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Vibrational relaxation in compressible isotropic turbulence with thermal nonequilibrium

Physical Review Fluids 2020年第4期5卷 044602-044602页

作者： Qinmin Zheng Jianchun Wang Bernd R. Noack Hui Li Minping Wan Shiyi Chen Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Complex Aerospace Flows Center for Complex Flows and Soft Matter Research Department of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China School of Power and Mechanical Engineering Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China Institute for Turbulence-Noise-Vibration Interaction and Control Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) Shenzhen 518055 China LIMSI CNRS Université Paris-Saclay Bât 507 rue du Belvédère Campus Universitaire F-91405 Orsay France Institut für Strömungsmechanik und Technische Akustik Technische Universität Berlin Müller-Breslau-Straße 8 D-10623 Berlin Germany State Key Laboratory of Turbulence and Complex Systems Peking University Beijing 100871 China

As pioneered by Donzis and Maqui [J. Fluid Mech. 797, 181 (2016)] and Khurshid and Donzis [Phys. Fluids 31, 015103 (2019)], the compressible isotropic turbulence in thermal nonequilibrium is drawing attention in the fluid dynamics community. In the present study, the vibrational rate and the dissipation or production of vibrational energy fluctuation of compressible isotropic turbulence with solenoidal forcing in vibrational nonequilibrium are investigated using numerical simulations. The turbulent Mach number (Mt) is set to be 0.44 and 1.09, and the Taylor Reynolds number (Reλ) equals 98.58 approximately. The focus is on the effect of the normalized vibrational relaxation time (Kτ) and characteristic temperature (θv) on statistical features of the vibrational rate and the dissipation or production components of vibrational energy fluctuation. When Kτ is small (≲1.0), the average of normalized vibrational rate conditioned on the normalized dilatation is positive in the compression region and negative in the expansion region, enhanced with increase of compression and expansion level, respectively. It indicates that, on average, the energy transfers from translational-rotational to vibrational modes in the compression region and in the inverse direction in the expansion region. The conditional average of the normalized vibrational rate reduces with increase of Kτ, and is insensitive to θv. The joint probability density functions (PDFs) and conditional PDFs of the normalized vibrational rate are also analyzed, to reveal the effect of compression and expansion motions on the internal energy exchange between the translational-rotational and vibrational modes. The dissipation or production of vibrational energy fluctuation can result from effects of dilatation, thermal diffusion, and vibrational relaxation. The dissipation component due to thermal diffusion always weakens the vibrational energy fluctuation in both compression and expansion regions for the weakly and highl

关键词： Compressible flows Nonequilibrium & irreversible thermodynamics Turbulence

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Modeling and Simulation of Double Capacity Tank Level control System Based on Linear Graph Theory

Modeling and Simulation of Double Capacity Tank Level Contro...

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Chinese control Conference (CCC)

作者： Hui Leng Yue Zhang Hebei Power Generation Process Simulation and Optimization Control Engineering Technology Research Center Baoding China North China Electric Power School of Control and Computer Engineering Beijing

The double-capacity tank liquid level system has the characteristics of inertia, time delay and nonlinearity. Many practical industrial objects can be abstracted as the tank model to describe their working characteristics. Graphical techniques are widely used to assist in representing dynamic system models, while linear graphs represent the internal relationships between components in a system. According to the linear graph modeling theory, this paper takes the double-capacity water tank as the research object, and establishes the mathematical model of the tank liquid level control system. Then simulate the system on this basis, and the transfer function of the system is obtained based on the state space equation, the correctness of the transfer function is verified by the equivalent impedance method. The simulation results show that the modeling of linear graph theory can ensure that the model can better reflect the true characteristics of the system.

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Input optics systems of the KAGRA detector during O3GK (vol 2023, 023F01, 2023)

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PROGRESS OF THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PHYSICS 2023年第5期2023卷

作者： Akutsu, T. Ando, M. Arai, K. Arai, Y. Araki, S. Araya, A. Aritomi, N. Asada, H. Aso, Y. Bae, S. Bae, Y. Baiotti, L. Bajpai, R. Barton, M. A. Cannon, K. Cao, Z. Capocasa, E. Chan, M. Chen, C. Chen, K. Chen, Y. Chiang, C-I Chu, H. Chu, Y-K Eguchi, S. Enomoto, Y. Flaminio, R. Fujii, Y. Fujikawa, Y. Fukunaga, M. Fukushima, M. Furuhata, T. Gao, D. Ge, G-G Ha, S. Hagiwara, A. Haino, S. Han, W-B Hasegawa, K. Hattori, K. Hayakawa, H. Hayama, K. Himemoto, Y. Hiranuma, Y. Hirata, N. Hirose, E. Hong, Z. Hsieh, B-H Huang, G-Z Huang, H-Y Huang, P. Huang, Y-C Huang, Y-J Hui, D. C. Y. Ide, S. Ikenoue, B. Imam, S. Inayoshi, K. Inoue, Y. Ioka, K. Ito, K. Itoh, Y. Izumi, K. Jeon, C. Jin, H-B Jung, K. Jung, P. Kaihotsu, K. Kajita, T. Kakizaki, M. Kamiizumi, M. Kanbara, S. Kanda, N. Kang, G. Kataoka, Y. Kawaguchi, K. Kawai, N. Kawasaki, T. Kim, C. Kim, J. Kim, J. C. Kim, Ws Kim, Y-M Kimura, N. Kita, N. Kitazawa, H. Kojima, Y. Kokeyama, K. Komori, K. Kong, A. K. H. Kotake, K. Kozakai, C. Kozu, R. Kumar, R. Kume, J. Kuo, C. Kuo, H-S Kuromiya, Y. Kuroyanagi, S. Kusayanagi, K. Kwak, K. Lee, H. K. Lee, H. W. Lee, R. Leonardi, M. Li, K. L. Lin, L. C-C Lin, C-Y Lin, F-K Lin, F-L Lin, H. L. Liu, G. C. Luo, L-W Majorana, E. Marchio, M. Michimura, Y. Mio, N. Miyakawa, O. Miyamoto, A. Miyazaki, Y. Miyo, K. Miyoki, S. Mori, Y. Morisaki, S. Moriwaki, Y. Nagano, K. Nagano, S. Nakamura, K. Nakano, H. Nakano, M. Nakashima, R. Nakayama, Y. Narikawa, T. Naticchioni, L. Negishi, R. Quynh, L. Nguyen Ni, W-T Nishizawa, A. Nozaki, S. Obuchi, Y. Ogaki, W. Oh, J. J. Oh, S. H. Ohashi, M. Ohishi, N. Ohkawa, M. Ohta, H. Okutani, Y. Okutomi, K. Oohara, K. Ooi, C. Oshino, S. Otabe, S. Pan, K-C Pang, H. Parisi, A. Park, J. Arellano, F. E. Pena Pinto, I. Sago, N. Saito, S. Saito, Y. Sakai, K. Sakai, Y. Sakuno, Y. Sato, S. Sato, T. Sawada, T. Sekiguchi, T. Sekiguchi, Y. Shao, L. Shibagaki, S. Shimizu, R. Shimoda, T. Shimode, K. Shinkai, H. Shishido, T. Shoda, A. Somiya, K. Son, E. J. Sotani, H. Sugimoto, R. Suresh, J. Suzuki, T. Suzuki, T. Tagoshi, H. Takahashi, H Gravitational Wave Science Project National Astronomical Observatory of Japan 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka City Tokyo 181-8588 Japan Advanced Technology Center National Astronomical Observatory of Japan 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka City Tokyo 181-8588 Japan Department of Physics The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan Research Center for the Early Universe The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan Institute for Cosmic Ray Research KAGRA Observatory The University of Tokyo 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-Ha Kashiwa City Chiba 277-8582 Japan Accelerator Laboratory High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) 1-1 Oho Tsukuba City Ibaraki 305-0801 Japan Earthquake Research Institute The University of Tokyo 1-1-1 Yayoi Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0032 Japan Department of Mathematics and Physics Graduate School of Science and Technology Hirosaki University 3 Bunkyo-cho Hirosaki Aomori 036-8561 Japan Kamioka Branch National Astronomical Observatory of Japan 238 Higashi-Mozumi Kamioka-cho Hida City Gifu 506-1205 Japan The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI) 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka City Tokyo 181-8588 Japan Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information 245 Daehak-ro Yuseong-gu Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea National Institute for Mathematical Sciences 70 Yuseong-daero 1689 Beon-gil Yuseong-gu Daejeon 34047 Republic of Korea International College Osaka University 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho Toyonaka City Osaka 560-0043 Japan School of High Energy Accelerator Science The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI) 1-1 Oho Tsukuba City Ibaraki 305-0801 Japan Department of Astronomy Beijing Normal University Xinjiekouwai Street 19 Haidian District Beijing 100875 China Department of Applied Physics Fukuoka University 8-19-1 Nanakuma Jonan Fukuoka City Fukuoka 814-0180 Japan Department of Physics Tamkang University No. 151 Yingzhuan Road Danshui Dist. New Taipei City 25137 Taiwan Department of Physics

KAGRA, the underground and cryogenic gravitational-wave detector, was operated for its solo observation from February 25 to March 10, 2020, and its first joint observation with the GEO 600 detector from April 7 to April 21, 2020 (O3GK). This study presents an overview of the input optics systems of the KAGRA detector, which consist of various optical systems, such as a laser source, its intensity and frequency stabilization systems, modulators, a Faraday isolator, mode-matching telescopes, and a high-power beam dump. These optics were successfully delivered to the KAGRA interferometer and operated stably during the observations. The laser frequency noise was observed to limit the detector sensitivity above a few kilohertz, whereas the laser intensity did not significantly limit the detector sensitivity.

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Lattice kinetic scheme for the Navier-Stokes equations coupled with convection-diffusion equations

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Physical Review E 2018年第3期98卷 033308-033308页

作者： Liang Wang Weifeng Zhao Xiao-Dong Wang State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources North China Electric Power University Beijing 102206 China Research Center of Engineering Thermophysics North China Electric Power University Beijing 102206 China Key Laboratory of Condition Monitoring and Control for Power Plant Equipment of Ministry of Eduction North China Electric Power University Beijing 102206 China Department of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China

In this paper, we target two basic issues residing in some modified lattice kinetic schemes for the Navier-Stokes (NS) equations coupled with convection-diffusion equations (CDEs). First, a lattice Boltzmann (LB) model motivated by the lattice kinetic scheme (LKS) is presented for the NS equations coupled with CDEs. Due to the nonequilibrium schemes for the gradient terms contained in the equilibria as well as the discrete source term, the collision process of the present model can be implemented locally in both time and space. The Chapman-Enskog analysis shows that the macroscopic equations can be correctly recovered from the present model without additional assumptions. Second, we prove that the present modified LKS model, though written in the Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook (BGK) form, has two relaxation rates essentially. Based on this theoretical result, the modified lattice kinetic schemes in the literature should not be grouped as the BGK model, and the better numerical stability is intrinsically attributed to the adjustment of their two relaxation rates. Several benchmark thermal flow problems are simulated to validate the present model and the local nonequilibrium schemes for the shear rate and temperature gradient. The accuracy of the present model as well as its better numerical stability compared with the BGK model are verified, which supports our theoretical results. In addition, we also demonstrate that the regularized LB (RLB) model has two relaxation times as the present LKS model.

关键词： Convection Lattice-Boltzmann methods Navier-Stokes equation Rheology

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State-space model of an inverter-based micro-grid

State-space model of an inverter-based micro-grid

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International Conference on Intelligent Green Building and Smart Grid (IGBSG)

作者： Changbin Hu Yang Wang Shanna Luo Fudong Zhang College of Electrical and Control Engineering North China University of Technology Beijing China Collaborative Innovation Center of Key Energy Saving Technologies in Beijing Beijing China State Grid Hebei Electric Power Research Institute Registration Hebei China

In order to describe the micro-grid and its dynamic performance more accurately, the state space models for the micro-grid components and systems have been developed in this paper. Considering about the interaction between inverters and effectiveness of dynamic networks, the state-space model of micro-grid including parallel voltage-controlled inverters has been proposed. Droop control has been adopted in micro-grid to automatically share power and regulate output voltage of parallel voltage-controlled inverters (VCIs) in micro-grids. The dynamic characteristics of the sources, distribution lines and control have been integrated in the developed state space model. The model focus on the detail of the control loops of the inverter but not the switching actions. The state-space model of micro-grid has been verified using Matlab/Simulink simulations.

关键词： Inverters Voltage control State-space methods Current control Mathematical model Load modeling Active filters

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Population of Merging Compact Binaries Inferred Using Gravitational Waves through GWTC-3

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Physical Review X 2023年第1期13卷 011048-011048页

作者： R. Abbott T. D. Abbott F. Acernese K. Ackley C. Adams N. Adhikari R. X. Adhikari V. B. Adya C. Affeldt D. Agarwal M. Agathos K. Agatsuma N. Aggarwal O. D. Aguiar L. Aiello A. Ain P. Ajith T. Akutsu P. F. de Alarcón S. Akcay S. Albanesi A. Allocca P. A. Altin A. Amato C. Anand S. Anand A. Ananyeva S. B. Anderson W. G. Anderson M. Ando T. Andrade N. Andres T. Andrić S. V. Angelova S. Ansoldi J. M. Antelis S. Antier F. Antonini S. Appert Koji Arai Koya Arai Y. Arai S. Araki A. Araya M. C. Araya J. S. Areeda M. Arène N. Aritomi N. Arnaud M. Arogeti S. M. Aronson K. G. Arun H. Asada Y. Asali G. Ashton Y. Aso M. Assiduo S. M. Aston P. Astone F. Aubin C. Austin S. Babak F. Badaracco M. K. M. Bader C. Badger S. Bae Y. Bae A. M. Baer S. Bagnasco Y. Bai L. Baiotti J. Baird R. Bajpai M. Ball G. Ballardin S. W. Ballmer A. Balsamo G. Baltus S. Banagiri D. Bankar J. C. Barayoga C. Barbieri B. C. Barish D. Barker P. Barneo F. Barone B. Barr L. Barsotti M. Barsuglia D. Barta J. Bartlett M. A. Barton I. Bartos R. Bassiri A. Basti M. Bawaj J. C. Bayley A. C. Baylor M. Bazzan B. Bécsy V. M. Bedakihale M. Bejger I. Belahcene V. Benedetto D. Beniwal T. F. Bennett J. D. Bentley M. BenYaala F. Bergamin B. K. Berger S. Bernuzzi C. P. L. Berry D. Bersanetti A. Bertolini J. Betzwieser D. Beveridge R. Bhandare U. Bhardwaj D. Bhattacharjee S. Bhaumik I. A. Bilenko G. Billingsley S. Bini R. Birney O. Birnholtz S. Biscans M. Bischi S. Biscoveanu A. Bisht B. Biswas M. Bitossi M.-A. Bizouard J. K. Blackburn C. D. Blair D. G. Blair R. M. Blair F. Bobba N. Bode M. Boer G. Bogaert M. Boldrini L. D. Bonavena F. Bondu E. Bonilla R. Bonnand P. Booker B. A. Boom R. Bork V. Boschi N. Bose S. Bose V. Bossilkov V. Boudart Y. Bouffanais A. Bozzi C. Bradaschia P. R. Brady A. Bramley A. Branch M. Branchesi J. Brandt J. E. Brau M. Breschi T. Briant J. H. Briggs A. Brillet M. Brinkmann P. Brockill A. F. Brooks J. Brooks D. D. Brown S. Brunett G. Bruno R. Bruntz J. Bryant T. Bulik H. J. Bulten A. Buonanno R. Buscicchio D. Buskulic C. Buy R. L. Byer L. Cadonati LIGO Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena California 91125 USA Louisiana State University Baton Rouge Louisiana 70803 USA Dipartimento di Farmacia Università di Salerno I-84084 Fisciano Salerno Italy INFN Sezione di Napoli Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo I-80126 Napoli Italy OzGrav School of Physics & Astronomy Monash University Clayton 3800 Victoria Australia LIGO Livingston Observatory Livingston Louisiana 70754 USA University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Milwaukee Wisconsin 53201 USA OzGrav Australian National University Canberra Australian Capital Territory 0200 Australia Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute) D-30167 Hannover Germany Leibniz Universität Hannover D-30167 Hannover Germany Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics Pune 411007 India University of Cambridge Cambridge CB2 1TN United Kingdom Theoretisch-Physikalisches Institut Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena D-07743 Jena Germany University of Birmingham Birmingham B15 2TT United Kingdom Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration & Research in Astrophysics (CIERA) Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208 USA Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais 12227-010 São José dos Campos São Paulo Brazil Gravity Exploration Institute Cardiff University Cardiff CF24 3AA United Kingdom INFN Sezione di Pisa I-56127 Pisa Italy International Centre for Theoretical Sciences Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Bengaluru 560089 India Gravitational Wave Science Project National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ) Mitaka City Tokyo 181-8588 Japan Advanced Technology Center National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ) Mitaka City Tokyo 181-8588 Japan Universitat de les Illes Balears IAC3–IEEC E-07122 Palma de Mallorca Spain University College Dublin Dublin 4 Ireland INFN Sezione di Torino I-10125 Torino Italy Università di Napoli “Federico II” Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo I-80126 Napoli

We report on the population properties of compact binary mergers inferred from gravitational-wave observations of these systems during the first three LIGO-Virgo observing runs. The Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalog 3 (GWTC-3) contains signals consistent with three classes of binary mergers: binary black hole, binary neutron star, and neutron star–black hole mergers. We infer the binary neutron star merger rate to be between 10 and 1700 Gpc−3 yr−1 and the neutron star–black hole merger rate to be between 7.8 and 140 Gpc−3 yr−1, assuming a constant rate density in the comoving frame and taking the union of 90% credible intervals for methods used in this work. We infer the binary black hole merger rate, allowing for evolution with redshift, to be between 17.9 and 44 Gpc−3 yr−1 at a fiducial redshift (z=0.2). The rate of binary black hole mergers is observed to increase with redshift at a rate proportional to (1+z)κ with κ=2.9−1.8+1.7 for z≲1. Using both binary neutron star and neutron star–black hole binaries, we obtain a broad, relatively flat neutron star mass distribution extending from 1.2−0.2+0.1 to 2.0−0.3+0.3M⊙. We confidently determine that the merger rate as a function of mass sharply declines after the expected maximum neutron star mass, but cannot yet confirm or rule out the existence of a lower mass gap between neutron stars and black holes. We also find the binary black hole mass distribution has localized over- and underdensities relative to a power-law distribution, with peaks emerging at chirp masses of 8.3−0.5+0.3 and 27.9−1.8+1.9M⊙. While we continue to find that the mass distribution of a binary’s more massive component strongly decreases as a function of primary mass, we observe no evidence of a strongly suppressed merger rate above approximately 60M⊙, which would indicate the presence of a upper mass gap. Observed black hole spins are small, with half of spin magnitudes below χi≈0.25. While the majority of spins are preferentially aligned wi

关键词： Gravitational wave sources Gravitational waves Gravitational wave detection

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control and experiment of modular multilevel converter with tuned filters for wide frequency range operation

Control and experiment of modular multilevel converter with ...

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Annual Conference of Industrial Electronics Society

作者： Jun Min Qianming Xu An Luo Fujun Ma Zhixing He Yufei Yue Leming Zhou Yu Liang National Electric Power Conversion and Control Engineering Technology Research Center Hunan University Changsha China State Grid Beijing Electric Power Company Beijing China

As the fluctuation of sub-module capacitance voltage when MMC operates at low frequency, the application of MMC in the field of motor drive has been limited. Therefore, this paper proposes a low frequency control method for the MMC with tuned filter circuit. Based on the theoretical analysis for this tuned filter, the circulating current of 2 nd frequency could be suppressed effectively at rated frequency. The tuned filter also enables the minimum voltage that is adopted to control high frequency circulating current at low frequency by feasible parameters. In addition, design of circulating current controller is simplified, because the high frequency circulating current with mixed and variable frequency is no longer needed in this strategy. Zero-error tracking to the hybrid reference current is achieved by proportional integral resonant (PIR) control. Finally, the accuracy of analysis and effectiveness of proposed strategy are proved by a prototype experiment.

关键词： Resonant frequency Capacitors Bridge circuits RLC circuits Voltage control Fluctuations

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A fast robust PWM method for photovoltaic grid-connected inverter

A fast robust PWM method for photovoltaic grid-connected inv...

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Annual Conference of Industrial Electronics Society

作者： Ling Yang An Luo Yandong Chen Kunshan Huai Leming Zhou Xiaoping Zhou Wenhua Wu Wenjuan Tan Zhiwei Xie National Electric Power Conversion and Control Engineering Technology Research Center Hunan University Changsha China

In photovoltaic grid-connected inverter based on the deadbeat current control, the filter inductance variation and one-step-delay control affect the distortion of the grid current, stability and dynamic of the system. In this paper, a fast robust PWM method for photovoltaic grid-connected inverter is proposed, which reduces the distortion of the grid current caused by the filter inductance variation, effectively solves the delay of the one-step-delay control, and improves the stability and dynamic response speed of the system. Considering the parasitic resistance of the filter inductance and the line equivalent resistance, the influence of the filter inductance deviation coefficient on the system performance is analyzed, and the appropriate control parameter range is given. Simulation and experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.

关键词： Inductance Pulse width modulation Inverters Robustness Photovoltaic systems Delays

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Two Frequency-Bandwidths Real-Time Sensitive Inverter-Current-Feedback control for LCL-Type DG Systems Connected to weak grid

Two Frequency-Bandwidths Real-Time Sensitive Inverter-Curren...

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Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society

作者： Leming Zhou An Luo Yandong Chen Xiaoping Zhou Ling Yang Wenhua Wu Zhixing He Zhiwei Xie Aoyang Liu National Electric Power Conversion and Control Engineering Technology Research Center Hunan University Changsha China

For LCL-type distributed generation (DG) systems connected to weak grid, a novel two frequency-bandwidths real-time sensitive inverter-current-feedback (TFBRTS-ICF) control method is proposed to enhance the system reliability and robustness, which mainly includes the synchronous reference frame quasi-proportional-integral (SRFQPI) control, un-attenuated inverter-current-feedback active damping (UICFAD) control, and high-sensitivity real-time PWM algorithm. The SRFQPI control can compensate reactive power, and regulate the instantaneous current without steady-state error regardless of the fundamental frequency fluctuation. The UICFAD control can suppress the LCL-resonance peak well without requiring additional sensors. The proposed PWM algorithm can solve the robust problem of the UICFAD controller against grid-impedance variation through removing the computation delay. Meanwhile, the proposed PWM algorithm can achieve a full range of duty-ratio between 0～1 and offer half of switching period for the inverter-current sampling and the duty-ratio calculating, which is easy to implement using a digital micro-controller. Experimental results confirm the theoretical expectations and the effectiveness of the proposed method.

关键词： TV Frequency control Frequency conversion Real-time systems power systems control engineering

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An instantaneous reactive current detection method based on voltage individual-phase synchronization for unbalanced loads

An instantaneous reactive current detection method based on ...

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Annual Conference of Industrial Electronics Society

作者： Sheng Xu Wu Cao Pengyu Wang Taizhou Electric Power Conversion and Control Engineering Technology Research Center Taizhou University Taizhou China College of Electrical Engineering Southeast University Nanjing China

Nowadays, the instantaneous reactive current detection method is widely used due to its real time characteristic. However, it is difficult for it to realize the individual-phase detection of three-phase unbalanced reactive currents. Therefore, an improved instantaneous reactive current detection method is presented in this paper for arbitrary three-phase loads. In the light of this novel strategy, for the reactive current detection of any phase, the voltage of this phase is set as the synchronous reference. The theoretical analysis and simulation results show that, with the proposed method, the three-phase instantaneous reactive currents of unbalanced loads can be individual-phase detected accurately.

关键词： Three-dimensional displays

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