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Understanding and improving fairness in cognitive diagnosis

Science China(Information Sciences) 2024年第5期67卷 99-114页

作者： Zheng ZHANG Le WU Qi LIU Jiayu LIU Zhenya HUANG Yu YIN Yan ZHUANG Weibo GAO Enhong CHEN Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Big Data Analysis and Application School of Computer Science and Technology& School of Data Science University of Science and Technology of China State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Intelligence School of Computer Science and Information Engineering Hefei University of Technology

Intelligent education is a significant application of artificial intelligence. One of the key research topics in intelligence education is cognitive diagnosis, which aims to gauge the level of proficiency among students on specific knowledge concepts(e.g., Geometry). To the best of our knowledge, most of the existing cognitive models primarily focus on improving diagnostic accuracy while rarely considering fairness issues; for instance, the diagnosis of students may be affected by various sensitive attributes(e.g., region). In this paper,we aim to explore fairness in cognitive diagnosis and answer two questions:(1) Are the results of existing cognitive diagnosis models affected by sensitive attributes?(2) If yes, how can we mitigate the impact of sensitive attributes to ensure fair diagnosis results? To this end, we first empirically reveal that several wellknown cognitive diagnosis methods usually lead to unfair performances, and the trend of unfairness varies among different cognitive diagnosis models. Then, we make a theoretical analysis to explain the reasons behind this phenomenon. To resolve the unfairness problem in existing cognitive diagnosis models, we propose a general fairness-aware cognitive diagnosis framework, FairCD. Our fundamental principle involves eliminating the effect of sensitive attributes on student proficiency. To achieve this, we divide student proficiency in existing cognitive diagnosis models into two components: bias proficiency and fair *** design two orthogonal tasks for each of them to ensure that fairness in proficiency remains independent of sensitive attributes and take it as the final diagnosed result. Extensive experiments on the Program for International Student Assessment(PISA) dataset clearly show the effectiveness of our framework.

关键词： fairness intelligent education cognitive diagnosis psychometrics adversarial learning

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Identification of Core Technological Topics in the New Energy Vehicle Industry: The SAO-BERTopic Topic Modeling Approach Based on Patent Text Mining 5

Identification of Core Technological Topics in the New Energ...

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Joint Workshop of the 5th Extraction and Evaluation of Knowledge Entities from Scientific Documents and the 4th AI + Informetrics, EEKE-AII 2024

作者： Zhu, Jianxin Chuang, Yutong Wang, Zhinan Li, Yunke Harbin Engineering University School of Economics and Management 150001 China Key Laboratory of Big Data and Business Intelligence Technology Ministry of Industry and Information Technology China

In the new energy vehicle industry, precise identification of core technologies is the key to promoting innovation and maintaining market competitiveness. In this article, a comprehensive approach combining information weight method and SAO-BERTopic topic model is proposed to extract and analyze core technologies from large-scale patent data. Through in-depth analysis of Incopat patent database, we use the information weight method to select high-quality core patents from four dimensions: technological, strategic, law and market value. These selected patents form the basis of the research data, which is then applied to the SAO-BERTopic model, which combines the advanced semantic understanding capabilities of BERTopic with the fine-structured characteristics of SAO analysis, greatly improving the efficiency and accuracy of identifying complex technical topics. This innovation of this research is not only applicable to the analysis of the technological development of the new energy vehicle industry, but also can provide valuable reference for other high-tech industries such as biomedicine, renewable energy and information technology. These fields also need to identify core technologies from a large number of patents. SAO-BERTopic's structured analysis framework can help these industries to insight into technology development trends, identify innovation opportunities, and provide data-driven decision support for enterprises, research institutions and governments, thus playing an important role in technology planning and market commercialization. © Copyright 2024 for this paper by its authors.

关键词： Commerce

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Local and Global Feature-Aware Dual-Branch Networks for Plant Disease Recognition

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植物表型组学（英文） 2024年第4期6卷 828-840页

作者： Jianwu Lin Xin Zhang Yongbin Qin Shengxian Yang Xingtian Wen Tomislav Cernava Quirico Migheli Xiaoyulong Chen Text Computing & Cognitive Intelligence Engineering Research Center of National Education Ministry College of Computer Science and TechnologyGuizhou UniversityGuiyang 550025China State Key Laboratory of Public Big Data College of Computer Science and TechnologyGuizhou UniversityGuiyang 550025China College of Big Data and Information Engineering Guizhou UniversityGuiyang 550025China Guizhou-Europe Environmental Biotechnology and Agricultural Informatics Oversea Innovation Center in Guizhou University Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology DepartmentGuiyang 550025China Text Computing & Cognitive Intelligence Engineering Research Center of National Education Ministry College of Computer Science and TechnologyGuizhou UniversityGuiyang 550025China State Key Laboratory of Public Big Data College of Computer Science and TechnologyGuizhou UniversityGuiyang 550025China College of Big Data and Information Engineering Guizhou UniversityGuiyang 550025China Guizhou-Europe Environmental Biotechnology and Agricultural Informatics Oversea Innovation Center in Guizhou University Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology DepartmentGuiyang 550025China College of Big Data and Information Engineering Guizhou UniversityGuiyang 550025China School of Biological Sciences Faculty of Environmental and Life SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthampton S017 1BJUK Dipartimento di Agraria and NRD-Nucleo di Ricerca sulla Desertificazione Università degli Studi di SassariSassariItaly Guizhou-Europe Environmental Biotechnology and Agricultural Informatics Oversea Innovation Center in Guizhou University Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology DepartmentGuiyang 550025China College of Life Sciences Guizhou UniversityGuiyang 550025China

Accurate identification of plant diseases is important for ensuring the safety of agricultural *** neural networks(CNNs)and visual transformers(VTs)can extract effective representations of images and have been widely used for the intelligent recognition of plant disease ***,CNNs have excellent local perception with poor global perception,and VTs have excellent global perception with poor local *** makes it difficult to further improve the performance of both CNNs and VTs on plant disease recognition *** this paper,we propose a local and global feature-aware dual-branch network,named LGNet,for the identification of plant *** specifically,we first design a dual-branch structure based on CNNs and VTs to extract the local and global ***,an adaptive feature fusion(AFF)module is designed to fuse the local and global features,thus driving the model to dynamically perceive the weights of different ***,we design a hierarchical mixed-scale unit-guided feature fusion(HMUFF)module to mine the key information in the features at different levels and fuse the differentiated information among them,thereby enhancing the model's multiscale perception ***,extensive experiments were conducted on the Al Challenger 2018 dataset and the self-collected corn disease(SCD)*** experimental results demonstrate that our proposed LGNet achieves state-of-the-art recognition performance on both the Al Challenger 2018 dataset and the SCD dataset,with accuracies of 88.74％and 99.08％,respectively.

关键词： global plant disease dual-branch feature-aware local networks recognition

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MULTI-SCALE RESNET INTEGRATED WITH ATTENTION MECHANISM FOR ENHANCED WHEAT FRESHNESS DIAGNOSIS BASED ON BIOPHOTONICS

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Acta Scientiarum Polonorum, Technologia Alimentaria 2024年第4期23卷 525-535页

作者： Shi, Weiya Chen, Liang Key Laboratory of Grain Information Processing and Control Ministry of Education Henan 450001 China Henan Key Laboratory of Grain Photoelectric Detection and Control Henan University of Technology Henan 450001 China College of Artificial Intelligence and Big Data Henan University of Technology Henan 450001 China

Background. Accurate detection of wheat freshness is important for ensuring the quality and safety of wheat products, thereby protecting the health and interests of consumers. Material and methods. This study integrates biophoton emission technology with advanced deep learning frameworks to transform the process of wheat freshness assessment. Leveraging the powerful feature extraction capabilities of the ResNet architecture, we employ a multi-scale framework integrated with the Gaussian Context Transformer (GCT) attention mechanism. The MS-GCT-ResNet method presents a groundbreaking approach that not only enhances the accuracy and efficiency of wheat freshness discrimination but also demonstrates the potential for combining biophysical phenomena with cutting-edge Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies for precision agriculture and food quality control. Results. This model enhances detection accuracy and adaptability, offering a powerful technique for the rapid and precise evaluation of wheat freshness. Its effectiveness is validated using years of wheat sample data. Based on the experimental results, MS-GCT-ResNet achieves a recognition accuracy of 93.6%. Compared with traditional CNN and ResNet models, the recognition accuracy increases by 1.9% and 1.1%, respectively. Conclusion. MS-GCT-ResNet is a highly promising, non-invasive, and efficient technological advancement capable of quickly and accurately assessing wheat freshness. This method holds immense potential to revolutionize the agriculture and food processing industries. © (2024), (Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Przyrodniczego w Poznaniu). All rights reserved.

关键词： attention mechanism biophoton emission detection multi-scale wheat freshness

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Ag@polydopamine-functionalized borate ester-linked chitosan hydrogel integrates monitoring with wound healing for epidermal sensor

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npj Flexible Electronics 2024年第1期8卷 43-54页

作者： Wei Shi Hui Li Chengsheng Xu Gaoyi Wu Jing Chen Jinyong Zhang Lixin Liang Qingyang Wu Yongsheng Liang Guanglin Li Wei Tang Key Laboratory of Human-Machine-Intelligence Synergic System Research Center for Neural EngineeringShenzhen Institutes of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenGuangdongChina College of Big Data and Internet Shenzhen Technology UniversityShenzhenGuangdongChina

Flexible sensors are promising candidates in personalized healthcare,while desired sensors that allow implantation for biomedical applications with optimal sensing and favorable biological properties remain ***,a multifunctional hydrogel sensor was developed with gallic acid-modified chitosan(CSGA)and 3-carboxyphenylboronic acid-modified chitosan(CSPBA)by encapsulating Agdecorated polydopamine(Ag@PDA)nanoparticles,namely Ag@PDA-(CSPBA/CSGA).The optimized hydrogel sensor showed desired sensitivity(gauge factor=2.49),a rapid response/recovery time of 263 ms and good *** to the presence of abundant reactive groups within Ag@PDA-(CSPBA/CSGA),the hydrogel sensor exhibited a comprehensive performance of self-healing,tissue adhesiveness,antioxidative activity,and antibacterial effects against Escherichia coli(92.76%)and Staphylococcus aureus(98.08%).Moreover,the hydrogel sensor could be utilized as a wound dressing,facilitating accelerated wound closure and tissue *** subtle activities and large-scale movements could be monitored and distinguished by the hydrogel *** study provides a promising epidermal sensor that offers multifunctionality for health monitoring and wound management.

关键词： wound desired durability

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Generalization Error Bounds for Two-stage Recommender Systems with Tree Structure 38

Generalization Error Bounds for Two-stage Recommender System...

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38th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems, NeurIPS 2024

作者： Zhang, Jin Liu, Ze Lian, Defu Chen, Enhong School of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science University of Science and Technology of China China School of Computer Science and Technology University of Science and Technology of China China State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Intelligence Anhui Hefei China

Two-stage recommender systems play a crucial role in efficiently identifying relevant items and personalizing recommendations from a vast array of options. This paper, based on an error decomposition framework, analyzes the generalization error for two-stage recommender systems with a tree structure, which consist of an efficient tree-based retriever and a more precise yet time-consuming ranker. We use the Rademacher complexity to establish the generalization upper bound for various tree-based retrievers using beam search, as well as for different ranker models under a shifted training distribution. Both theoretical insights and practical experiments on real-world datasets indicate that increasing the branches in tree-based retrievers and harmonizing distributions across stages can enhance the generalization performance of two-stage recommender systems. © 2024 Neural information processing systems foundation. All rights reserved.

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FormerTime: Hierarchical Multi-Scale Representations for Multivariate Time Series Classification 23

FormerTime: Hierarchical Multi-Scale Representations for Mul...

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2023 World Wide Web Conference, WWW 2023

作者： Cheng, Mingyue Liu, Qi Liu, Zhiding Li, Zhi Luo, Yucong Chen, Enhong Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Big Data Analysis and Application University of Science and Technology of China State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Intelligence Hefei China Shenzhen International Graduate School Tsinghua University Shenzhen China

ISBN: (纸本)9781450394161

Deep learning-based algorithms, e.g., convolutional networks, have significantly facilitated multivariate time series classification (MTSC) task. Nevertheless, they suffer from the limitation in modeling long-range dependence due to the nature of convolution operations. Recent advancements have shown the potential of transformers to capture long-range dependence. However, it would incur severe issues, such as fixed scale representations, temporal-invariant and quadratic time complexity, with transformers directly applicable to the MTSC task because of the distinct properties of time series data. To tackle these issues, we propose FormerTime, an hierarchical representation model for improving the classification capacity for the MTSC task. In the proposed FormerTime, we employ a hierarchical network architecture to perform multi-scale feature maps. Besides, a novel transformer encoder is further designed, in which an efficient temporal reduction attention layer and a well-informed contextual positional encoding generating strategy are developed. To sum up, FormerTime exhibits three aspects of merits: (1) learning hierarchical multi-scale representations from time series data, (2) inheriting the strength of both transformers and convolutional networks, and (3) tacking the efficiency challenges incurred by the self-attention mechanism. Extensive experiments performed on 10 publicly available datasets from UEA archive verify the superiorities of the FormerTime compared to previous competitive baselines. © 2023 ACM.

关键词： Time series

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SINN: A structural information-based neural network for traffic flow forecasting in large-scale road networks 4

SINN: A structural information-based neural network for traf...

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4th International Conference on Internet of Things and Smart City, IoTSC 2024

作者： Zhu, Weiguo Liu, Caiyuan Zhang, Xingyu Sun, Yongqi Key Laboratory of Big Data & Artificial Intelligence in Transportation Ministry of Education School of Computer and Information Technology Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing100044 China

ISBN: (纸本)9781510681767

Current traffic flow forecasting is a crucial component within intelligent transportation systems (ITSs). However, most existing studies still cannot be employed on large-scale data flow forecasting in real-world scenarios. In this paper, we design a spatiotemporal neural network called SINN for large-scale traffic flow forecasting tasks in real-world scenarios. First, we propose a transformer-based neural network to integrate the historical traffic flow into further traffic flow. Second, we propose a structural information-based hierarchical graph neural network module suitable for large-scale network structures, which can capture relevant node features within large-scale road networks for forecasting future traffic flow. Finally, we collect a large-scale traffic flow dataset and execute evaluation experiments. The experimental results indicate that SINN is capable of processing datasets with thousands of nodes. Compared with the methods that can execute the same scale datasets, SINN can make significant improvements by 44.29%, 26.54%, and 25.23% in the metrics of MAE, RMSE, and MAPE. © 2024 SPIE.

关键词： Graph neural networks

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DFGET: Displacement-Field Assisted Graph Energy Transmitter for Gland Instance Segmentation 17

DFGET: Displacement-Field Assisted Graph Energy Transmitter ...

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17th IEEE International Conference on Signal Processing, ICSP 2024

作者： Jian, Caiqing Qin, Yongbin Wang, Lihui Ye, Chen Cheng, Xinyu Guizhou University Engineering Research Center of Text Computing & Cognitive Intelligence Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Intelligent Medical Image Analysis and Precise Diagnosis of Guizhou Province State Key Laboratory of Public Big Data College of Computer Science and Technology Guiyang China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350387384

Gland instance segmentation is an essential but challenging task in the diagnosis of adenocarcinoma. The existing models usually achieve gland instance segmentation through multi-task learning and boundary loss constraint. However, how to deal with the problems of gland adhesion and inaccurate boundary in segmenting the complex samples remains a challenge. In this work, we propose a novel geometric feature named displacement field (DF), which can represent the geometric information such as shape, size, and orientation of the glands. Based on the explicit constraint of DF, a displacement-field assisted graph energy transmitter (DFGET) framework is proposed for solving the above problems. Using such graph framework, the gland semantic segmentation map and the displacement field of the graph nodes are estimated with two graph network branches. With the constraint of DF, a graph cluster module is presented to improve the intra-class feature consistency and inter-class feature discrepancy, as well as to separate the adherent glands. Extensive comparison and ablation experiments on the GlaS dataset demonstrate the effectiveness of the displacement field and the superiority of DFGET. Compared to the best comparative model, DFGET increases the object-Dice and object-F1 score by 2.27% and 3.11% respectively, while decreases the object-HD by 15.58, achieving state-of-the-art performance, which indicates that DFGET can serve as an auxiliary tool for the diagnosis of adenocarcinoma. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Semantic Segmentation

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Legal Risks and Governance Paths for Generative AI - A Case Study of ChatGPT 13

Legal Risks and Governance Paths for Generative AI - A Case ...

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13th International Conference on Information technology in Medicine and Education, ITME 2023

作者： Zhenfeng, Wang Quanwang, Lin Huihui, Gao Xiehua, Yu University of Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Big Data and Artificial Intelligence China MinNan Science and Technology University Fujian China School of Computer and Information MinNan Science and Technology University Quanzhou China University of Fujian Key Laboratory of Big Data and Artificial Intelligence Quanzhou China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350319156

The release of OpenAI's ChatGPT chatbot has sparked widespread concern around the world about the threats and legal issues of generative AI. Although this technological innovation has opened a new chapter in the field of artificial intelligence, it has also caused the public to worry about its possible negative effects. In order to solve the above problems and reasonably regulate the legal risks of generative artificial intelligence, this paper mainly adopts the literature, quantitative and qualitative analysis methods, etc. The first part mainly introduces the development process and current situation of generative artificial intelligence, the second part mainly discusses the impact of generative artificial intelligence on tort law, the third part mainly discusses the legal risks of generative artificial intelligence, and the fourth part mainly discusses the governance path of generative artificial intelligence legal risks. The last part is the conclusion of the research. Among them, the fourth part is the focus of this paper. By taking these issues into account, we can provide legal guarantees for the sustainable development of the generative AI industry and ensure that the widespread application of AI benefits human society[1]. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Artificial intelligence

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