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Stability Comparison Between grid-forming and grid-following Based Wind Farms Integrated MMC-HVdc

Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2023年第4期11卷 1341-1355页

作者： Rongcai Pan Dong Liu Shan Liu Jie Yang Longze Kou Guangfu Tang China Electric Power Research Institute Beijing 100192Chinaand he is also with the State Key Laboratory of Advanced Power Transmission Technology and Beijing Key Laboratory of DC Grid Technology&SimulationBeijing 102209China State Key Laboratory of Advanced Power Transmission Technology and Beijing Key Laboratory of DC Grid Technology&Simulation Beijing 102209China

grid-forming(GFM)control based high-voltage dc(HVdc)systems and renewable energy sources(RESs)provide support for enhancing the stability of power ***,the interaction and coordination of frequency support between the GFM-based modular multilevel converter based HVdc(MMC-HVdc)and grid-following(GFL)based RESs or GFM-based RESs have not been fully investigated,which are examined in this ***,the detailed AC-and dc-side impedances of GFM-based MMC-HVdc are *** impedance characteristics of GFL-and GFM-based wind turbines are next ***,the influences of GFL-and GFM-based wind farms(WFs)on the dc-and AC-side stabilities of WF-integrated MMC-HVdc systems are compared and *** results show that the GFM-based wind turbine performs better than the GFL-based wind ***,to support a receiving-end AC system,the corresponding frequency supporting strategies are proposed based on the GFM control for WF-integrated MMC-HVdc *** GFM-based WF outperforms the GFL-based WF in terms of stability and response *** in PSCAD/EMTdc demonstrate the dc-and AC-side stability issues and seamless grid support from the RESs,i.e.,WFs,to the receiving-end AC system.

关键词： Renewable energy source(RES) modular multilevel converter(MMC) wind farm grid-forming(GFM) highvoltage direct current

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Technical and Economic Analysis of Multiple Types of Wind Power Convergence and Transmission Methods in Typical Scenarios of Land and Sea 6

Technical and Economic Analysis of Multiple Types of Wind Po...

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6th International Conference on HVdc, HVdc 2024

作者： Chi, Chengbin Wu, Yanan Zhou, Jing Zhu, Lin Liu, Qi Yan, Jun State Grid Smart Grid Research Institute Co. Ltd State Key Laboratory of Advanced Power Transmission Technology Beijing China State Grid Smart Grid Research Institute Co. Ltd Beijing Key Laboratory of Dc Grid Technology and Simulation Beijing China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350387759

With the global demand for renewable energy sources on the rise, wind power has emerged as a pivotal form of renewable energy, witnessing rapid expansion in its development and utilization worldwide. This article addresses large-scale wind power transmission scenarios both offshore and onshore. Based on the analysis of technical principles and engineering cost estimation data, it has designed 12 corresponding technical schemes for six advanced wind power collection and transmission methods from both technical and economic dimensions. A scenario with a transmission capacity of 1000MW was selected to conduct a comparative analysis of various types of power transmission technology schemes. The article provides a detailed exposition of the transmission capacity, reactive power compensation requirements, technical maturity, adaptability to scenarios, and economic viability for each scheme, and analyzes the technical and economic characteristics of each scheme. The research results indicate that the diode rectifier transmission scheme has the best economic performance, the VSC transmission scheme is the most technically mature, and the flexible low-frequency transmission scheme has certain economic advantages at medium and short distances. The diode parallel MMC and cascaded MMC schemes are economically second only to the diode rectifier scheme and also have the feature of not requiring wind farm networking. The aim of this paper is to provide guidance for the selection of scaled wind power transmission methods, to promote energy transformation, and to accelerate the construction of a new type of power system. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： adaptability to scenarios economic comparison multiple types of wind power collection and transmission methods selection of wind power collection and transmission methods technical characteristics

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A simulation and Test Method for Fault Current Suppression Branch in dc grid

A Simulation and Test Method for Fault Current Suppression B...

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7th International Conference on Electronics technology, ICET 2024

作者： Li, Fangyuan Gu, Huaiguang Zhou, Jiapei Gao, Yang State Grid Smart Grid Research Institute CO. LTD. State Key Laboratory of Advanced Power Transmission Technology Beijing China Beijing Key Laboratory of Dc Grid Technology & Simulation Beijing China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350363951

This paper is aimed at the research and verification requirements of fault current suppression devices applied in dc grids as actual physical test equipment. A joint test method based on digital and physical hybrid simulation is proposed, and a digital physical interface scheme is provided. It has engineering practical digital physical interface stability and accuracy, and plays a technical support role in the development of fault current suppression devices in dc grids. A fault current suppression branch is proposed for the combination of a current limiter and a high-voltage dc circuit breaker. The testing topology, main circuit interface, communication interface, and communication protocol requirements for the digital physical hybrid simulation of the fault suppression branch are proposed, and a platform for the connection of the current limiting device is developed. The experiment results show that after adding a current limiter to the current limiting branch, the maximum fault current decreases, the breaking current of the circuit breaker is reduced, and the requirements for the technical parameters of the circuit breaker are lowered. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Digital devices

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A SOLUTION METHOD OF ILL-CONDITIONED MATRIX IN ELECTROMAGNETIC TRANSIENT simulation BASED ON REGULARIZATION ALGORITHM 12

A SOLUTION METHOD OF ILL-CONDITIONED MATRIX IN ELECTROMAGNET...

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12th Annual Meeting of CSEE Study Committee of HVdc and Power Electronics, HVdc 2023

作者： Gao, Lu Lin, Junjie Su, Minghui Lin, Chang Ji, Feng Wei, Bingtao State Grid Smart Grid Research Institute Co. Ltd Beijing China Laboratory of DC Grid Technology & Simulation Address Beijing China State Key Laboratory of Advanced Transmission Technology Beijing China

ISBN: (纸本)9781839539848

The electromagnetic transient simulation of power system is related to solving ill-conditioned matrix equations, which can not get satisfactory numerical results by the conventional method. In this paper, the regularization method is used to solve the ill-conditioned matrix equations in electromagnetic transient simulation. The numerical results show that the regularization method can solve the ill-conditioned matrix in electromagnetic transient simulation precisely. © The Institution of Engineering & technology 2023.

关键词： Numerical methods

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Research on the Configuration and Capacity Calculation of dc Side Dynamic Braking System 6

Research on the Configuration and Capacity Calculation of DC...

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6th International Conference on HVdc, HVdc 2024

作者： Bai, Yu Yang, Yuexi Zhou, Xiao Du, Zhenyu Hu, Yinghong Li, Yu State Grid Smart Grid Research Institute Co. Ltd. National Key Laboratory of Advanced Power Transmission Technology Beijing Key Laboratory of Dc Grid Technology and Simulation Beijing China Electric Power Research Institute State Grid JiBei Electric Power Co. Ltd. Beijing China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350387759

The Flexible dc Transmission technology circumvents the limitation of transmission distance caused by the charging power of AC cables. Additionally, it boasts technical advantages such as effectively isolating the interactions between onshore AC power grids and offshore wind farms, providing stable grid-connected voltage for offshore wind farms, and enabling flexible regulation of system operations. These factors make it the preferred technology for transmitting power from remote offshore wind farms. The offshore wind power flexible grid-connected system incorporates a dc-side dynamic braking system, which functions to absorb excess power injected by the wind farm and prevent system overvoltage when the AC main grid malfunctions, leading to the inability of the onshore converter station to deliver rated power. In this paper, the technical route, configuration scheme and capacity demand of dc side dynamic braking systems are studied, and the dc side dynamic braking system configuration scheme applicable to unipolar and bipolar isolated island new energy transmission flexible system is proposed, and the capacity demand of dc side dynamic braking system is analyzed, and the capacity design scheme of dc side dynamic braking system that conforms to the national calibration and meets the demand of system power balancing and fault ride-through and other requirements under the faulty AC system is proposed. The capacity design scheme of energy consuming devices is proposed in compliance with national calibration and can meet the system power balance and fault ride-through requirements in case of AC system failure and other working conditions. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： capacity requirements dc side dynamic braking systems flexible dc grid layout design offshore wind power

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A Generic Real-Time simulation Modeling Method of Modular dc Chopper for VSC-Based Offshore Wind Farm Connection System 7

A Generic Real-Time Simulation Modeling Method of Modular DC...

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7th International Conference on Power and Energy Engineering, ICPEE 2023

作者： Kou, Longze Gao, Yuqin Gu, Huaiguang Gao, Yang Li, Jin Li, Fangyuan State Grid Smart Grid Research Institute Co. Ltd State Key Laboratory of Advanced Power Transmission Technology Beijing China State Grid Smart Grid Research Institute Co. Ltd Beijing Key Laboratory of DC Grid Technology & Simulation Beijing China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350381146

The dc chopper is a crucial equipment in VSC-based offshore wind farm connection system to dissipate the surplus power during fault scenarios and enhance the system fault ride through capability. The modular dc chopper technology has been used in real engineering project due to its good transient performance. It has numerous SMs stacked in arm bridge with different topologies and thus poses challenges to the electromagnetic modeling, simulation analysis and control system testing of the equipment. This paper proposes a generic electromagnetic modeling method of modular dc chopper, which is especially suitable for the real time simulation. It has both high simulation speed and accuracy and can be used to simulate modular dc chopper with different SM topology. The modeling method is validated and then implemented in real time simulation platform HYPERSIM. Hardware in loop testing of VBC of dc chopper is carried out and the study cases demonstrates that the real time model of modular dc chopper works properly under transient operation conditions. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Offshore wind farms

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Enhanced Power Synchronization Based Vector Control with Fault Ride Through for VSC-HVdc 8

Enhanced Power Synchronization Based Vector Control with Fau...

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8th International Conference on Power and Renewable Energy, ICPRE 2023

作者： Pan, Rongcai Li, Chunpeng Yang, Yuexi Zhou, Xiao Research Institute Co. Ltd State Key Laboratory of Advanced Power Transmission Technology State Grid Smart Grid Beijing China Research Institute Co. Ltd Beijing Key Laboratory of DC Grid Technology & Simulation State Grid Smart Grid Beijing China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350328813

The power synchronization based vector control is proposed with the power synchronization controller (PSC) replacing the conventional phase locked loop (PLL) recently. It is reported that the power synchronization unit can have comparable performance of the conventional PLL based vector control. However, the steady state analysis of the PSC control dq frame orientation and the corresponding steady equilibrium points are not discussed. Worse more, fault ride through of the PSC based vector control is not addressed in the related literatures. First, the measurements error on the performance on PSC based vector control is analyzed and the enhanced PSC based vector control is proposed to further reduce the control complexity. Based on the enhanced PSC based vector control, the equilibrium points and the dq frame orientation of PSC based vector control and its comparison with PLL based one are analyzed in the normal operation. After that, the fault ride through strategy is proposed with consideration of equilibrium point. Finally, simulations using PSC based vector control for voltage source converter based high voltage dc transmission station (VSC-HVdc) are carried out to verify the analysis. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Fault ride through Phase-locked loop Power synchronization controller Vector control VSC-HVdc

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Real Time simulation Modeling Method for Controllable Self Recovery Energy Dissipation Device

Real Time Simulation Modeling Method for Controllable Self R...

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2023 International Conference on Power System technology, PowerCon 2023

作者： Xie, Minhua Gao, Lu Ji, Feng Lin, Chang Yan, Heming Lin, Junjie State Grid Smart Grid Research Institute Co. Ltd State Key Laboratory of Advanced Transmission Technology Beijing China State Grid Smart Grid Research Institute Co. Ltd Laboratory of Dc Grid Technology & Simulation Beijing China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350300222

In order to avoid equipment damage or valve breakdown caused by power surplus during AC system short-circuit faults in the hybrid cascaded ultra HVdc, the controllable and adaptive energy absorption device is installed parallel with the MMC converter valve. To accurately simulate the characteristics of the system and test the control and protection hardware in the loop, the small time-step real-time simulation is needed. In order to achieve the small time-step real-time simulation of the whole system including nonlinear controllable energy absorption device, a small inductor is used to separate the nonlinear network from the linear network based on equivalent transmission line method. The nonlinear subnetwork is solved using Newton-Raphson iteration method and the linear system is linearly solved. The comparison results show that the proposed method is high efficient and precise. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Energy absorption

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A New Control Method of VSC to Supporting Instantaneous Voltage at PCC Point 18th

A New Control Method of VSC to Supporting Instantaneous Volt...

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18th Annual Conference of China Electrotechnical Society, ACCES 2023

作者： Ji, Feng Gu, Huaiguang Gao, Lu Lin, Chang Zhu, Chengzhi Chen, Xiaogang State Key Laboratory of Advanced Transmission Technology State Grid Smart Grid Research Institute Co. LTD. Changping District Beijing102200 China Beijing Key Laboratory of DC Power Grid Technology and Simulation State Grid Smart Grid Research Institute Co. LTD. Changping District Beijing102200 China State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Co. LTD. Beijing China

ISBN: (纸本)9789819714469

In recent years, the engineering practice shows that the VSC has obvious drawbacks when it is connected to weak grid. It is easy to cause insufficient voltage support at PCC point of power systems. In order to solve this problem, this paper proposed an instantaneous voltage control method by using the integral characteristic of filter capacitance, which is also based on the instantaneous current control method. Because there is only one low leakage reactance transformer between the external potential of VSC and the PCC point, the two are strongly connected, which can effectively control the voltage of PCC point. At first, this paper analyzed the principle of PCC instantaneous voltage control method. Then, the frequency response and stability of the proposed method are analyzed in the complex frequency domain. In the electromagnetic transient simulation software, the voltage support capacity and fault ride through ability of the proposed method is simulated and verified. Finally, this paper compared the proposed method proposed with the other existing method - the proposed method is simpler, more reliable, and more widely applicable and has strong voltage support capacity and fault ride through ability, which can provide key technical support for the construction of new power system dominated by new energy in the future. © beijing Paike Culture Commu. Co., Ltd. 2024.

关键词： Capacitance

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Analysis and Improvement of the AC-Voltage Control of GFM MMC to Improve the Voltage Stability of AC/dc Hybrid Power grid 14

Analysis and Improvement of the AC-Voltage Control of GFM MM...

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14th IEEE International Symposium on Power Electronics for Distributed Generation Systems, PEDG 2023

作者： Chi, Chengbin Liu, Shan Liu, Qi Li, Fan State Grid Smart Grid Research Institute Co. Ltd State Key Laboratory of Advanced Power Transmission Technology Beijing China State Grid Smart Grid Research Institute Co. Ltd Beijing Key Laboratory of DC Grid Technology and Simulation Beijing China State Grid Shanghai Municipal Electric Power Company Shanghai China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350328233

The grid-forming control is regarded as an effective solution for grid-tied converters to operate under weak grid conditions. Currently, most of the grid-forming control strategies are designed for 2-level voltage source converters. The Power loop-AC voltage loop-AC current loop control is usually adopted in these strategies. This control structure highly relies on the AC side filter capacitor. However, in high-voltage situations, the modular multilevel converter, which has no AC side filter capacitor, is commonly adopted. The integral effect of the filter capacitor in the original control path is replaced by the differential effect of the grid impedance, which worsens the performance of AC voltage control. To solve this problem, the steady-state model of MMC using grid-forming control is established. Based on this model, two improved AC-voltage control strategies are proposed in this paper. simulation results in PSCAD/EMTdc show that the proposed control realizes desired dynamic control of the dc voltage. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Voltage control

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