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Daily asian-pacific oscillation and associated rainfall anomalies in Central-Northern China and precursory atmospheric signals

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Atmospheric Research 2025年 324卷

作者： Liao, Rongwei Zhao, Ping Liu, Ge State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Meteorological Science and Technology Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences Beijing China

Utilizing the Asian-Pacific oscillation (APO) index on a daily scale to gain a comprehensive understanding of summer daily rainfall variations and their underlying physical mechanisms is helpful to improve the accuracy of daily rainfall pattern predictions in central-northern China. To address this, we utilized observational 24-h accumulated rainfall data from China and the reanalysis products from the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecast (ECMWF) and investigated the relationship between daily APO, atmospheric circulation, and rainfall in central-northern China on the daily timescale. It delves into the evolution of the daily APO index (DAI) and its connection to atmospheric circulation and rainfall. Corresponding to instances of daily extremely high and low APO, there is a notable intensification in the sea-land thermal contrast and the associated southerly winds, which leads to abundant water vapor and widespread rainfall anomalies in central-northern China. The daily APO signal emerges as an indicator of rainfall events in this region, detectable up to seven days in advance. These findings are in favor of understanding the mechanism for East Asian monsoon and associated rainfall in central-northern China on the daily timescale. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Acid rain

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Fabrication and Characterization of Polyurea-Polyurethane/Silver Bilayer Shell Phase Change Nanocapsules 154th

Fabrication and Characterization of Polyurea-Polyurethane/Si...

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154th Annual Meeting and Exhibition of The Minerals, Metals and Materials Society, TMS 2025

作者： Liu, Sitong Li, Tonghe Hu, Dengti Bai, Hao State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy University of Science and Technology Beijing 30# Xueyuan Road Beijing100083 China School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing 30# Xueyuan Road Beijing100083 China

ISBN: (纸本)9783031807473

Composite dual-layer shell phase change capsules have received atten tion due to their excellent thermal storage capacity, high thermal conductivity, and good thermal stability. In this study, a method combining in-situ polymerization and liquid-phase reduction was proposed to prepare polyurea-polyurethane organic phase change nanocapsules. Firstly, a polyurea-polyurethane shell is formed on the surface of the core material of butyl stearate through in-situ polymerization method. Afterwards, a layer of silver shell is formed on the surface of the previously prepared phase change capsules which have polyurea-polyurethane shell using the liquid ***,thepolyurea-polyurethane/silvershellphasechange nanocapsules are obtained. The volume encapsulation efficiency of the dual-layer shell phasechangenanocapsulespreparedreaches82.39%.Thethermalconductivity is 2.164 W/(m·K), indicating an improvement in thermal conductivity compared with the nanocapsules without the silver shell. After 1000 thermal cycles, minimal enthalpy loss during melting and solidification suggests excellent thermal reliability. © TheMinerals, Metals & Materials Society 2025.

关键词： Positive temperature coefficient

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A General Neural Network Potential for Energetic Materials with C, H, N, and O elements

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Wen, Mingjie Han, Jiahe Li, Wenjuan Chang, Xiaoya Chu, Qingzhao Chen, Dongping State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Safety Protection Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing100081 China

The discovery and optimization of high-energy materials (HEMs) are constrained by the prohibitive computational expense and prolonged development cycles inherent in conventional approaches. In this work, we develop a general neural network potential (NNP) that efficiently predicts the structural, mechanical, and decomposition properties of HEMs composed of C, H, N, and O. Our framework leverages pre-trained NNP models, fine-tuned using transfer learning on energy and force data derived from density functional theory (DFT) calculations. This strategy enables rapid adaptation across 20 different HEM systems while maintaining DFT-level accuracy, significantly reducing computational costs. A key aspect of this work is the ability of NNP model to capture the chemical activity space of HEMs, accurately describe the key atomic interactions and reaction mechanisms during thermal decomposition. The general NNP model has been applied in molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and validated with experimental data for various HEM structures. Results show that the NNP model accurately predicts the structural, mechanical, and decomposition properties of HEMs by effectively describing their chemical activity space. Compared to traditional force fields, it offers superior DFT-level accuracy and generalization across both microscopic and macroscopic properties, reducing the computational and experimental costs. This work provides an efficient strategy for the design and development of HEMs and proposes a promising framework for integrating DFT, machine learning, and experimental methods in materials research. (To facilitate further research and practical applications, we open-source our NNP model on GitHub: https://***/MingjieWen/General-NNP-model-for-C-H-N-O-EnergeticMaterials.) Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Pyrolysis

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Smart reconfigurable metadevices made of shape memory alloy metamaterials

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Opto-Electronic Advances 2025年第2期8卷 6-14页

作者： Shiqiang Zhao Yuancheng Fan Ruisheng Yang Zhehao Ye Fuli Zhang Chen Wang Weijia Luo Yongzheng Wen Ji Zhou MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions School of Physical Science and TechnologyNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an 710129China State Key Lab of New Ceramics and Fine Processing Department of Materials Science and EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China.

Reconfigurable metamaterials significantly expand the application scenarios and operating frequency range of metamaterials,making them promising candidates for use in smart tunable ***,we propose and experimentally demonstrate that integrating metamaterial design principles with the intrinsic features of natural materials can engineer thermal smart *** extraordinary optical transmission like(EOT-like)phenomena have been achieved in the microwave regime using shape memory alloy(SMA).The strongly localized fields generated by designed metadevices,combined with the intense interference of incident waves,enhance transmission through subwavelength *** the temperature-responsive properties of SMA,the morphology of the metadevice can be recontructed,thereby modifying its response to electromagnetic *** experiments demonstrated control over the operating frequency and transmission amplitude of EOT-like behavior,achieving a maximum transmission enhancement factor of ***,the metadevices with modular design enable the realization of multiple functions with independent control have been *** proposed SMA-based metamaterials offer advantages in terms of miniaturization,easy processing,and high design *** may have potential applications in microwave devices requiring temperature control,such as sensing and monitoring.

关键词： metamaterials extraordinary optical transmission shape memory alloy temperature tunability

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Operando TEM Probes Dynamic Evolution of Transition Metal-Based Catalysts and Their Heterostructures

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Advanced Functional Materials 2025年

作者： Yuan, Bo Zhu, Yuchen Liu, Shuhui Shan, Aixian Wang, Rongming Beijing Key Laboratory for Magneto-Photoelectrical Composite and Interface Science Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Technology State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials School of Mathematics and Physics University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing100083 China School of Railway Intelligent Engineering Dalian Jiaotong University Liaoning Dalian116028 China

Transition metals-based catalysts and their heterostructures represent a critical category of catalytic materials, and understanding their catalytic mechanisms and achieving precise synthesis are of paramount importance. Operando transmission electron microscopy (TEM) enables real-time monitoring of sample responses to external stimuli, which is crucial for observing structural, compositional, and electronic changes in nanocatalysts during reactions and aids in designing efficient catalysts and establishing atomic-level structure-property relationships. This review discusses how operando TEM, with its high spatial and temporal resolution, enables real-time observation of critical phenomena such as nucleation, growth, sintering, and single-atom dispersion in nanocatalysts. The effects of external stimuli, including gas atmosphere, thermal, optical, and electrical fields, on the structural and chemical properties of catalysts are analyzed. Moreover, the application of operando TEM for real-time monitoring of structural evolution and external signal changes in catalysts under operating conditions is discussed, providing essential insights into the ‘black box’ of heterogeneous reactions. It is anticipated that these efforts will further facilitate the development of novel high-performance catalysts and deepen the understanding of material structure-performance relationships at a more profound level. © 2025 Wiley-VCH GmbH.

关键词： Iron

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Scaled-up 2D solid-state laser array

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Optics Letters 2025年第8期50卷 2679-2682页

作者： Zhang, Nihui Shan, Zhenjiao Meng, Fansheng Xin, Di Wang, Hai Fu, Ting Qi, Aiyi Qu, Hongwei Zhou, Xuyan Zheng, Wanhua Zhang, Hongbo The Laboratory of Solid State Optoelectronics Information Technology Institute of Semiconductors Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100083 China The Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing101408 China The School of Optoelectronics University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing101408 China The School of Physics and Physical Engineering Qufu Normal University Jining273165 China The Weifang Academy of Advanced Opto-Electronic Circuits Weifang261000 China The State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics Institute of Semiconductors Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100083 China

The inherent trade-off between high-power and high beam quality has long been a critical technological challenge for high-power vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs), fundamentally limiting their direct application, especially in remote large area irradiation and detection. Here, a compact and efficient two-dimensional (2D) laser array based on a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) array is proposed and demonstrated. By employing a highly doped Nd:YVO4 crystal and a specialized cavity to compensate thermal lensing effect, the laser array achieves a 1 μm wavelength, 4.7mJ pulse energy, 52% optical-tooptical (O-O) conversion efficiency, and a brightness of 1.27 kW cm-2 sr-1, which is three orders higher than that of the 808nm VCSEL array (5.9W cm-2 sr-1). The beam quality factors (M2) of individual emitters were 1.41 and 1.48 in the X and Y directions, respectively. Additionally, the laser power scales with the array size, demonstrating the potential for innovative photonics applications. © 2025 Optica Publishing Group.

关键词： Surface emitting lasers

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Flexibilizing Mechanisms of Spinel-, Hercynite-, Galaxite-, and Chromite-Containing Basic Refractories for Cement Rotary Kilns

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Recent Innovations in Chemical Engineering 2025年第1期18卷 40-60页

作者： Guo, Zongqi Ding, Qiang Ding, Haiwei Dai, Yajie Dang, Xiaomei Gao, Jianying Yuan, Wenjie School of Materials Science and Engineering Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology Xi’an710055 China Department of Research and Development Yingkou Jiamei Refractories Co. Ltd. Yingkou115500 China The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy Wuhan University of Science and Technology Wuhan430081 China Research Institute Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China Co. Ltd. Tianjin300457 China

Background: Refractory linings of cement rotary kilns are subjected to severe thermomechanical stresses of cranking, ovality, tyre hooping/migration, and uneven thermal distribution. An insistent demand is to discover the significance of spinel, hercynite, galaxite, and chromite in magnesia refractories, as well as their flexibilizing mechanisms. Objectives: The objectives are to compare the fracture behavior of magnesia–spinel, –hercynite, –galaxite, and –chromite refractories and to unveil the flexibilizing mechanisms of different spinels. Methods: The wedge splitting test is carried out to produce various fracture parameters. Their flexibilizing mechanisms are studied by performing microstructural observations and analyses. Results: Various fracture parameters are obtained, including specific fracture energy, brittleness number, characteristic crack length, and thermal-shock resistance parameter. Generally, magnesia–hercynite bricks and magnesia–galaxite bricks have demonstrated the prominent advantages of fracture resistance, which are more flexible than magnesia–spinel bricks and magnesia–chromite bricks. Conclusion: The flexibility of magnesia–spinel bricks is attributed to microcracks generated from different thermal behavior between spinel grains and surrounding periclase, which is recognized as the thermal-expansion mismatch mechanism. In magnesia–hercynite and magnesia–galaxite refractories, the active-ion-diffusion mechanism is predominant beyond similar microcracks, to drive the flexibility by the continuous diffusion of Fe2+, Mn2+, and Mg2+ during high-temperature burning and using processes. In magnesia–chromite bricks, the pore rims contribute to the flexibility as a silicate-migration mechanism, after silicate envelopes first arise around chromite grains and then vanish into the surrounding magnesia by the suction of capillary force during the burning process. © 2025 Bentham science Publishers.

关键词： Magnesia refractories

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Na Nonstoichiometric Modifications Unraveling the Sodium Ion Mobility and Transport Mechanism in Sodium Solid Electrolyte Na_(x)Zn_(2)TeO_(6)

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Chemical Research in Chinese Universities 2025年第2期41卷 296-304页

作者： SUN Huangyijia LI Xiaohui ZENG Xiaoling LIU Jian RAKHMATULLIN Aydar LOU Chenjie TANG Mingxue FERNANDEZ-CARRION Alberto Jose KUANG Xiaojun Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Functional Materials College of Chemistry and BioengineeringGuilin University of TechnologyGuilin 541004P.R.China Conditions Extremes et Materiaux:Haute Temperature et Irradiation(CNRS) CEMHTlUPR 3079Universite OrléansOrleans F-45071France Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School Tsinghua UniversityShenzhen 518055P.R.China School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083P.R.China

Sodium-ion conducting materials in sodium-ion battery have drawn widespread attention in energy storage technologies due to the advantages of low cost,high performance,and efficient environmental ***,bond valence site energy(BVSE)calculations were used to predict the sodium ion electrical performances by the Na nonstoichiometric modifications,and we have carried out fine experiments to modulate the sodium ion conductivity of Na_(x)Zn_(2)TeO_(6) guided by BVSE *** optimized composition Na_(2.1)Zn_(2)TeO_(6) shows the superior sodium ionic conductivity of 5.3×10^(−3) S/cm at 190℃,with a low activation energy of 0.28 *** excess Na preferentially occupies the Na1 site with tetrahedral voids,which has a higher capacity for sodium ion migration,as revealed by the combined neutron powder diffraction technique with the 1D and 2D ^(23)Na solid-state NMR technique,which is responsible for the variations in sodium ion *** addition,it is worth noting that the resulting Na_(2.1)Zn_(2)TeO_(6) material maintains superior thermal and phase stability,as well as approximately the same thermal expansion coefficient values even during the temperature rise and fall cycles in the temperature range of 25–800°***,molecular dynamics simulations revealed that the sodium ions exhibit longrange anisotropic migration within the Na+interlayers of Na_(2.1)Zn_(2)TeO_(6).

关键词： Sodium solid electrolyte Bond valence site energy Nonstoichiometric modification

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Mo-terminated edges in two-dimensional molybdenum disulfide for site-specific hydrolysis and DNA cleavage

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Materials Today 2025年 86卷 162-171页

作者： Wang, Cong Wu, Menghan Li, Muqing Zhao, Yingcan Zhao, Mingchuang Zhang, Yunhao Bai, Yichao Gao, Jianxiang Wang, Xiaoxia Tian, Xilin Zhang, Han Chang, Liang Zou, Xiaolong Liu, Bilu Kang, Feiyu Terrones, Mauricio Lei, Yu Institute of Materials Research Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Layered Materials for Value-added Applications Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Thermal Management Engineering and Materials & Center of Double Helix Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School Tsinghua University Shenzhen518055 China Institute of Materials Research & Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Layered Materials for Value-added Applications Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute and Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School Tsinghua University Shenzhen518055 China Environmental Science Program Department of Life Sciences Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University United International College Guangdong519087 China Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School Tsinghua University Shenzhen518055 China Department of Physics Department of Chemistry Department of Materials Sciences Center for 2-Dimensional and Layered Materials The Pennsylvania State University University ParkPA16802 United States International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics Shenzhen University Shenzhen518060 China

The hydrolysis of DNA serves as the foundational principle for gene engineering that enable precise gene cleavage at the molecular level. This process typically occurs in biological nucleases, which exhibit nucleobase-selective and catalytic hydrolysis capabilities rarely replicated in abiotic nanomaterials. Here, we demonstrate that molybdenum-terminated (Mo-terminated) edges of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) possess the unique ability to abstract a proton (H+) from water molecules, thereby facilitating catalytic hydrolysis reactions that cleave the phosphodiester bonds in DNA through the action of hydroxide ions. The enhanced proton absorption at Mo-terminated edges of MoS2 significantly reduces the activation energy required for the DNA hydrolysis reaction. Furthermore, the favorable interaction between the Mo-terminated edges and thymine nucleobases promotes both charge transfer and P-O bond cleavage, enabling targeted DNA hydrolysis at 'TTTTTTT' sequences under dark conditions. This discovery underscores the potential of MoS2 as a stable, efficient nanosystem for precise genetic editing, heralding advanced applications in the field of gene engineering. © 2025 The Author(s)

关键词： Activation energy

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Phase equilibrium and mechanism analysis of trioxane in wastewater extraction by hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent

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Journal of Molecular Liquids 2025年 423卷

作者： Chen, Yusen Li, Jie Li, Chunshan Wang, Yinglong Qi, Jianguang Zhu, Zhaoyou College of Chemical Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao266042 China State Key Laboratory of Mesoscience and Engineering CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China

Trioxane (Tox) is an important source of anhydrous formaldehyde, which is used in large quantities in industrial production resulting in large quantities of low concentration Tox wastewater. Liquid-liquid extraction is one of the commonly used methods for wastewater resource recycling. This study presents a method on the separation of Tox from wastewater using hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents (HDES). Firstly, Thy-BA and Thy-DA were screened from 12 HDES by extraction performance and solubility in water. The effects of different molar ratios of HDES, extraction temperature and addition of acetic acid as impurity on the extraction performance were further investigated. For the measured ternary phase data of HDES-Tox-water, the reliability of the data was verified using the Othmer-Tobias and Hand equations, and the data were fitted using the NRTL model. Quantum chemistry was used to calculate the interaction energy of HDES with Tox and to establish a correlation with the extraction efficiency. Hydrogen bonding was found to be the main force for separating Tox by electrostatic potential and interaction region indicator analysis. Molecular dynamics computing found that Thy was a substance that plays a major role in Thy-BA and Thy-DA. Ultimately, it was discovered that the chosen HDES has great recycling and thermal stability characteristics. This work explores three aspects of phase equilibrium, thermodynamics and microscopic separation mechanism revelation to support the systematic recovery of Tox wastewater. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Hydrogen bonds

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