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RailPC: A large-scale railway point cloud semantic segmentation dataset

CAAI Transactions on Intelligence Technology 2024年第6期9卷 1548-1560页

作者： Tengping Jiang Shiwei Li Qinyu Zhang Guangshuai Wang Zequn Zhang Fankun Zeng Peng An Xin Jin Shan Liu Yongjun Wang Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application Nanjing Normal UniversityNanjingChina Technology Innovation Center for Integrated Applications in Remote Sensing and Navigation Ministry of Natural ResourcesNanjingChina Eastern Institute of Technology(EIT) NingboChina Tianjin Key Laboratory of Rail Transit Navigation Positioning and Spatio-temporal Big Data Technology TianjinChina College of Computer Science and Engineering Northwest Normal UniversityLanzhouChina Mckelvey School of Engineering Washington University in St.LouisSt.LouisMissouriUSA School of Electronic and Information Engineering Ningbo University of TechnologyNingboChina

Semantic segmentation in the context of 3D point clouds for the railway environment holds a significant economic value,but its development is severely hindered by the lack of suitable and specific ***,the models trained on existing urban road point cloud datasets demonstrate poor generalisation on railway data due to a large domain gap caused by non-overlapping special/rare categories,for example,rail track,track bed *** harness the potential of supervised learning methods in the domain of 3D railway semantic segmentation,we introduce RailPC,a new point cloud *** provides a large-scale dataset with rich annotations for semantic segmentation in the railway ***,RailPC contains twice the number of annotated points compared to the largest available mobile laser scanning(MLS)point cloud dataset and is the first railway-specific 3D dataset for semantic *** covers a total of nearly 25 km railway in two different scenes(urban and mountain),with 3 billion points that are finely labelled as 16 most typical classes with respect to railway,and the data acquisition process is completed in China by MLS *** extensive experimentation,we evaluate the performance of advanced scene understanding methods on the annotated dataset and present a synthetic analysis of semantic segmentation *** on our findings,we establish some critical challenges towards railway-scale point cloud semantic *** dataset is available at https://***/NNU-GISA/GISA-RailPC,and we will continuously update it based on community feedback.

关键词： data benchmark MLS point clouds railway scene semantic segmentation

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WSpeller: Robust Word Segmentation for Enhancing Chinese Spelling Check

WSpeller: Robust Word Segmentation for Enhancing Chinese Spe...

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2022 Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2022

作者： Li, Fangfang Shan, Youran Duan, Junwen Mao, Xingliang Huang, MinLie School of Computer Science and Engineering Central South University China Institute of Big Data and Internet Innovation Hunan University of Technology and Business China Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology Tsinghua University China

Chinese spelling check (CSC) detects and corrects spelling errors in Chinese texts. Previous approaches have combined character-level phonetic and graphic information, ignoring the importance of segment-level information. According to our pilot study, spelling errors are always associated with incorrect word segmentation. When appropriate word boundaries are provided, CSC performance is greatly enhanced. Based on these findings, we present WSpeller, a CSC model that takes into account word segmentation. A fundamental component of WSpeller is a W-MLM, which is trained by predicting visually and phonetically similar words. Through modification of the embedding layer's input, word segmentation information can be incorporated. Additionally, a robust module is trained to assist the W-MLM-based correction module by predicting the correct word segmentations from sentences containing spelling errors. We evaluate WSpeller on the widely used benchmark datasets SIGHAN13, SIGHAN14, and SIGHAN15. Our model is superior to state-of-the-art baselines on SIGHAN13 and SIGHAN15 and maintains equal performance on SIGHAN14. © 2022 Association for Computational Linguistics.

关键词： Errors

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SELF-Clustering Graph Transformer Approach to Model Resting State Functional Brain Activity 22

SELF-Clustering Graph Transformer Approach to Model Resting ...

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22nd IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging, ISBI 2025

作者： Thapaliya, Bishal Akbas, Esra Sapkota, Ram Ray, Bhaskar Calhoun, Vince Liu, Jingyu Georgia State University Department of Computer Science Atlanta United States Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science United States School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798331520526

Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) offers valuable insights into the human brain's functional organization and is a powerful tool for investigating the relationship between brain function and cognitive processes as it allows for the functional organization of the brain to be captured without relying on a specific task or stimuli. In this study, we introduce a novel attention mechanism for graphs with subnetworks, named Self Clustering Graph Transformer (SCGT), designed to handle the issue of uniform node updates in graph transformers. By using static functional connectivity (FC) correlation features as input to the transformer model, SCGT effectively captures the sub-network structure of the brain by performing cluster-specific updates to the nodes unlike uniform node updates like vanilla graph transformers, further allowing us to learn and interpret the sub clusters. We validate our approach on the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) dataset, comprising 7,957 participants, for the prediction of total cognitive score and gender classification. Our results demonstrate that SCGT outperforms the vanilla graph transformer method, and other recent models, offering a promising tool for modeling brain functional connectivity and interpreting the underlying subnetwork structures. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Brain Networks Cognitive Score Prediction Functional Connectivity Gender Classification Graph Transformers

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Vessels Segmentation in Angiograms Using Convolutional Neural Network: A Deep Learning Based Approach

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computer Modeling in engineering & sciences 2023年第7期136卷 241-255页

作者： Sanjiban Sekhar Roy Ching-Hsien Hsu Akash Samaran Ranjan Goyal Arindam Pande Valentina E.Balas School of Computer Science and Engineering Vellore Institute of TechnologyVellore632014India Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering Asia UniversityTaichung41354Taiwan Department of Medical Research China Medical University HospitalChina Medical UniversityTaichung406Taiwan Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Technology School of Mathematics and Big DataFoshan UniversityFoshan528000China Medica Superspecialty Hospital Kolkata700099India Automation and Applied Informatics Aurel Vlaicu University of AradArad310130Romania

Coronary arterydisease(CAD)has become a significant causeof heart attack,especially amongthose 40yearsoldor *** is a need to develop new technologies andmethods to deal with this *** researchers have proposed image processing-based solutions for CADdiagnosis,but achieving highly accurate results for angiogram segmentation is still a *** different types of angiograms are adopted for CAD *** paper proposes an approach for image segmentation using ConvolutionNeuralNetworks(CNN)for diagnosing coronary artery disease to achieve state-of-the-art *** have collected the 2D X-ray images from the hospital,and the proposed model has been applied to *** augmentation has been performed in this research as it’s the most significant task required to be initiated to increase the dataset’s ***,the images have been enhanced using noise removal techniques before being fed to the CNN model for segmentation to achieve high *** the output,different settings of the network architecture undoubtedly have achieved different accuracy,among which the highest accuracy of the model is 97.61%.Compared with the other models,these results have proven to be superior to this proposed method in achieving state-of-the-art results.

关键词： Angiogram convolution neural network coronary artery disease diagnosis of CAD image segmentation

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A Survey of research on Few-Shot Relation Classification

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Zhang, YaChuan Guo, Yi Department of Computer Science and Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai200237 China Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Big Data Internet Audience Shanghai China Business Intelligence and Visualization Research Center National Engineering Laboratory for Big Data Distribution and Exchange Technologies Shanghai China

Relation classification is a crucial sub-task of information extraction, playing a significant role in extracting structured information from vast texts and constructing knowledge graphs. However, in practical scenarios, the availability of labeled data is often limited, and some datasets exhibit a long-tail distribution. To address these challenges, few-shot learning relation classification (FSRC) has emerged as a promising approach. The purpose of FSRC is to learn high-quality features with insufficient data for distinguishing the relation between given entities in a sentence. This task presents greater challenges compared to traditional relation classification tasks. Recently, FSRC has gained a lot of attention, prompting numerous researchers to provide innovative methods, datasets, and ideas to tackle this challenge. This paper focuses on relation classification based on few-shot learning and provides a comprehensive review of state-of-the-art techniques. Based on distinct research characteristics, we classified FSRC methods into five categories: metric-based method, optimization-based method, pre-trained and LLMs based method, prompt-based method, and lower source situation. We analyze the advantages and disadvantages of each category, provide a summary of the datasets, metrics, and results obtained by representative models. Finally, the paper concludes the current limitations of the few-shot relation classification and proposes future research directions. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Knowledge graph

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Securely Fine-tuning Pre-trained Encoders Against Adversarial Examples

Securely Fine-tuning Pre-trained Encoders Against Adversaria...

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IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy

作者： Ziqi Zhou Minghui Li Wei Liu Shengshan Hu Yechao Zhang Wei Wan Lulu Xue Leo Yu Zhang Dezhong Yao Hai Jin National Engineering Research Center for Big Data Technology and System Services Computing Technology and System Lab Cluster and Grid Computing Lab School of Computer Science and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology School of Software Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Hubei Engineering Research Center on Big Data Security Hubei Key Laboratory of Distributed System Security School of Cyber Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology School of Information and Communication Technology Griffith University

ISBN: (数字)9798350331301

ISBN: (纸本)9798350331318

With the evolution of self-supervised learning, the pre-training paradigm has emerged as a predominant solution within the deep learning landscape. Model providers furnish pre-trained encoders designed to function as versatile feature extractors, enabling downstream users to harness the benefits of expansive models with minimal effort through fine-tuning. Nevertheless, recent works have exposed a vulnerability in pre-trained encoders, highlighting their susceptibility to downstream-agnostic adversarial examples (DAEs) meticulously crafted by attackers. The lingering question pertains to the feasibility of fortifying the robustness of downstream models against DAEs, particularly in scenarios where the pre-trained encoders are publicly accessible to the *** this paper, we initially delve into existing defensive mechanisms against adversarial examples within the pre-training paradigm. Our findings reveal that the failure of current defenses stems from the domain shift between pre-training data and downstream tasks, as well as the sensitivity of encoder parameters. In response to these challenges, we propose Genetic Evolution-Nurtured Adversarial Fine-tuning (Gen-AF), a two-stage adversarial fine-tuning approach aimed at enhancing the robustness of downstream models. Gen-AF employs a genetic-directed dual-track adversarial fine-tuning strategy in its first stage to effectively inherit the pre-trained encoder. This involves optimizing the pre-trained encoder and classifier separately while incorporating genetic regularization to preserve the model’s topology. In the second stage, Gen-AF assesses the robust sensitivity of each layer and creates a dictionary, based on which the top-k robust redundant layers are selected with the remaining layers held fixed. Upon this foundation, we conduct evolutionary adaptability fine-tuning to further enhance the model’s generalizability. Our extensive experiments, conducted across ten self-supervised training methods and six d

关键词： Training Adaptation models Sensitivity Accuracy Self-supervised learning Genetics Feature extraction

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Lightweight Authenticated Key Agreement Protocol for Smart Power Grid Systems Using PUF

IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society

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IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society 2024年 5卷 3568-3580页

作者： Zahoor, Amina Mahmood, Khalid Saleem, Muhammad Asad Badar, Hafiz Muhammad Sanaullah Le, Tuan-Vinh Das, Ashok Kumar Department of Computer Science Sahiwal57000 Pakistan National Yunlin University of Science and Technology Graduate School of Intelligent Data Science Douliu64002 Taiwan University of Electronic Science and Technology of China School of Computer Science and Engineering Chengdu611731 China Emerson University Multan Department of Emerging Computing Technologies Multan61000 Pakistan Fu Jen Catholic University Bachelor's Program of Artificial Intelligence and Information Security New Taipei City24206 Taiwan International Institute of Information Technology Hyderabad Center for Security Theory and Algorithmic Research Hyderabad500032 India

The Smart Power Grid (SPG) is pivotal in orchestrating and managing demand response in contemporary smart cities, leveraging the prowess of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs). Within the immersive SPG environment, the ubiquitous deployment of smart meters stands as a testament to their paramount importance in the realm of vigilant monitoring and oversight. These smart meters are installed on high-tension electricity lines and transmit information about electricity outages and other issues to the utility center. To access services from utility centers, smart meters need to communicate securely over a public channel, even though the network itself is insecure. However, potential attacks from adversaries ( Ad) can exploit this communication. Therefore, protecting this communication is of utmost importance. Several privacy-preserving authentication protocols designed for SPG have been introduced in the literature. Nevertheless, a significant number of these protocols exhibit vulnerabilities to diverse security attacks. This article introduces a lightweight and anonymous authentication protocol specifically designed to address these concerns in the SPG environment. Our protocol ensures both security and efficiency, surpassing other comparable protocols in terms of its lightweight nature. By employing both formal and informal analysis, we showcase the robustness of our protocol against significant attacks while remaining lightweight. The proposed protocol provides added security features and incurs 23.8879% lower computation cost than related protocols. Consequently, our protocol is highly suitable for implementation in the SPG system. © 2020 IEEE.

关键词： Hash functions

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Prediction of Ionospheric TEC Based on BLS-LSTM-GRU Hybrid Model 14th

Prediction of Ionospheric TEC Based on BLS-LSTM-GRU Hybrid M...

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14th China Satellite Navigation Conference, CSNC 2024

作者： Li, Dengao Zhang, Xinfang Zhao, Jumin Wu, Fanming Feng, Ran Zhao, Jinhua Shi, Danyang College of Data Science Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan030024 China College of Information and Computer Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan030024 China Key Laboratory of Big Data Fusion Analysis and Application of Shanxi Province Taiyuan030024 China Intelligent Perception Engineering Technology Center of Shanxi Taiyuan030024 China Shanxi Province Engineering Technology Research Center of Spatial Information Network Taiyuan030024 China

ISBN: (纸本)9789819969272

In satellite communications, global navigation satellite systems(GNSS) and other important space activities, the value of total electron content (TEC) in the ionosphere directly affects the size of ionospheric delay. Achieving accurate prediction of ionospheric total electron content through modeling can effectively improve the reliability and accuracy of GNSS positioning. Considering the high prediction accuracy of long short-term memory neural network (LSTM) and the fast training speed of gated recurrent unit network (GRU), but it is easy to fall into the local optimum, while the width learning system(BLS) can effectively avoid this drawback. Therefore, this paper proposes a model for predicting the total electron content of the ionosphere, which consists of a broad learning system, an LSTM network and a GRU networks. Six parameters of TEC, geomagnetic index Dst, Kp, Ap, solar activity index F10.7, and hour (HD) are selected as input features from the observed data to predict the variation of the total ionospheric electron content. The results generate prediction maps of the total ionospheric electron content and are compared with empirical models and conventional neural network models at different times and solar activity conditions. The experimental results show that the root mean square error (RMSE) of the prediction results of this BLS-LSTM-GRU model is decreased by 23.07%, 17.48% and 9.46% compared with the IRI-2016, NeQuick and CNN-LSTM prediction models, respectively, with higher prediction accuracy. © 2024, Aerospace Information research Institute.

关键词： Long short-term memory

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big data-Intelligence Analytics for Energy Optimization in IoT-Enabled Smart Home Devices

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IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics 2025年

作者： Li, Yihong Song, Qiang Zhaoqing University Big Data Engineering Technology Center China Zhaoqing University School of Computer Science and Software China

This article explores the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and big data Analytics to optimize energy consumption in IoT-enabled smart home devices. It presents a robust analytical framework that leverages Variational Autoencoders (VAEs) for feature extraction and Differential Evolution (DE) for optimizing energy management parameters. data was gathered from various IoT devices, including energy usage patterns, occupancy data, and environmental conditions. The results show a notable 40% reduction in energy consumption, leading to annual cost savings of up to $300 per household. Moreover, user satisfaction increased by 25%, with participants reporting heightened awareness and engagement in energy conservation. The study highlights how the proposed framework efficiently identifies common usage patterns and optimizes energy distribution while preserving user comfort. These findings reinforce the potential of AI-driven analytics in improving energy efficiency in smart homes, demonstrating that advanced algorithms not only support energy conservation but also promote active user participation in sustainability efforts. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Energy utilization

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Why Does Little Robustness Help? A Further Step Towards Understanding Adversarial Transferability

Why Does Little Robustness Help? A Further Step Towards Unde...

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IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy

作者： Yechao Zhang Shengshan Hu Leo Yu Zhang Junyu Shi Minghui Li Xiaogeng Liu Wei Wan Hai Jin National Engineering Research Center for Big Data Technology and System Services Computing Technology and System Lab Hubei Engineering Research Center on Big Data Security Hubei Key Laboratory of Distributed System Security School of Cyber Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology School of Information and Communication Technology Griffith University School of Software Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Cluster and Grid Computing Lab School of Computer Science and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology

ISBN: (数字)9798350331301

ISBN: (纸本)9798350331318

Adversarial examples for deep neural networks (DNNs) are transferable: examples that successfully fool one white-box surrogate model can also deceive other black-box models with different architectures. Although a bunch of empirical studies have provided guidance on generating highly transferable adversarial examples, many of these findings fail to be well explained and even lead to confusing or inconsistent advice for practical *** this paper, we take a further step towards understanding adversarial transferability, with a particular focus on surrogate aspects. Starting from the intriguing "little robustness" phenomenon, where models adversarially trained with mildly perturbed adversarial samples can serve as better surrogates for transfer attacks, we attribute it to a trade-off between two dominant factors: model smoothness and gradient similarity. Our research focuses on their joint effects on transferability, rather than demonstrating the separate relationships alone. Through a combination of theoretical and empirical analyses, we hypothesize that the data distribution shift induced by off-manifold samples in adversarial training is the reason that impairs gradient *** on these insights, we further explore the impacts of prevalent data augmentation and gradient regularization on transferability and analyze how the trade-off manifests in various training methods, thus building a comprehensive blueprint for the regulation mechanisms behind transferability. Finally, we provide a general route for constructing superior surrogates to boost transferability, which optimizes both model smoothness and gradient similarity simultaneously, e.g., the combination of input gradient regularization and sharpness-aware minimization (SAM), validated by extensive experiments. In summary, we call for attention to the united impacts of these two factors for launching effective transfer attacks, rather than optimizing one while ignoring the other, and emphasize the

关键词： Training Privacy Buildings Closed box Minimization data augmentation Robustness

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