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6th IEEE International Conference on Pattern Recognition and Artificial intelligence, PRAI 2023

作者： Tang, Huaying Zhang, Xiaorong Mao, Xinglong Liu, Shifeng Zhao, Sirui Chen, Enhong University of Science and Technology of China and State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Intelligence School of Computer Science and Technology Hefei China Southwest University of Science and Technology School of Computer Science and Technology Mianyang China University of Science and Technology of China and State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Intelligence School of Data Science Hefei China University of Science and Technology of China & Southwest University of Science and Technology School of Computer Science and Technology Hefei Mianyang China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350325485

Micro-expressions (MEs) refer to spontaneous, subtle, and fleeting facial movements that usually only occur in local facial areas, which can effectively reveal genuine emotions that humans try to hide. However, micro-expression recognition (MER) is still a difficult task due to its low intensity and local movements, and existing datasets are usually small-scale with class imbalance problem. To address these problems, we propose a novel MER framework named Global and Local Mixer (GL-Mixer) based on MLP-Mixer, which can focus on local regions where MEs appear and reduce the influence of ME-irrelevant regions. Specifically, the GL-Mixer mainly consists of three parts: Global Feature Learning (GFL) module, Local Feature Learning (LFL) module, and Feature Refinement (FR) module. The GFL module is designed to learn the global ME features from the whole face region. Meanwhile, the LFL module is composed of multiple parallel local mixers, and each local mixer extracts fine-grained features in a specific facial region. Then, Feature Refinement (FR) module aims to refine the fin e-grained ME features by focusing more on the local features of the effective ME regions and suppressing the features of the irrelevant region under the guidance of the global feature. Last, the model fuses the global and fine-grained ME features for classification. In addition, to solve the problem of insufficient data and class imbalance in ME datasets, we introduce class-balanced implicit semantic data augmentation. Extensive experiments are conducted on CASMEII, SAMM, and SMIC datasets, and the experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our method. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Semantics

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Transverse Velocity Field Measurements in High-resolution Solar Images Based on Deep Learning

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2023年第6期23卷 86-97页

作者： Zhen-Hong Shang Si-Yu Mu Kai-Fan Ji Zhen-Ping Qiang Faculty of Information Engineering and Automation Kunming University of Science and TechnologyKunming 650500China Yunnan Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence Kunming University of Science and TechnologyKunming 650500China Yunnan Observatories Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650216China College of Big Data and Intelligent Engineering Southwest Forestry UniversityKunming 650224China

To address the problem of the low accuracy of transverse velocity field measurements for small targets in highresolution solar images,we proposed a novel velocity field measurement method for high-resolution solar images based on *** method transforms the transverse velocity field measurements into an optical flow field prediction *** evaluated the performance of the proposed method using the Hαand TiO data sets obtained from New Vacuum Solar Telescope *** experimental results show that our method effectively predicts the optical flow of small targets in images compared with several typical machine-and deeplearning *** the Hαdata set,the proposed method improves the image structure similarity from 0.9182 to0.9587 and reduces the mean of residuals from 24.9931 to 15.2818;on the TiO data set,the proposed method improves the image structure similarity from 0.9289 to 0.9628 and reduces the mean of residuals from 25.9908 *** optical flow predicted using the proposed method can provide accurate data for the atmospheric motion information of solar *** code implementing the proposed method is available on https://***/lygmsy123/transverse-velocity-field-measurement.

关键词： methods:data analysis techniques:image processing Sun:fundamental parameters

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The Role of Depth, Width, and Tree Size in Expressiveness of Deep Forest 27

The Role of Depth, Width, and Tree Size in Expressiveness of...

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27th European Conference on Artificial intelligence, ECAI 2024

作者： Lyu, Shen-Huan Wu, Jin-Hui Zheng, Qin-Cheng Ye, Baoliu Key Laboratory of Water Big Data Technology of Ministry of Water Resources Hohai University China College of Computer Science and Software Engineering Hohai University China National Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology Nanjing University China School of Artificial Intelligence Nanjing University China

ISBN: (纸本)9781643685489

Random forests are classical ensemble algorithms that construct multiple randomized decision trees and aggregate their predictions using naive averaging. Zhou and Feng [51] further propose a deep forest algorithm with multi-layer forests, which outperforms random forests in various tasks. The performance of deep forests is related to three hyperparameters in practice: depth, width, and tree size, but little has been known about its theoretical explanation. This work provides the first upper and lower bounds on the approximation complexity of deep forests concerning the three hyperparameters. Our results confirm the distinctive role of depth, which can exponentially enhance the expressiveness of deep forests compared with width and tree size. Experiments validate these theoretical findings. The detailed proof and code are available in the full version [31]. © 2024 The Authors.

关键词： Random forests

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Confidence-aware Contrastive Learning for Selective Classification 41

Confidence-aware Contrastive Learning for Selective Classifi...

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41st International Conference on Machine Learning, ICML 2024

作者： Wu, Yu-Chang Lyu, Shen-Huan Shang, Haopu Wang, Xiangyu Qian, Chao National Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology Nanjing University China School of Artificial Intelligence Nanjing University China Key Laboratory of Water Big Data Technology Ministry of Water Resources Hohai University China College of Computer Science and Software Engineering Hohai University China

Selective classification enables models to make predictions only when they are sufficiently confident, aiming to enhance safety and reliability, which is important in high-stakes scenarios. Previous methods mainly use deep neural networks and focus on modifying the architecture of classification layers to enable the model to estimate the confidence of its prediction. This work provides a generalization bound for selective classification, disclosing that optimizing feature layers helps improve the performance of selective classification. Inspired by this theory, we propose to explicitly improve the selective classification model at the feature level for the first time, leading to a novel Confidence-aware Contrastive Learning method for Selective Classification, CCL-SC, which similarizes the features of homogeneous instances and differentiates the features of heterogeneous instances, with the strength controlled by the model's confidence. The experimental results on typical datasets, i.e., CIFAR-10, CIFAR-100, CelebA, and ImageNet, show that CCL-SC achieves significantly lower selective risk than state-of-the-art methods, across almost all coverage degrees. Moreover, it can be combined with existing methods to bring further improvement. Copyright 2024 by the author(s)

关键词： Contrastive Learning

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Phasmatodea Population Evolution Algorithm Based on Spiral Mechanism and Its Application to data Clustering

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第4期83卷 475-496页

作者： Jeng-Shyang Pan Mengfei Zhang Shu-Chuan Chu Xingsi Xue Václav Snášel College of Computer Science and Engineering Shandong University of Science and TechnologyQingdao266590China School of Artificial Intelligence Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing210044China Department of Information Management Chaoyang University of TechnologyTaichung41349TaiwanChina Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Big Data Mining and Applications Fujian University of TechnologyFuzhou350118China Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science VŠB-Technical University of OstravaOstrava70833Czech Republic

data clustering is an essential technique for analyzing complex datasets and continues to be a central research topic in data *** clustering algorithms,such as K-means,are widely used due to their simplicity and *** paper proposes a novel Spiral Mechanism-Optimized Phasmatodea Population Evolution Algorithm(SPPE)to improve clustering *** SPPE algorithm introduces several enhancements to the standard Phasmatodea Population Evolution(PPE)***,a Variable Neighborhood Search(VNS)factor is incorporated to strengthen the local search capability and foster population ***,a position update model,incorporating a spiral mechanism,is designed to improve the algorithm’s global exploration and convergence ***,a dynamic balancing factor,guided by fitness values,adjusts the search process to balance exploration and exploitation *** performance of SPPE is first validated on CEC2013 benchmark functions,where it demonstrates excellent convergence speed and superior optimization results compared to several state-of-the-art metaheuristic *** further verify its practical applicability,SPPE is combined with the K-means algorithm for data clustering and tested on seven *** results show that SPPE-K-means improves clustering accuracy,reduces dependency on initialization,and outperforms other clustering *** study highlights SPPE’s robustness and efficiency in solving both optimization and clustering challenges,making it a promising tool for complex data analysis tasks.

关键词： Phasmatodea population evolution algorithm data clustering meta-heuristic algorithm

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CITE: Compact Interactive TransformEr for Multilingual Image Captioning 23

CITE: Compact Interactive TransformEr for Multilingual Image...

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6th International Conference on Image and Graphics Processing, ICIGP 2023

作者： Xu, Yueyuan Hu, Zhenzhen Zhou, Yuanen Hao, Shijie Hong, Richang Key Laboratory of Knowledge Engineering with Big Data School of Computer and Information Hefei University of Technology China Institute of Artificial Intelligence Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center Hefei China

ISBN: (纸本)9781450398572

Current state-of-the-art image captioning models generate captions in a single language, requiring a combination of multiple language specific models to build a multilingual image captioning system. However, as the number of supported languages increases, it leads to the parameters of the multilingual image captioning system grow linearly. To tackle this issue, we propose a single Compact Interactive TransformEr (CITE) model, which can describe an image in multiple languages simultaneously, making the captioning system more compact. Specifically, based on the standard Transformer model, we share the encoder and decoder backbone parameters and replace the self-attention sub-layer in the decoder with the interactive attention sub-layer. In addition, we extend the traditional monolingual reinforcement learning mechanism to a multilingual version to promote better description generation. Due to the wide use of Chinese and English, we evaluate the performance of our CITE model by simultaneously generating English and Chinese captions. We expand the image captions of the whole MSCOCO dataset and release a COCO-EN-CN dataset. Extensive experiments on the COCO-EN-CN dataset show that our single CITE model with more parameter-efficient can maintain the competitive performance or even better than the monolingual captioning models. © 2023 ACM.

关键词： Reinforcement learning

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PFed-NS: An Adaptive Personalized Federated Learning Scheme Through Neural Network Segmentation

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IEEE Transactions on Computers 2025年第6期74卷 1936-1948页

作者： Liu, Yuchen He, Ligang Zhang, Zhigao Ren, Shenyuan University of Warwick Department of Computer Science CoventryCV4 7AL United Kingdom Wuhan University School of Computer Science Wuhan430072 China China Hubei Luojia Laboratory Wuhan430072 China Beijing Jiaotong University Key Laboratory of Big Data & Artificial Intelligence in Transportation Ministry of Education School of Computer and Information Technology Beijing100044 China

Federated Learning (FL) is typically deployed in a client-server architecture, which makes the Edge-Cloud architecture an ideal backbone for FL. A significant challenge in this setup arises from the diverse data feature distributions across different edge locations (i.e., non-IID data). In response, Personalized Federated Learning (PFL) approaches have been developed. Network segmentation-based PFL is an important approach to achieving PFL, in which the training network is divided into a global segment for server aggregation and a local segment maintained client-side. Existing methods determine the segmentation before the training, and the segmentation remains fixed throughout the PFL training. However, our investigation reveals that model representations vary as PFL progresses and the fixed segmentation may not deliver best performance across various training settings. To address this, we propose PFed-NS, a PFL framework based on adaptive network segmentation. This adaptive segmentation technique is composed of two elements: a mechanism for assessing divergence of clients’ probability density functions constructed from network layers’ outputs, and a model for dynamically establishing divergence thresholds, beyond which server aggregation is deemed detrimental. Further optimization strategies are proposed to reduce the computation and communication costs incurred by divergence modeling. Moreover, we propose a divergence-based BN strategy to optimize BN performance for network segmentation-based PFL. Extensive experiments have been conducted to compare PFed-NS against recent PFL models. The results demonstrate its superiority in enhancing model accuracy and accelerating convergence. © 1968-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Probability density function

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Guided Intelligent Collection of Elements of Doctor-Patient Dispute Cases 12

Guided Intelligent Collection of Elements of Doctor-Patient ...

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12th International Conference on Advanced Cloud and big data, CBD 2024

作者： Xiao, Han Wen, Kejie Zhang, Baili SCSE Southeast University Key Laboratory of New Generation Artificial Intelligence Technology and Its Interdisciplinary Applications Ministry of Education Research Center for Judicial Big Data Supreme Count of China Nanjing China Huawei Nanjing China

ISBN: (纸本)9798331511074

Human-machine dialogue systems face sig-nificant challenges when handling doctor-patient dis-putes, primarily due to the brevity and informality of user input. Traditional statistical and machine learning models often struggle to perform well with incomplete syntax and colloquial language. To address this issue, this paper proposes a guided intelligent collection al-gorithm based on the RASA framework, for improving the identification and extraction of key information in medical dispute dialogues. To manage the colloquial expressions and grammat-ical omissions in user text, a multi-condition fusion BiLSTM-CRF joint model was developed, enabling simultaneous intent recognition and entity extraction with improved precision and efficiency. Furthermore, a multi-class classification model incorporating a self-attention mechanism was introduced to overcome the limitations of RASA's supervised learning-based dia-logue management, greatly improving performance and accuracy in managing complex doctor-patient dispute scenarios. Experimental results show significant enhancements in intent recognition accuracy and entity extraction Fl scores. The self-attention-based multi-turn manage-ment approach also improves action prediction accu-racy compared to RASA' s default methods, demon-strating the proposed method's effectiveness in medical disputes. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Self-supervised learning

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Localized Knowledge Distillation Helps IoT Devices Provide High-performance Visual Services

Localized Knowledge Distillation Helps IoT Devices Provide H...

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2023 IEEE International Conference on Web Services, ICWS 2023

作者： Yu, Jinhui Ding, Chuntao Li, Huifang Jin, Yi Li, Yidong Key Laboratory of Big Data and Artificial Intelligence in Transportation Ministry of Education China Beijing Jiaotong University School of Computer and Information Technology China China Unicom Research Institute China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350304855

Deploying high-performance convolutional neural networks (CNNs) on ubiquitous Internet of Things (IoT) devices to provide convenient services has attracted increasing attention. However, most existing studies have two limitations, (i) low performance due to lack of effective learning strategies;(ii) difficulty to measure resource consumption due to lack of real deployment. To this end, this paper proposes a novel localized knowledge distillation (LKD) method to train the resource-efficient CNN and implements a cloud-assisted system to evaluate the on-device performance. The proposed LKD follows the layer-wise heterogeneous information distribution in the CNN and distills the knowledge from features that contains the most crucial knowledge to the resource-efficient CNN. Thus, the knowledge guided to learn by limited parameters is reduced to the crucial part, which is more reliable for the resource-efficient CNN. The cloud-assisted system consists cloud server and IoT devices, which allows the training and deployment of the resource-efficient CNN, and the measurement of the corresponding resource consumption. Experimental results show that the proposed LKD could improve the performance on standard benchmarks close to the counterpart CNN, and the robustness on corrupted data by approximately 11.3% for the resource-efficient CNN. The measurements on the cloud-assisted system also demonstrate the resource efficiency for transmission and on-device running. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Distillation

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An overview on IRS-enabled sensing and communications for 6G: architectures, fundamental limits, and joint beamforming designs

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2025年第5期68卷 170-193页

作者： Xianxin SONG Yuan FANG Feng WANG Zixiang REN Xianghao YU Ye ZHANG Fan LIU Jie XU Derrick Wing Kwan NG Rui ZHANG Shuguang CUI School of Science and Engineering (SSE) Shenzhen Future Network of Intelligence Institute (FNii-Shenzhen)and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Future Networks of Intelligence The Chinese University of Hong Kong Department of Electrical Engineering City University of Hong Kong School of Information Engineering Guangdong University of Technology Key Laboratory of Wireless-Optical Communications Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Information Science and Technology University of Science and Technology of China Computer School Beijing Information Science and Technology University National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory School of Information Science and Engineering Southeast University School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications University of New South Wales School of Science and Engineering Shenzhen Research Institute of Big Data The Chinese University of Hong Kong Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore

This study presents an overview on intelligent reflecting surface(IRS)-enabled sensing and communication for the forthcoming sixth-generation(6G) wireless networks, in which IRSs are strategically deployed to proactively reconfigure wireless environments to improve both sensing and communication(S&C) performance. First, we exploit a single IRS to enable wireless sensing in the base station's(BS's) non-line-of-sight(NLoS) area. In particular, we present three IRS-enabled NLoS target sensing architectures with fully-passive, semi-passive, and active IRSs, respectively. We compare their pros and cons by analyzing the fundamental sensing performance limits for target detection and parameter estimation. Next, we consider a single IRS to facilitate integrated sensing and communication(ISAC), in which the transmit signals at the BS are used for achieving both S&C functionalities, aided by the IRS through reflective beamforming. We present joint transmit signal and receiver processing designs for realizing efficient ISAC, and jointly optimize the transmit beamforming at the BS and reflective beamforming at the IRS to balance the fundamental performance tradeoff between S&C. Furthermore, we discuss multi-IRS networked ISAC, by particularly focusing on multi-IRS-enabled multi-link ISAC, multi-region ISAC, and ISAC signal routing, respectively. Finally, we highlight various promising research topics in this area to motivate future work.

关键词： integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) non-line-of-sight (NLoS) sensing sensing and communication tradeoff

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