound pressure of optical fiber PA transducers. It was found that the localized high heat contributes significantly to material damage, which can be mitigated by improving the material thermal conductivity. Through optimizing the weight ratio of CNPs, the LIDT of PA transducer was increased to 23.71 mu J/pulse, achieving a sound pressure of 2.71 MPa. Then, a two-segment chirped fiber grating (TSCFG) structure was simulated and fabricated with optimized structural parameter, enabling a high ultrasound sensitivity of 1.843 V/Pa at 80 kHz through grating chirp rate demodulation, representing a 30-fold improvement over conventional uniform fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors. The integration of the high-pressure optical fiber PA transducers with the high-sensitivity TSCFG array successfully facilitated all-fiber excitation and detection of Lamb waves in composite structures, demonstrating the effectiveness of this configuration in locating delamination defects in composite laminate.

关键词： All fiber fiber grating sensor Lamb wave photoacoustic (PA) structural health monitoring

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