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34th ACM Web Conference, WWW 2025

作者： Wang, Kaibin He, Qiang Dong, Zeqian Chen, Rui He, Chuan Chua, Caslon Chen, Feifei Yang, Yun Swinburne University of Technology Melbourne Australia Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China Deakin University Melbourne Australia National Engineering Research Center for Big Data Technology and System Services Computing Technology and System Lab Cluster Grid Computing Lab School of Computer Science and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan430074 China

ISBN: (纸本)9798400712746

In an edge-assisted federated learning (FL) system, edge servers aggregate the local models from the clients within their coverage areas to produce intermediate models for the production of the global model. This significantly reduces the communication overhead incurred during the FL process. To accelerate model convergence, FedEdge, the state-of-the-art edge-assisted FL system, trains clients’ models in local federations when they wait for the global model in each training round. However, our investigation reveals that it drives the global model towards clients with excessive local training, causing model drifts that undermine model performance for other clients. To tackle this problem, this paper presents Maverick, a new edge-assisted FL system that mitigates model drifts by training personalized local models for clients through contrastive local training. It introduces a model-contrastive loss to facilitate personalized local federated training by driving clients’ local models away from the global model and close to their corresponding intermediate models. In addition, Maverick includes anomalous models in contrastive local training as negative samples to accelerate the convergence of clients’ local models. Extensive experiments are conducted on three widely-used models trained on three datasets to comprehensively evaluate the performance of Maverick. Compared to state-of-the-art edge-assisted FL systems, Maverick accelerates model convergence by up to 16.2x and improves model accuracy by up to 12.7%. © 2025 Copyright held by the owner/author(s).

关键词： Contrastive Learning

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An accurate cell segmentation method for high-resolution complex brain image 9

An accurate cell segmentation method for high-resolution com...

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9th International Conference on Image, Vision and Computing, ICIVC 2024

作者： Xu, Xiaofeng Li, Shuai Zheng, Wei Henan Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Processing for Big Data of Digital Image School of Computer Science and Technology Nanyang Normal University Nanyang China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350385991

Cell segmentation is a key step in medical image analysis and cell biology research, and is important in areas such as understanding cell behaviour, cancer detection and cell cycle analysis. This task is challenging due to the presence of overlap between cells and image noise. With the development of imaging techniques, the amount and quality of acquired cellular image data have increased significantly and even contain diverse information such as neuronal structures and blood vessels, which puts higher demands on segmentation techniques. Real rat brain cell images obtained using micro-optical slice tomography (MOST) contain complex and diverse information such as neuronal structure, cell morphology, and the distribution of blood vessels, demonstrating the characteristics of real biological samples, for which segmentation of the target region is more difficult. In order to solve these challenges, this paper proposes a new cell image segmentation method that combines watershed order differential feature extraction and fuzzy entropy spatial theory. Due to the complexity of image information, we first use traditional image enhancement techniques. Then feature extraction is performed and fuzzy entropy processing is added to achieve accurate identification of cell boundaries. Then distance transform and curvature analysis are added to further segment the cell clusters into individual cells while avoiding over-segmentation and missed detection. Experiments demonstrate that the method not only shows high performance on our dataset, but also validates our method on several publicly available cellular datasets respectively, proving that the segmentation algorithm shows great potential for segmentation on different types of cells. Future research will further optimise the model to improve segmentation performance on complex and irregularly shaped cells and explore the application of these methods to other types of medical image segmentation tasks. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Image segmentation

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LLM App Store Analysis: A Vision and Roadmap

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Zhao, Yanjie Hou, Xinyi Wang, Shenao Wang, Haoyu Hubei Key Laboratory of Distributed System Security Hubei Engineering Research Center on Big Data Security School of Cyber Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology China Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China

The rapid growth and popularity of large language model (LLM) app stores have created new opportunities and challenges for researchers, developers, users, and app store managers. As the LLM app ecosystem continues to evolve, it is crucial to understand the current landscape and identify potential areas for future research and development. This paper presents a forward-looking analysis of LLM app stores, focusing on key aspects such as data mining, security risk identification, development assistance, and market dynamics. Our comprehensive examination extends to the intricate relationships between various stakeholders and the technological advancements driving the ecosystem's growth. We explore the ethical considerations and potential societal impacts of widespread LLM app adoption, highlighting the need for responsible innovation and governance frameworks. By examining these aspects, we aim to provide a vision for future research directions and highlight the importance of collaboration among stakeholders to address the challenges and opportunities within the LLM app ecosystem. The insights and recommendations provided in this paper serve as a foundation for driving innovation, ensuring responsible development, and creating a thriving, user-centric LLM app landscape. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Ecosystems

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DarkSAM: fooling segment anything model to segment nothing 24

DarkSAM: fooling segment anything model to segment nothing

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Proceedings of the 38th International Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems

作者： Ziqi Zhou Yufei Song Minghui Li Shengshan Hu Xianlong Wang Leo Yu Zhang Dezhong Yao Hai Jin National Engineering Research Center for Big Data Technology and System and Services Computing Technology and System Lab and Cluster and Grid Computing Lab and School of Computer Science and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology School of Cyber Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology School of Software Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology National Engineering Research Center for Big Data Technology and System and Services Computing Technology and System Lab and Hubei Engineering Research Center on Big Data Security and Hubei Key Laboratory of Distributed System Security and School of Cyber Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology School of Information and Communication Technology Griffith University

ISBN: (纸本)9798331314385

Segment Anything Model (SAM) has recently gained much attention for its outstanding generalization to unseen data and tasks. Despite its promising prospect, the vulnerabilities of SAM, especially to universal adversarial perturbation (UAP) have not been thoroughly investigated yet. In this paper, we propose DarkSAM, the first prompt-free universal attack framework against SAM, including a semantic decoupling-based spatial attack and a texture distortion-based frequency attack. We first divide the output of SAM into foreground and background. Then, we design a shadow target strategy to obtain the semantic blueprint of the image as the attack target. DarkSAM is dedicated to fooling SAM by extracting and destroying crucial object features from images in both spatial and frequency domains. In the spatial domain, we disrupt the semantics of both the foreground and background in the image to confuse SAM. In the frequency domain, we further enhance the attack effectiveness by distorting the high-frequency components (i.e., texture information) of the image. Consequently, with a single UAP, DarkSAM renders SAM incapable of segmenting objects across diverse images with varying prompts. Experimental results on four datasets for SAM and its two variant models demonstrate the powerful attack capability and transferability of DarkSAM. Our codes are available at: https://***/CGCL-codes/DarkSAM.

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A Robust Key Exchange and Tamper-Resistant Protocol for HAN and NAN Networks in Smart Grids

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IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2025年第12期12卷 21394-21403页

作者： Ayub, Muhammad Faizan Li, Xiong Mahmood, Khalid Shamshad, Salman Das, Ashok Kumar Wang, Guijuan University of Electronic Science and Technology of China School of Computer Science and Engineering Sichuan Chengdu611731 China National Yunlin University of Science and Technology Graduate School of Intelligent Data Science Yunlin Douliu64002 Taiwan The University of Lahore Department of Software Engineering Lahore54590 Pakistan International Institute of Information Technology Center for Security Theory and Algorithmic Research Hyderabad500 032 India Korea University College of Informatics Department of Computer Science and Engineering Anam-ro Seoul145 Korea Republic of Qilu University of Technology Shandong Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Computing Power Network and Information Security Ministry of Education Shandong Computer Science Center Jinan250353 China Shandong Fundamental Research Center for Computer Science Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Industrial Network and Information System Security Jinan250353 China

Smart Grids (SG) rely on Home Area Networks (HAN) and Neighborhood Area Networks (NAN) to ensure efficient power distribution, real-time monitoring, and seamless communication between smart devices. Despite these advantages, the use of public communication channels in HAN and NAN networks introduces critical challenges, such as vulnerability to impersonation, physical tampering, and scalability issues in resource-constrained environments. These issues compromise the stability, reliability, and security of SG environments. Existing protocols often fail to adequately address these challenges, particularly in ensuring resistance to physical tampering of supply lines and impersonation attacks. Additionally, they struggle to minimize the computation, communication, and energy costs associated with securing a resource-constrained SG environment. Therefore, we propose a robust key exchange and tamper-resistant protocol for HAN and NAN networks to address these limitations. The proposed protocol leverages the Physical Unclonable Function (PUF) mechanism to offer physical tampering resistance to smart meters. We validate our protocol formally using the Random or Real (RoR) model, which confirms its security robustness. Additionally, our informal security analysis highlights the protocol's resilience against impersonation, physical tampering attacks, etc. We analyze and compare the performance of the proposed protocol, which further demonstrates our protocol's effectiveness and security compared to competing protocols. Moreover, the proposed protocol achieves resource efficiency with 45.99% and 58.85% substantial reductions in computation overhead and energy overhead, respectively, compared to competing protocols. These results showcase the protocol's enhanced security and practicality for resource-constrained SG environments. © 2014 IEEE.

关键词： Authentication Protocol

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Demystifying Ethereum account diversity:observations,models and analysis

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Frontiers of Computer science 2022年第4期16卷 119-130页

作者： Chaofan Wang Xiaohai Dai Jiang Xiao Chenchen Li Ming Wen Bingbing Zhou Hai Jin Clusters and Grid Computing Lab National Engineering Research Center for Big Data Technology and System Services Computing Technology and System LabWuhan430074China School of Computer Science and Technology Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430074China School of Cyber Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430074China Centre for Distributed and High Performance Computing School of Information TechnologiesThe University of SydneyCamperdownNew South Wales2006Australia

Blockchain platform Ethereum has involved millions of accounts due to its strong potential for providing numerous services based on smart *** massive accounts can be divided into diverse categories,such as miners,tokens,and exchanges,which is termed as account diversity in this *** benefit of investigating diversity are multi-fold,including understanding the Ethereum ecosystem deeper and opening the possibility of tracking certain abnormal ***,the exploration of blockchain account diversity remains *** the most relevant studies,which focus on the deanonymization of the accounts on Bitcoin,can hardly be applied on Ethereum since their underlying protocols and user idioms are *** this end,we present the first attempt to demystify the account diversity on *** key observation is that different accounts exhibit diverse behavior patterns,leading us to propose the heuristics for classification as the *** then raise the coverage rate of classification by the statistical learning model Maximum Likelihood Estimation(MLE).We collect real-world data through extensive efforts to evaluate our proposed method and show its ***,we make an in-depth analysis of the dynamic evolution of the Ethereum ecosystem and uncover the abnormal arbitrage *** for the former,we validate two sweeping statements reliably:(1)standalone miners are gradually replaced by the mining pools and cooperative miners;(2)transactions related to the mining pool and exchanges take up a large share of the total *** latter analysis shows that there are a large number of arbitrage transactions transferring the coins from one exchange to another to make a price difference.

关键词： blockchain Ethereum classification account diversity network analysis

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Towards Effective and Efficient Error Handling Code Fuzzing Based on Software Fault Injection 31

Towards Effective and Efficient Error Handling Code Fuzzing ...

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31st IEEE International Conference on Software Analysis, Evolution and Reengineering, SANER 2024

作者： Chen, Kang Wen, Ming Jia, Haoxiang Wu, Rongxin Jin, Hai Wuhan430074 China Jin YinHu Laboratory Wuhan430074 China School of Informatics Xiamen University Xiamen361005 China School of Computer Science and Technology HUST Wuhan430074 China National Engineering Research Center for Big Data Technology and System Services Computing Technology and System Lab China Hubei Engineering Research Center on Big Data Security Hubei Key Laboratory of Distributed System Security China Cluster and Grid Computing Lab China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350330663

Software systems often encounter various errors or exceptions in practice, and thus proper error handling code is essential to ensure the reliability of software systems. Unfortunately, error handling code is often bug-prone, while sufficiently testing them is challenging as such code often cannot be triggered under normal conditions. Motivated by this, recent studies have proposed to leverage software fault injection (SFI) based fuzzing to discover potential bugs in complicated error handling code. Despite the promising results achieved, their effectiveness and efficiency are still compromised in practice due to the huge search space of error sites, inadequate fuzzing guidance, and the overhead induced by context-sensitive SFI. To achieve effective and efficient testing of error handling code, this study presents AFL-FI, which first utilizes a similarity-based method to identify suspicious error sites, and then incorporates the idea of error site coverage to guide the fuzzing process. Finally, the design of lightweight context-sensitive SFI enables AFL-FI to execute test cases efficiently. We evaluate AFL-FI on eight large-scale open-source projects, and the results show that it can outperform existing state-of-the-art fuzzing tools significantly in terms of branch code coverage. More importantly, AFL-FI has discovered 13 previously unknown bugs, and all of them have been confirmed while 12 of them have been fixed. Besides, our evaluation also demonstrates that all the key designs of AFL-F I are effective that contribute significantly to its overall performance. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Errors

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Efficient Remote Memory Paging for Disaggregated Memory Systems 1

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22nd International Conference on Algorithms and Architectures for Parallel Processing, ICA3PP 2022

作者： Wang, Tao Liu, Haikun Jin, Hai National Engineering Research Center for Big Data Technology and System Services Computing Technology and System Lab Cluster and Grid Computing Lab School of Computer Science and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan430074 China

ISBN: (数字)9783031226779

ISBN: (纸本)9783031226762

Memory disaggregation has attracted increasing attention in recent years because it is a cost-efficient approach to scale memory capacity for applications in a data center. However, the latency of remote memory access is a major concern in disaggregated memory systems. This paper presents VANDI, a virtual memory paging mechanism that allows applications to use remote memory pools transparently. VANDI enables effective data caching and prefetching mechanisms to address the problem of high access latency in disaggregated memory systems. VANDI exploits a low-complexity cache replacement strategy to optimize the asynchronous staging queue so that the remote write latency can be significantly reduced. VANDI can also prefetch data in multi-granularity from a remote memory pool in an adaptive manner, and thus further improves the hit rate of the local cache to reduce the read latency of remote memory. Our extensive experiments using micro-benchmarks show that VANDI can improve the performance of typical remote paging system–Infiniswap by up to 15 × –102 ×. VANDI can also improve the performance of state-of-the-art disaggregated memory system–Valet by 1.2 × –2.7 ×. For typical machine learning workloads, VANDI can achieve 20% to 80% performance improvement compared with the state-of-the-art Valet. © 2023, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

关键词： Paging systems

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Anole: A Lightweight and Verifiable Learned-Based Index for Time Range Query on Blockchain Systems 28th

Anole: A Lightweight and Verifiable Learned-Based Index for...

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28th International Conference on database Systems for Advanced Applications, DASFAA 2023

作者： Chang, Jian Li, Binhong Xiao, Jiang Lin, Licheng Jin, Hai National Engineering Research Center for Big Data Technology and System Services Computing Technology and System Lab Cluster and Grid Computing Lab School of Computer Science and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan430074 China

ISBN: (纸本)9783031306365

Time range query is essential to facilitate a wide range of blockchain applications such as data provenance in the supply chain. Existing blockchain systems adopt the storage-consuming tree-based index structure for better query performance, however, fail to efficiently work for most blockchain nodes with limited resources. In this paper, we propose Anole, a lightweight and verifiable time range query mechanism, to present the feasibility of building up a learned-based index to achieve high performance and low storage costs on blockchain systems. The key idea of Anole is to exploit the temporal characteristics of blockchain data distribution and design a tailored lightweight index to reduce storage costs. Moreover, it uses a digital signature to guarantee the correctness and completeness of query results by considering the learned index’s error bounds, and applies batch verification to further improve verification performance. Experimental results demonstrate that Anole improves the query performance by up to 10 × and reduces the storage overhead by 99.4 % compared with the state-of-the-art vChain+. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

关键词： Blockchain

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Unified Grid Tagging Scheme for Aspect Sentiment Quad Prediction 31

Unified Grid Tagging Scheme for Aspect Sentiment Quad Predic...

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31st International Conference on Computational Linguistics, COLING 2025

作者： Su, Guixin Zhang, Yongcheng Wang, Tongguan Wu, Mingmin Sha, Ying Key Laboratory of Smart Farming for Agricultural Animals Wuhan China Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Technology for Agriculture Ministry of Education China Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center of Agricultural Big Data Wuhan China College of Informatics Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan China

ISBN: (纸本)9798891761964

Aspect Sentiment Quad Prediction (ASQP) aims to extract all sentiment elements in quads for a given review to explain the reason for the sentiment. Previous table-filling based methods have achieved promising results by modeling word-pair relations. However, these methods decompose the ASQP task into several subtasks without considering the association between sentiment elements. Most importantly, they fail to tackle the situation where a sentence contains multiple implicit expressions. To address these limitations, we propose a simple yet effective Unified Grid Tagging Scheme (UGTS) to extract sentiment quadruplets in one shot, with two additional special tokens from pre-trained models to represent potential implicit aspect and opinion terms. Based on this, we first introduce the adaptive graph diffusion convolution network to construct the direct connection between explicit and implicit sentiment elements from syntactic and semantic views. Next, we utilize conditional layer normalization to refine the mutual indication effect between words for matching valid aspect-opinion pairs. Finally, we employ the triaffine mechanism to integrate heterogeneous word-pair relations to capture higher-order interactions between sentiment elements. Experimental results on four benchmark datasets show the effectiveness and robustness of our model, which achieves state-of-the-art performance. © 2025 Association for Computational Linguistics.

关键词： Semantics

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