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arXiv 2023年

作者： Zheng, Yaozong Zhong, Bineng Liang, Qihua Li, Guorong Ji, Rongrong Li, Xianxian The Key Laboratory of Education Blockchain and Intelligent Technology Ministry of Education Guangxi Normal University Guilin541004 China The Guangxi Key Laboratory of Multi-Source Information Mining and Security Guangxi Normal University Guilin541004 China The School of Computer Science and Technology Key Laboratory of Big Data Mining and Knowledge Management University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China Media Analytics and Computing Lab Department of Artificial Intelligence School of Informatics Xiamen University 361005 China

In this paper, we present a simple, flexible and effective vision-language (VL) tracking pipeline, termed MMTrack, which casts VL tracking as a token generation task. Traditional paradigms address VL tracking task indirectly with sophisticated prior designs, making them over-specialize on the features of specific architectures or mechanisms. In contrast, our proposed framework serializes language description and bounding box into a sequence of discrete tokens. In this new design paradigm, all token queries are required to perceive the desired target and directly predict spatial coordinates of the target in an auto-regressive manner. The design without other prior modules avoids multiple sub-tasks learning and hand-designed loss functions, significantly reducing the complexity of VL tracking modeling and allowing our tracker to use a simple cross-entropy loss as unified optimization objective for VL tracking task. Extensive experiments on TNL2K, LaSOT, LaSOText and OTB99-Lang benchmarks show that our approach achieves promising results, compared to other state-of-the-arts. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Modeling languages

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Protein Structure Prediction Using A New Optimization-Based Evolutionary and Explainable Artificial intelligence Approach

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IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation 2024年 1-1页

作者： Hong, Jun Zhan, Zhi-Hui He, Langchong Xu, Zongben Zhang, Jun School of Computer Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou P. R. China Health Science Center School of Pharmacy Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an P. R. China National Engineering Laboratory for Big Data Analytics Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an P. R. China College of Artificial Intelligence Nankai University Tianjin P. R. China

Protein structure prediction (PSP) is an important scientific problem because it helps humans to understand how proteins perform their biological functions. This paper models the PSP problem as a multi-objective optimization problem with three fast and accurate knowledge-based energy functions. This way, using evolutionary computation (EC)-based artificial intelligence (AI) approach to solve this multi-objective PSP problem to find the optimal structure is explainable. Considering that the multiple populations for multiple objectives (MPMO) framework shows efficient performance in solving lots of multi-objective benchmarks and real-world problems, this paper proposes a new AI approach named improved MPMO-based differential evolution (IMPMO-DE) to solve the multi-objective PSP problem. To our best knowledge, this is the first time that MPMO is applied to PSP, with three novel strategies. First, an adaptive archive-based mutation strategy is proposed to better balance the exploration and exploitation abilities by adaptively using different archive-based mutation operators in different evolutionary stages. Second, a mixed individual transfer strategy is proposed to share search information among the multiple populations to accelerate the convergence speed. Third, an evolvable archive update strategy is proposed to generate more promising solutions through evolving the archived solutions. IMPMO-DE is tested on 28 representative proteins and all the available template-free modeling proteins up to 404 residues in the famous Critical Assessment of Protein Structure Prediction (CASP14) competition. Experimental results show that IMPMO-DE performs better than the compared state-of-the-art EC-based PSP methods and ranks above average compared with all the CASP14 competitors. More importantly, IMPMO-DE is a new efficient AI approach that opens a promising optimization-based evolutionary and explainable way for efficient PSP rather than deep learning approaches like AlphaFold2,

关键词： Evolutionary algorithms

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Weakly supervised learning for textbook question answering

TechRxiv

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TechRxiv 2021年

作者： Ma, Jie Chai, Qi Huang, Jingyue Liu, Jun You, Yang Zheng, Qinghua National Engineering Lab for Big Data Analytics School of Computer Science and Technology Xi’an Jiaotong University Shaanxi Xi’an710049 China Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Satellite and Terrestrial Network Tech. R&D School of Computer Science and Technology Xi’an Jiaotong University Shaanxi Xi’an710049 China The High Performance Computing for Artificial intelligence Lab Department of Computer Science National University of Singapore 117417 Singapore

Textbook Question Answering (TQA) is the task of answering diagram and non-diagram questions given large multimodal contexts consisting of abundant text and diagrams. Deep text understandings and effective learning of diagram semantics are important for this task due to its specificity. In this paper, we propose a Weakly Supervised learning method for TQA (WSTQ), which regards the incompletely accurate results of essential intermediate procedures for this task as supervision to develop Text Matching (TM) and Relation Detection (RD) tasks and then employs the tasks to motivate itself to learn strong text comprehension and excellent diagram semantics respectively. Specifically, we apply the result of text retrieval to build positive as well as negative text pairs. In order to learn deep text understandings, we first pre-train the text understanding module of WSTQ on TM and then fine-tune it on TQA. We build positive as well as negative relation pairs by checking whether there is any overlap between the items/regions detected from diagrams using object detection. The RD task forces our method to learn the relationships between regions, which are crucial to express the diagram semantics. We train WSTQ on RD and TQA simultaneously, i.e., multitask learning, to obtain effective diagram semantics and then improve the TQA performance. Extensive experiments are carried out on CK12-QA and AI2D to verify the effectiveness of WSTQ. Experimental results show that our method achieves significant accuracy improvements of 5.02% and 4.12% on test splits of the above datasets respectively than the current state-of-the-art baseline. We have released our code on https://***/dr-majie/WSTQ. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Semantics

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Federated Learning-Based Intelligent Indoor Smoke and Fire Detection System for Smart Buildings

Federated Learning-Based Intelligent Indoor Smoke and Fire D...

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Telecommunications and Intelligent Systems (ICTIS), International Conference on

作者： Mohamed Rafik Aymene Berkani Ammar Chouchane Yassine Himeur Anes Abdennebi Seref Sagiroglu Abbes Amira Research Laboratory in Advanced Electronics Systems (LSEA) University Yahia Fares of Medea Medea Algeria Laboratory of LI3C University Biskra University Center of Barika Barika Algeria College of Engineering and Information Technology University of Dubai Dubai United Arab Emirates Software and Information Technology Engineering École de Technologie Supérieure Montréal Canada Artificial Intelligence and Big Data Analytics Security R&D Center Gazi University Ankara Turkey Department of Computer Science University of Sharjah Sharjah United Arab Emirates

ISBN: (数字)9798331527396

ISBN: (纸本)9798331527402

Ensuring safety in smart buildings is crucial due to the increasing prevalence of smoke and fire hazards in modern environments. This paper introduces a novel privacy-preserving FL approach based on a CNN1D for smoke and fire detection in smart buildings. Our system integrates data from wearable environmental sensors to train a lightweight, edge-deployable DL-CNN1D model, ensuring data privacy while enabling collaborative learning across distributed clients using Federated Averaging (FedAvg) aggregation. Experiments conducted on a comprehensive air measurement dataset for smoke and fire detection demonstrate exceptional performance, with the global model achieving 99.97% accuracy, 99.96% precision, in smoke and fire recognition. Our model demonstrates a low communication cost of 0.4 MB, underscoring its efficiency for real-time applications. Our FL-based approach represents a significant step towards balancing the need for robust safety systems with growing privacy concerns in smart building environments.

关键词： Privacy Smart buildings Costs Federated learning Atmospheric modeling data models Convolutional neural networks Wearable sensors Monitoring Intelligent sensors

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Utilization of machine learning and neural networks to optimize the enclosure angle, magnetic field, and radiation parameter for mixed convection of hybrid nanofluid flow next to assess environmental impact

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Engineering Analysis with Boundary Elements 2023年 146卷 252-262页

作者： Tao Hai Hayder A. Dhahad Masood Ashraf Ali Vishal Goyal Sattam Fahad Almojil Abdulaziz Ibrahim Almohana Abdulrhman Fahmi Alali Khaled Twfiq Almoalimi Farah Qasim Ahmed Alyousuf School of Computer and Information Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities Duyun Guizhou 558000 China Key Laboratory of Complex Systems and Intelligent Optimization of Guizhou Duyun Guizhou 558000 China Institute for Big Data Analytics and Artificial Intelligence (IBDAAI) Universiti Teknologi MARA Shah Alam Selangor 40450 Malaysia Mechanical Engineering Department University of Technology Baghdad Iraq Department of Industrial Engineering College of Engineering Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University Alkharj 16273 Saudi Arabia Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering GLA University Mathura India Department of Civil Engineering College of Engineering King Saud University P.O. Box 800 Riyadh 11421 Saudi Arabia Department of Information Technology College of Engineering and Computer Science Lebanese French University Kurdistan Region Iraq

This paper examines the mixed convective heat transfer (HTR) of nanofluid (NFD) flow in a rectangular enclosure with the upper moving wall numerically. The lower wall has a high temperature and a number of semi-circular obstacles with the same temperature are installed on it. The upper moving wall has a low temperature and the other two walls are insulated. The enclosure can change from horizontal to vertical. Radiation HTR is considered in the enclosure and there is a magnetic field (MGF) that can change the angle from horizontal to vertical affecting the NFD. This study is carried out for different angles of the enclosure and MGF from horizontal to vertical for radiation parameters (RDP) of 0 to 3 and a constant MGF with Hartmann number of 20 and Richardson number of 10. The aim is to estimate the Nusselt number (Nu), entropy generation (ETG), and Bejan number (Be). The SIMPLE algorithm is utilized using FORTRAN software, and optimization is done using artificial intelligence to find the maximum and minimum output values. The results demonstrate that the maximum value of Nu and Bes corresponds to the MGF angle and enclosure angle of 90°. The minimum value of the Nu and the maximum amount of ETG corresponds to the horizontal MGF and horizontal enclosure when the RDP is 1.5. An increment in the RDP enhances the amount of Nu. The maximum amount of ETG, i.e. 12.87, corresponds to the enclosure with an angle of 45° for the horizontal MGF and the absence of RDP. corresponds to the enclosure with an angle of 45° for the horizontal MGF and the absence of RDP. It was also found that most environmental impacts, and hence values for different environmental factors, arise from the production of nanoparticles; thus, it is a significant contributor to environmental impacts.

关键词： Machine learning Entropy generation Numerical calculations Convection Nanofluid

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An integrated GIS-based multivariate adaptive regression splines-cat swarm optimization for improving the accuracy of wildfire susceptibility mapping

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Geocarto International 2023年第1期38卷

作者： Hai, Tao Theruvil Sayed, Biju Majdi, Ali Zhou, Jincheng Sagban, Rafid Band, Shahab S. Mosavi, Amir School of Computer and Information Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities Guizhou Duyun China Key Laboratory of Complex Systems and Intelligent Optimization of Guizhou Guizhou Duyun China Institute for Big Data Analytics and Artificial Intelligence (IBDAAI) Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor Shah Alam Malaysia Department of Computer Science Dhofar University Salalah Oman Department of Building and Construction Technologies Engineering Al-Mustaqbal University College Hilla Iraq Department of Computer Technology Engineering Technical Engineering College Al-Ayen University Thi-Qar Iraq Future Technology Research Center National Yunlin University of Science and Technology Yunlin Douliou Taiwan John von Neumann Faculty of Informatics Obuda University Budapest Hungary German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence Oldenburg Germany Institute of the Information Society University of Public Service Budapest Hungary

A hybrid machine learning method is proposed for wildfire susceptibility mapping. For modeling a geographical information system (GIS) database including 11 influencing factors and 262 fire locations from 2013 to 2018 is used for developing an integrated multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS). The cat swarm optimization (CSO) algorithm tunes the parameters of the MARS in order to generate accurate susceptibility maps. From the Pearson correlation results, it is observed that land use, temperature, and slope angle have strong correlation with the fire severity. The results demonstrate that the prediction capability of the MARS-CSO model outperforms model tree, reduced error pruning tree and MARS. The resulting wildfire risk map using MARS-CSO reveals that 20% of the study areas is categorized in the very low wildfire risk class, whereas 40% is under the very high class of fire hazard. © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

关键词： artificial intelligence cat swarm optimization geospatial machine learning natural hazard Wildfire susceptibility

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Early reduction in albuminuria is associated with a steeper 'dip' in initial estimated glomerular filtration rate but favourable long-term kidney outcomes in people with diabetes receiving sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors

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Diabetes, obesity & metabolism 2024年第9期26卷 3868-3879页

作者： Yi-Wei Kao Kun-Chi Yen Shao-Wei Chen Tze-Fan Chao Yi-Hsin Chan Department of Applied Statistics and Information Science Ming Chuan University Taoyuan City Taiwan. Artificial Intelligence Development Center Fu Jen Catholic University Taipei Taiwan. The Cardiovascular Department Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Taoyuan Taiwan. College of Medicine Chang Gung University Taoyuan Taiwan. Division of Cardiology Department of Medicine Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei Taiwan. Institute of Clinical Medicine Cardiovascular Research Center National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei Taiwan. Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Department of Surgery Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center Chang Gung University Taoyuan City Taiwan. Center for Big Data Analytics and Statistics Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Taoyuan Taiwan. School of Traditional Chinese Medicine College of Medicine Chang-Gung University Taoyuan City Taiwan. Microscopy Core Laboratory Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Taoyuan Taiwan.

AIM:To assess if early change in albuminuria was linked to an initial change in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and long-term kidney outcomes in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) receiving sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors. METHODS:Using a medical database from a multicentre healthcare institute in Taiwan, we retrospectively enrolled 8310 people receiving SGLT2 inhibitors from 1 June 2016 to 31 December 2021. We compared the risks of initial eGFR decline, major adverse renal events (MARE; >50% eGFR reduction or development of end-stage kidney disease), major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), or hospitalization for heart failure (HHF) using a Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS:In all, 36.8% (n = 3062) experienced a >30% decrease, 21.0% (n = 1743) experienced a 0%-30% decrease, 14.4% (n = 1199) experienced a 0%-30% increase, and 27.7% (n = 2306) experienced a >30% increase in urine albumin-to-creatine ratio (UACR) after 3 months of SGLT2 inhibitor treatment. Greater acute eGFR decline at 3 months correlated with greater UACR reduction: -3.6 ± 10.9, -2.0 ± 9.5, -1.1 ± 8.6, and -0.3 ± 9.7 mL/min/1.73 m for the respective UACR change groups (p < 0.001). Over a median of 29.0 months, >30% UACR decline was associated with a higher risk of >30% initial eGFR decline (hazard ratio [HR] 2.68, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.61-4.47]), a lower risk of MARE (HR 0.66, 95% CI 0.48-0.89), and a comparable risk of MACE or HHF after multivariate adjustment (p < 0.05). The nonlinear analysis showed early UACR decline was linked to a lower risk of MARE but a higher risk of initial steep eGFR decline of >30%. CONCLUSION:Physicians should be vigilant for the potential adverse effects of abrupt eGFR dipping associated with a profound reduction in UACR, despite the favourable long-term kidney outcomes in the population with T2D receiving SGLT2 inhibitor treatment.

关键词： estimated glomerular filtration rate sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitor type 2 diabetes mellitus urine albumin‐to‐creatinine ratio

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Redefining pandemic preparedness:Multidisciplinary insights from the CERP modelling workshop in infectious diseases,workshop report

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2024年第2期9卷 501-518页

作者： Marta C.Nunes Edward Thommes Holger Fröhlich Antoine Flahault Julien Arino Marc Baguelin Matthew biggerstaff Gaston Bizel-Bizellot Rebecca Borchering Giacomo Cacciapaglia Simon Cauchemez Alex Barbier-Chebbah Carsten Claussen Christine Choirat Monica Cojocaru Catherine Commaille-Chapus Chitin Hon Jude Kong Nicolas Lambert Katharina B.Lauer Thorsten Lehr Cédric Mahe Vincent Marechal Adel Mebarki Seyed Moghadas Rene Niehus Lulla Opatowski Francesco Parino Gery Pruvost Andreas Schuppert Rodolphe Thiébaut Andrea Thomas-Bachli Cecile Viboud Jianhong Wu Pascal Crépey Laurent Coudeville Center of Excellence in Respiratory Pathogens(CERP) Hospices Civils de Lyon(HCL)and Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie(CIRI)Équipe SantéPubliqueÉpidémiologie etÉcologieÉvolutive des Maladies Infectieuses(PHE3ID)Inserm U1111CNRS UMR5308ENS de LyonUniversitéClaude Bernard Lyon 1LyonFrance South African Medical Research Council Vaccines&Infectious Diseases Analytics Research UnitFaculty of Health SciencesUniversity of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa New Products and Innovation(NPI) Sanofi Vaccines(Global)TorontoOntarioCanada Department of Mathematics and Statistics University of GuelphGuelphOntarioCanada Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing(SCAI) Department of BioinformaticsSchloss BirlinghovenSankt AugustinGermany University of Bonn Bonn-Aachen International Center for IT(b-it)BonnGermany Institute of Global Health Faculty of MedicineUniversity of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland and Swiss School of Public HealthZürichSwitzerland Department of Mathematics University of ManitobaWinnipegManitobaCanada MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis School of Public HealthImperial College LondonLondonUK Centre for Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases Department of Infectious Disease EpidemiologyLondon School of Hygiene&Tropical MedicineLondonUK National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases(NCIRD) US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC)AtlantaGAUSA Departement of Computational Biology Departement of Global HealthInstitut PasteurParisFrance Institut de Physique des Deux Infinis de Lyon(IP2I) UMR5822IN2P3/CNRSUniversitéClaude Bernard Lyon 1VilleurbanneFrance Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases Unit Institut PasteurUniversitéParis CitéUMR2000 CNRSParisFrance Decision and Bayesian Computation Institut PasteurUniversitéParis CitéCNRS UMR 3571France Fraunhofer-Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology HamburgGermany Institute of Global Health Faculty of MedicineUniversity of

In July 2023,the Center of Excellence in Respiratory Pathogens organized a two-day workshop on infectious diseases modelling and the lessons learnt from the Covid-19 *** report summarizes the rich discussions that occurred during the *** workshop participants discussed multisource data integration and highlighted the benefits of combining traditional surveillance with more novel data sources like mobility data,social media,and wastewater *** advancements were noted in the development of predictive models,with examples from various countries showcasing the use of machine learning and artificial intelligence in detecting and monitoring disease *** role of open collaboration between various stakeholders in modelling was stressed,advocating for the continuation of such partnerships beyond the pandemic.A major gap identified was the absence of a common international framework for data sharing,which is crucial for global pandemic ***,the workshop underscored the need for robust,adaptable modelling frameworks and the integration of different data sources and collaboration across sectors,as key elements in enhancing future pandemic response and preparedness.

关键词： Modelling Covid-19 Infectious diseases Pandemic preparedness Workshop

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-Neural network-based optimization of hydrogen fuel production energy system with proton exchange electrolyzer supported nanomaterial

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Fuel 2023年 332卷

作者： Hai, Tao Hikmat Hama Aziz, Kosar Zhou, Jincheng Dhahad, Hayder A. Sharma, Kamal Fahad Almojil, Sattam Ibrahim Almohana, Abdulaziz Fahmi Alali, Abdulrhman Ismail Kh, Teeba Mehrez, Sadok Abdelrahman, Anas School of Computer and Information Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities Guizhou Duyun 558000 China Key Laboratory of Complex Systems and Intelligent Optimization of Guizhou Guizhou Duyun 558000 China nstitute for Big Data Analytics and Artificial Intelligence (IBDAAI) Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor Shah Alam 40450 Malaysia Department of Chemistry College of Science University of Sulaimani Qlyasan Street Kurdistan Region 46001 Iraq Department of Medical Laboratory of Science College of Health Sciences University of Human Development Sulaimaniyah Iraq Mechanical Engineering Department University of Technology Baghdad Iraq Institute of Engineering and Technology GLA University Uttar Pradesh Mathura 281406 India Department of Civil Engineering College of Engineering King Saud University P.O. Box 800 Riyadh 11421 Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Engineering College of Engineering and Computer Science Lebanese French University Kurdistan Region Iraq Department of Mechanical Engineering College of Engineering at Al Kharj Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University 16273 Saudi Arabia Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Tunis El Manar ENIT BP 37 Le Belvédère Tunis 1002 Tunisia Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering & Technology Future University in Egypt New Cairo 11500 Tunisia Key Laboratory of Complex Systems and Intelligent Optimization of Qiannan Duyun 558000 China

In this research, we try to investigate a solar-geothermal energy system. This system includes three turbines for power production, a PEM electrolyzer for hydrogen production, and a thermoelectric for generating electricity from excess heat. In addition, the seawater will be passed through the osmotic cycle to gain fresh water. The required power for this osmotic cycle will be obtained through the energy produced by the main turbines. The generated load, hydrogen production flow rate, purified water flow rate, and heating consumption are assessed in this study. The results showed that this system can produce 3.8 megawatts of electricity as well as 8 g per second of hydrogen fuel at the operating point. Also, the energy efficiency of this system is estimated to be 19%. Afterward, machine learning methods are used to optimize designing parameters, and the optimum operating point in terms of useful power and stored fuel flow rate is obtained by a genetic algorithm. The optimum operating point of this energy system has a useful power output of 4.099 megawatts and a hydrogen flow rate of 29 g per second. In the end, the distribution of the design parameters is displayed for points of the beam curve. © 2022

关键词： Biofuel Electrolyzer Fuel production Hydrogen fuel Optimization Solar energy

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Biomedical image analysis competitions: The state of current participation practice

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Eisenmann, Matthias Reinke, Annika Weru, Vivienn Tizabi, Minu Dietlinde Isensee, Fabian Adler, Tim J. Godau, Patrick Cheplygina, Veronika Kozubek, Michal Maier-Hein, Klaus Jäger, Paul F. Kopp-Schneider, Annette Maier-Hein, Lena Ali, Sharib Gupta, Anubha Kybic, Jan Noble, Alison de Solórzano, Carlos Ortiz Pachade, Samiksha Petitjean, Caroline Sage, Daniel Wei, Donglai Wilden, Elizabeth Alapatt, Deepak Andrearczyk, Vincent Baid, Ujjwal Bakas, Spyridon Balu, Niranjan Bano, Sophia Bawa, Vivek Singh Bernal, Jorge Bodenstedt, Sebastian Casella, Alessandro Choi, Jinwook Commowick, Olivier Daum, Marie Depeursinge, Adrien Dorent, Reuben Egger, Jan Eichhorn, Hannah Engelhardt, Sandy Ganz, Melanie Girard, Gabriel Hansen, Lasse Heinrich, Mattias Heller, Nicholas Hering, Alessa Huaulmé, Arnaud Kim, Hyunjeong Li, Hongwei Bran Landman, Bennett Li, Jianning Ma, Jun Martel, Anne Martín-Isla, Carlos Menze, Bjoern Nwoye, Chinedu Innocent Oreiller, Valentin Padoy, Nicolas Pati, Sarthak Payette, Kelly Sudre, Carole van Wijnen, Kimberlin Vardazaryan, Armine Vercauteren, Tom Wagner, Martin Wang, Chuanbo Yap, Moi Hoon Yu, Zeyun Yuan, Chun Zenk, Maximilian Zia, Aneeq Zimmerer, David Bao, Rina Choi, Chanyeol Cohen, Andrew Dzyubachyk, Oleh Galdran, Adrian Gan, Tianyuan Guo, Tianqi Gupta, Pradyumna Haithami, Mahmood Ho, Edward Jang, Ikbeom Li, Zhili Luo, Zhengbo Lux, Filip Makrogiannis, Sokratis Müller, Dominik Oh, Young-Tack Pang, Subeen Pape, Constantin Polat, Gorkem Reed, Charlotte Rosalie Ryu, Kanghyun Scherr, Tim Thambawita, Vajira Wang, Haoyu Wang, Xinliang Xu, Kele Yeh, Hung Yeo, Doyeob Yuan, Yixuan Zeng, Yan Zhao, Xin Abbing, Julian Adam, Jannes Adluru, Nagesh Agethen, Niklas Ahmed, Salman Al Khalil, Yasmina Alenyà, Mireia Alhoniemi, Esa An, Chengyang Arega, Tewodros Weldebirhan Avisdris, Netanell Aydogan, Dogu Baran Bai, Yingbin Calisto, Maria Baldeon Basaran, Berke Doga Beetz, Marcel Bian, Hao Blansit, Kevin Bloch, Louise Bohnsack, Robert Bosticardo, Sara Breen, Jack Brudfors, Mikael Brüngel, Raphael Cabezas, Mariano Cacciola, Alb Heidelberg Division of Intelligent Medical Systems Germany Heidelberg HI Helmholtz Imaging Germany Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science Heidelberg University Heidelberg Germany Heidelberg Division of Biostatistics Germany Heidelberg Division of Medical Image Computing Germany Heidelberg HI Applied Vision Lab Germany IT University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark Centre for Biomedical Image Analysis Masaryk University Brno Czech Republic Heidelberg Interactive Machine Learning Group Germany Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science and Medical Faculty Heidelberg University Heidelberg Germany NCT Heidelberg DKFZ University Hospital Heidelberg Germany School of Computing University of Leeds Leeds United Kingdom SBILab Department of ECE IIIT-Delhi India Faculty of Electrical Engineering Czech Technical University Prague Czech Republic Institute of Biomedical Engineering University of Oxford United Kingdom Center for Applied Medical Research Pamplona Spain Shri Guru Gobind Singhji Institute of Engineering and Technology Maharashtra Nanded India Université de Rouen Normandie France Lausanne Switzerland School of Engineering and Applied Science Harvard University United States ICube University of Strasbourg CNRS France Institute of Informatics School of Management HES-SO Valais-Wallis University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland Techno-Pôle 3 Sierre3960 Switzerland Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Lausanne University Hospital Rue du Bugnon 46 LausanneCH-1011 Switzerland University of Pennsylvania PhiladelphiaPA United States Department of Radiology University of Washington United States Wellcome EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences University College London London United Kingdom Visual Artificial Intelligence Lab Oxford Brookes University Oxford United Kingdom Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona & Computer Vision Center Spain Dresden Fetscherstraße 74 PF 64 Dresden01307 Germany

The number of international benchmarking competitions is steadily increasing in various fields of machine learning (ML) research and practice. So far, however, little is known about the common practice as well as bottlenecks faced by the community in tackling the research questions posed. To shed light on the status quo of algorithm development in the specific field of biomedical imaging analysis, we designed an international survey that was issued to all participants of challenges conducted in conjunction with the IEEE ISBI 2021 and MICCAI 2021 conferences (80 competitions in total). The survey covered participants' expertise and working environments, their chosen strategies, as well as algorithm characteristics. A median of 72% challenge participants took part in the survey. According to our results, knowledge exchange was the primary incentive (70%) for participation, while the reception of prize money played only a minor role (16%). While a median of 80 working hours was spent on method development, a large portion of participants stated that they did not have enough time for method development (32%). 25% perceived the infrastructure to be a bottleneck. Overall, 94% of all solutions were deep learning-based. Of these, 84% were based on standard architectures. 43% of the respondents reported that the data samples (e.g., images) were too large to be processed at once. This was most commonly addressed by patch-based training (69%), downsampling (37%), and solving 3D analysis tasks as a series of 2D tasks. K-fold cross-validation on the training set was performed by only 37% of the participants and only 50% of the participants performed ensembling based on multiple identical models (61%) or heterogeneous models (39%). 48% of the respondents applied postprocessing steps. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Benchmarking

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