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Renewable Energy System and Equipment 2025年第1期1卷 35-49页

作者： Zhiyuan He Jie Yang Guangfu Tang Yuexi Yang Zhenyu Du Sheng Zhang State Key Laboratory of Advanced Power Transmission Technology (China Electric Power Research Institute Co. Ltd.) Beijing 100192 China Beijing Huairou Laboratory Huairou District Beijing 101400 China China Beijing Key Laboratory of DC Grid Technology and Simulation (China Electric Power Research Institute Co. Ltd.) Beijing 100192 China

Developing offshore wind power, particularly in deep waters, is recognized as a vital approach to tackling the energy crisis and facilitating a low-carbon transition. VSC-HVdc transmission, leveraging its technological prowess, has emerged as the principal means for transmitting large-scale, remotely located offshore wind energy. In recent years, numerous VSC-HVdc grid interconnection projects for offshore wind farms have been commissioned globally, with the technology itself continually advancing and improving. This paper, in light of prevailing technological trends, provides a comprehensive overview of the advancements in key technologies within VSC-HVdc transmission tailored to the requirements of offshore wind power evacuation, encompassing system topology, operating modes, control and protection systems, essential equipment, and platform configurations. It further details the profiles of representative offshore wind power VSC-HVdc transmission and grid connection projects currently operational or under construction, and delves into the prospective development trajectories and future research avenues for offshore wind power VSC-HVdc transmission technology.

关键词： VSC-HVdc Offshore wind power System topology Control and protection Core equipment Offshore platform

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Adaptive Adjustment Method for grid-forming Energy Storage Parameters Based on Buffer Functions and Damping Switching

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Dianli Xitong Zidonghua/Automation of Electric power Systems 2025年第10期49卷 77-86页

作者： Cui, Yang Ma, Boyu Dai, Hanyang Ma, Xin Zhao, Yuting Key Laboratory of Modern Power System Simulation and Control & Renewable Energy Technology Ministry of Education Northeast Electric Power University Jilin132012 China China Electric Power Research Institute Beijing100192 China Electric Power Research Institute of State Grid Ningxia Electric Power Ltd. Co. Yinchuan750002 China

In the development tendency of high penetration of renewable energy and power electronic devices in new power systems, the grid-forming control technology for renewable energy integration mitigates the system stability issues caused by insufficient inertia and damping. However, it also reduces the dynamic regulation performance of the system. This paper proposes an adaptive adjustment method for grid-forming energy storage parameters based on buffer functions and steady-state/transient-state damping switching, to improve the dynamic regulation performance of the system. Firstly, the buffer functions are used in inertia adjustment to enhance the regulation smoothness of the system. Secondly, a steady-state/transient-state damping switching link is introduced in the damping adjustment to reduce the steady-state error of active power output during the frequency reduction process. Thirdly, the fuzzy control is employed to introduce correction terms for inertia and damping, and the stability of the proposed method is analyzed. Finally, simulations validate the effectiveness of the proposed method in enhancing small-signal stability and power response dynamic performance of the system. © 2025 Automation of Electric power Systems Press. All rights reserved.

关键词： Electric power transmission networks

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Stability Comparison Between grid-forming and grid-following Based Wind Farms Integrated MMC-HVdc

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Journal of Modern power Systems and Clean Energy 2023年第4期11卷 1341-1355页

作者： Rongcai Pan Dong Liu Shan Liu Jie Yang Longze Kou Guangfu Tang China Electric Power Research Institute Beijing 100192Chinaand he is also with the State Key Laboratory of Advanced Power Transmission Technology and Beijing Key Laboratory of DC Grid Technology&SimulationBeijing 102209China State Key Laboratory of Advanced Power Transmission Technology and Beijing Key Laboratory of DC Grid Technology&Simulation Beijing 102209China

grid-forming(GFM)control based high-voltage dc(HVdc)systems and renewable energy sources(RESs)provide support for enhancing the stability of power ***,the interaction and coordination of frequency support between the GFM-based modular multilevel converter based HVdc(MMC-HVdc)and grid-following(GFL)based RESs or GFM-based RESs have not been fully investigated,which are examined in this ***,the detailed AC-and dc-side impedances of GFM-based MMC-HVdc are *** impedance characteristics of GFL-and GFM-based wind turbines are next ***,the influences of GFL-and GFM-based wind farms(WFs)on the dc-and AC-side stabilities of WF-integrated MMC-HVdc systems are compared and *** results show that the GFM-based wind turbine performs better than the GFL-based wind ***,to support a receiving-end AC system,the corresponding frequency supporting strategies are proposed based on the GFM control for WF-integrated MMC-HVdc *** GFM-based WF outperforms the GFL-based WF in terms of stability and response *** in PSCAD/EMTdc demonstrate the dc-and AC-side stability issues and seamless grid support from the RESs,i.e.,WFs,to the receiving-end AC system.

关键词： Renewable energy source(RES) modular multilevel converter(MMC) wind farm grid-forming(GFM) highvoltage direct current

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Investigation on Insulating Properties of Epoxy Resin Impregnated Paper Affected by Curing Agents and Accelerator Contents

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IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation 2025年

作者： Teng, Chenyuan Ding, Yichao Zhou, Yuanxiang Zhao, Lei Zhang, Yunxiao Chen, Haoran Zhang, Youbing Zhejiang University of Technology College of Information Engineering Hangzhou310023 China Nankai University China and College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering Tianjin300350 China Zhejiang Testing & Inspection Institute for Mechanical and Electrical Products Quality Co. Ltd Hangzhou310051 China Tsinghua University State Key Laboratory of Control and Simulation of Power Systems and Generation Equipment Department of Electrical Engineering Beijing100084 China State Grid Xinxiang Electric Power Supply Company Xinxiang453002 China

The curing formula is vital to the performance of epoxy resin impregnated paper (RIP) material. This work explored the effect of curing agents and accelerator contents on the thermal and electrical properties of RIP material. It was found that the RIP material cured with 1phr accelerator has the optimal glass transition temperature, electrical conductivity, dielectric loss and dc breakdown strength compared with RIP material cured by 0.5phr, 2phr, and 3phr accelerator. The RIP material cured with MEHHPA has better thermal and insulating properties compared with the RIP material cured with METHPA. The existence of the crepe paper amplifies the influence of accelerator and curing agent for the hydroxyl groups affect the curing process as well as the chain segment arrangement. This study provides the research support for the design of the curing formula for RIP insulation used in dc bushing. © 1994-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Dielectric losses

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Modeling and simulation Method of Offshore power Delivery System with Hydrogen Production 4

Modeling and Simulation Method of Offshore Power Delivery Sy...

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4th International Conference on Electrical Engineering and Control Technologies, CEECT 2022

作者： Gu, Huaiguang Zhang, Jian Kou, Longze Zhou, Jiapei State Key Laboratory of Advanced Transmission Technology China Beijing Key Laboratory of Dc Power Grid Technology and Simulation China State Grid Smart Grid Research Institute Co. LTD. Beijing China

ISBN: (纸本)9781665498999

With the depletion of global fossil energy and the worsening of global environmental problems, the development and utilization of renewable clean energy has become an important direction in the world's energy technological change. Hydrogen energy, as a highly clean renewable energy, has become a research hotspot in the world. In this paper, a typical offshore energy system model is proposed. Firstly, according to the thermodynamic phenomena and electrochemical dynamic characteristics of the alkaline electrolyzer, the electromagnetic transient model of hydrogen production unit is established. Then, a grid-connected control scheme based on the direct current of the electrolyzer is proposed to connect the offshore wind farm with the hydrogen production system. Finally, a complete model is built on PSCAD and the electromagnetic transient simulation analysis is carried out. The results show that the system can provide stable and reasonable dc current to hydrogen production system through 60 mw wind farm, which verifies the correctness and effectiveness of the model. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Hydrogen production

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An engineering applicable dynamic equivalent method for large-scale AC system connected to VSC-HVdc

An engineering applicable dynamic equivalent method for larg...

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2016 IEEE PES Asia Pacific power and Energy Engineering Conference, APPEEC 2016

作者： Lin, Zhu Xueguang, Wu Liu, Dong Global Energy Interconnection Research Institute Beijing China State Key Laboratory of Advanced Power Transmission Technology Beijing China Beijing Key Laboratory of DC Grid Technology and Simulation Beijing China

ISBN: (纸本)9781509054183

To test the software and hardware functions of VSC-HVdc control and protection device, an efficient way is to carry out the hardware-in-loop (HIL) tests and setup a detailed AC/dc transient model in real-time digital simulator. However, taking into account capability of the simulator and details of the simulation, the large scale AC network outside the converters should be simplified and equivalent. In this paper, based on a principle that the short circuit levels should be consistent before and after equivalent, a new equivalent method to calculate the equivalent generator parameters for large scale AC power system is proposed. Firstly, rated capacity and access reactance of equivalent generators are calculated according to equivalent bus's short-current. Secondly, a new criterion is provided based on short-current contribution ratio, according to short-current and short-reactance of the equivalent bus. Finally, this criterion is used to choose dominate controller of the equivalent generators, and calculate controller parameters. At the same time, the Ward method is improved. The negative line resistance and generator active output are corrected. Finally, the proposed method is used for Xiamen equivalent grid which derived from a large scale of 'Sanhua' China power grids and validated by comparison of the bus voltages, power flows, short-circuit levels and the dynamic response characteristics of the equivalent network, the validity of the proposed method is proved. © 2016 IEEE.

关键词： Timing circuits

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Research on the Configuration and Capacity Calculation of dc Side Dynamic Braking System 6

Research on the Configuration and Capacity Calculation of DC...

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6th International Conference on HVdc, HVdc 2024

作者： Bai, Yu Yang, Yuexi Zhou, Xiao Du, Zhenyu Hu, Yinghong Li, Yu State Grid Smart Grid Research Institute Co. Ltd. National Key Laboratory of Advanced Power Transmission Technology Beijing Key Laboratory of Dc Grid Technology and Simulation Beijing China Electric Power Research Institute State Grid JiBei Electric Power Co. Ltd. Beijing China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350387759

The Flexible dc Transmission technology circumvents the limitation of transmission distance caused by the charging power of AC cables. Additionally, it boasts technical advantages such as effectively isolating the interactions between onshore AC power grids and offshore wind farms, providing stable grid-connected voltage for offshore wind farms, and enabling flexible regulation of system operations. These factors make it the preferred technology for transmitting power from remote offshore wind farms. The offshore wind power flexible grid-connected system incorporates a dc-side dynamic braking system, which functions to absorb excess power injected by the wind farm and prevent system overvoltage when the AC main grid malfunctions, leading to the inability of the onshore converter station to deliver rated power. In this paper, the technical route, configuration scheme and capacity demand of dc side dynamic braking systems are studied, and the dc side dynamic braking system configuration scheme applicable to unipolar and bipolar isolated island new energy transmission flexible system is proposed, and the capacity demand of dc side dynamic braking system is analyzed, and the capacity design scheme of dc side dynamic braking system that conforms to the national calibration and meets the demand of system power balancing and fault ride-through and other requirements under the faulty AC system is proposed. The capacity design scheme of energy consuming devices is proposed in compliance with national calibration and can meet the system power balance and fault ride-through requirements in case of AC system failure and other working conditions. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： capacity requirements dc side dynamic braking systems flexible dc grid layout design offshore wind power

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A Staged Strategy for MMC Offshore Converter Station Under Asymmetric AC Fault 7

A Staged Strategy for MMC Offshore Converter Station Under A...

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7th IEEE Conference on Energy Internet and Energy System Integration, EI2 2023

作者： Li, Fangyuan Kou, Longze Zhou, Jiapei Hao, Jie State Key Laboratory of Advanced Power Transmission Technology Beijing China Beijing Key Laboratory of Dc Grid Technology & Simulation State Grid Smart Grid Research Institute CO.LTD. Beijing China State Grid Shanxi Electric Power Company Electric Power Science Research Institute Shanxi China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350345094

At present, offshore wind power has become an important development direction for wind power generation. Offshore wind farms often use high-voltage direct current transmission technology with modular multi-level voltage source converters (MMC-HVdc) to transmit electricity to the grid. However, the fault response characteristics of offshore wind farms through the MMC-HVdc transmission system are different from those through AC transmission way. Therefore, it is significant that studying the fault ride through (FRT) technology of offshore wind farms through the MMC-HVdc grid connection system for practical engineering. An electromagnetic transient simulation model for an offshore wind farm composed of a direct drive permanent magnet synchronous generator (D-PMSG) connected to the grid is established through MMC-HVdc transmission technology. The mechanism and suppression strategy of overvoltage generation in the transmission network are provided during the fault clearance and recovery phase of the offshore wind farm HVdc transmission system under AC asymmetric faults. A two-stage improved control strategy for MMC-HVdc offshore converter station in response to asymmetric faults has been proposed, which is beneficial for the joint system to quickly recover from the post fault system voltage and suppress the overvoltage risk during the fault clearing phase. Finally, the proposed strategy is validated based on a domestic ± 500kV project in China, demonstrating its effectiveness. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Offshore wind farms

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A Generic Real-Time simulation Modeling Method of Modular dc Chopper for VSC-Based Offshore Wind Farm Connection System 7

A Generic Real-Time Simulation Modeling Method of Modular DC...

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7th International Conference on power and Energy Engineering, ICPEE 2023

作者： Kou, Longze Gao, Yuqin Gu, Huaiguang Gao, Yang Li, Jin Li, Fangyuan State Grid Smart Grid Research Institute Co. Ltd State Key Laboratory of Advanced Power Transmission Technology Beijing China State Grid Smart Grid Research Institute Co. Ltd Beijing Key Laboratory of DC Grid Technology & Simulation Beijing China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350381146

The dc chopper is a crucial equipment in VSC-based offshore wind farm connection system to dissipate the surplus power during fault scenarios and enhance the system fault ride through capability. The modular dc chopper technology has been used in real engineering project due to its good transient performance. It has numerous SMs stacked in arm bridge with different topologies and thus poses challenges to the electromagnetic modeling, simulation analysis and control system testing of the equipment. This paper proposes a generic electromagnetic modeling method of modular dc chopper, which is especially suitable for the real time simulation. It has both high simulation speed and accuracy and can be used to simulate modular dc chopper with different SM topology. The modeling method is validated and then implemented in real time simulation platform HYPERSIM. Hardware in loop testing of VBC of dc chopper is carried out and the study cases demonstrates that the real time model of modular dc chopper works properly under transient operation conditions. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Offshore wind farms

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Enhanced power Synchronization Based Vector Control with Fault Ride Through for VSC-HVdc 8

Enhanced Power Synchronization Based Vector Control with Fau...

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8th International Conference on power and Renewable Energy, ICPRE 2023

作者： Pan, Rongcai Li, Chunpeng Yang, Yuexi Zhou, Xiao Research Institute Co. Ltd State Key Laboratory of Advanced Power Transmission Technology State Grid Smart Grid Beijing China Research Institute Co. Ltd Beijing Key Laboratory of DC Grid Technology & Simulation State Grid Smart Grid Beijing China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350328813

The power synchronization based vector control is proposed with the power synchronization controller (PSC) replacing the conventional phase locked loop (PLL) recently. It is reported that the power synchronization unit can have comparable performance of the conventional PLL based vector control. However, the steady state analysis of the PSC control dq frame orientation and the corresponding steady equilibrium points are not discussed. Worse more, fault ride through of the PSC based vector control is not addressed in the related literatures. First, the measurements error on the performance on PSC based vector control is analyzed and the enhanced PSC based vector control is proposed to further reduce the control complexity. Based on the enhanced PSC based vector control, the equilibrium points and the dq frame orientation of PSC based vector control and its comparison with PLL based one are analyzed in the normal operation. After that, the fault ride through strategy is proposed with consideration of equilibrium point. Finally, simulations using PSC based vector control for voltage source converter based high voltage dc transmission station (VSC-HVdc) are carried out to verify the analysis. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Fault ride through Phase-locked loop power synchronization controller Vector control VSC-HVdc

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