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Autolysosomal Dysfunction in Obesity-induced Metabolic Inflammation and Related Disorders

Current Obesity Reports 2025年第1期14卷 1-16页

作者： Cheong, Lenny Yi Tong Saipuljumri, Eka Norfaishanty Loi, Gavin Wen Zhao Zeng, Jialiu Lo, Chih Hung Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine Nanyang Technological University Singapore 308232 Singapore Program in Neuroscience & Cognitive Science University of Arizona Tucson 85721 AZ United States School of Biomedical Sciences The University of Queensland St Lucia 4072 QLD Australia Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering Syracuse University Syracuse 13244 NY United States Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program Syracuse University Syracuse 13244 NY United States Department of Biology Syracuse University Syracuse 13244 NY United States

Purpose of Review: Obesity is a global health crisis affecting individuals across all age groups, significantly increasing the risk of metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes (T2D), metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), and cardiovascular diseases. The World Health Organization reported in 2022 that 2.5 billion adults were overweight, with 890 million classified as obese, emphasizing the urgent need for effective interventions. A critical aspect of obesity’s pathophysiology is meta-inflammation—a chronic, systemic low-grade inflammatory state driven by excess adipose tissue, which disrupts metabolic homeostasis. This review examines the role of autolysosomal dysfunction in obesity-related metabolic disorders, exploring its impact across multiple metabolic organs and evaluating potential therapeutic strategies that target autophagy and lysosomal function. Recent Findings: Emerging research highlights the importance of autophagy in maintaining cellular homeostasis and metabolic balance. Obesity-induced lysosomal dysfunction impairs the autophagic degradation process, contributing to the accumulation of damaged organelles and toxic aggregates, exacerbating insulin resistance, lipotoxicity, and chronic inflammation. Studies have identified autophagic defects in key metabolic tissues, including adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, liver, pancreas, kidney, heart, and brain, linking autophagy dysregulation to the progression of metabolic diseases. Preclinical investigations suggest that pharmacological and nutritional interventions—such as AMPK activation, caloric restriction mimetics, and lysosomal-targeting compounds—can restore autophagic function and improve metabolic outcomes in obesity models. Summary: Autolysosomal dysfunction is a pivotal contributor to obesity-associated metabolic disorders, influencing systemic inflammation and metabolic dysfunction. Restoring autophagy and lysosomal function holds promise as a therapeutic strategy to miti

关键词： Autophagy function Lysosomal acidification Metabolic inflammation Neurodegeneration Neuroinflammation Therapeutic strategies

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Injectable Platelet Lysate–Thai Silk Fibroin Hydrogel for Canine Intervertebral Disc Repair: A Minimally Invasive Strategy for Sustained Growth Factor Release

SSRN

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SSRN 2025年

作者： Ratanavaraporn, Juthamas Chayatup, Kannika Boonkruephan, Sarinthorn Keeratihattayakorn, Saran Wangdee, Chalika Interdisciplinary Program of Biomedical Engineering Program Faculty of Engineering Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand Biomedical Engineering Research Center Faculty of Engineering Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand Research Unit Chulalongkorn University Bangkok10330 Thailand Department of Veterinary Surgery Faculty of Veterinary Science Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand

Canine intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is a progressive spinal disorder that compromises mobility, induces chronic pain, and reduces quality of life. Existing treatments provide only symptomatic relief and do not halt disease progression or restore disc integrity. This study aims to develop and characterize an injectable platelet lysate–Thai silk fibroin (PL–TSF) hydrogel as a minimally invasive platform for localized and sustained growth factor delivery in canine IVDD treatment. The hydrogel was formulated using PL from expired canine platelet concentrates and TSF extracted from cocoons of Thai-bred Bombyx mori silkworms. Fabricated via sonication-induced gelation, it exhibited tunable gelation kinetics and injectability through a 27-gauge spinal needle, supporting clinical feasibility for minimally invasive delivery. PL incorporation enhanced the hydrogel’s elasticity and mechanical resilience without compromising scaffold integrity. The system demonstrated biphasic degradation over 35 days. TGF-β1 release kinetics exhibited an initial burst followed by sustained release over 28 days, consistent with diffusion-controlled delivery suitable for IVD repair. Cytotoxicity testing confirmed good biocompatibility and supported the viability of canine chondrocytes. By combining mechanical support with prolonged growth factor availability, PL–TSF hydrogels address key limitations of conventional platelet-based therapies and represent a promising strategy for early-stage IVDD intervention. Further in vivo studies are warranted to confirm long-term regenerative efficacy and facilitate clinical translation in veterinary medicine. © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Gelation

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Porous silicon on paper sensors: Factors affecting biosensing performance 17

Porous silicon on paper sensors: Factors affecting biosensin...

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Frontiers in Biological Detection: From Nanosensors to Systems XVII 2025

作者： An, Huijin Laibinis, Paul E. Locke, Andrea K. Weiss, Sharon M. Interdisciplinary Material Science Program Vanderbilt University NashvilleTN37235 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Vanderbilt University NashvilleTN37235 United States Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Vanderbilt University NashvilleTN37235 United States Department of Chemistry Vanderbilt University NashvilleTN37235 United States Department of Biomedical Engineering Vanderbilt University NashvilleTN37235 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781510684249

A paper-based biosensor integrating a functionalized porous silicon (PSi) membrane as the active sensing element for quantifiable protein detection has been developed. For similar short-time exposures to an analyte, improved molecular transport in PSi membranes when on paper leads to larger signal changes compared to traditional PSi films that remain on a silicon substrate. In this work, we discuss controlling the incubation time of the analyte and the overall testing time of the sensor by incorporating different combinations of wicking and absorbent paper beneath the PSi membrane. With this control, the PSi-on-paper sensor platform has the potential to serve as an effective low-cost rapid diagnostic test with highly sensitive, quantitative readout for a wide range of analytes. © 2025 SPIE.

关键词： Porous silicon

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DiffEGG: Diffusion-Driven Edge Generation as a Pixel-Annotation-Free Alternative for Instance Annotation

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Jo, Sanghyun Lee, Ziseok Lee, Wooyeol Kim, Kyungsu OGQ Seoul Korea Republic of Department of Biomedical Sciences Seoul National University Seoul Korea Republic of Department of Computer Science and Engineering Seoul National University Seoul Korea Republic of School of Transdisciplinary Innovations Interdisciplinary Program in Artificial Intelligence Seoul National University Seoul Korea Republic of

Achieving precise panoptic segmentation heavily relies on pixel-wise instance annotations, but obtaining such datasets is costly. Unsupervised instance segmentation (UIS) eliminates annotation requirements but struggles with adjacent instance merging and single-instance fragmentation, largely due to the limitations of DINO-based backbones, which lack strong instance separation cues. Weakly-supervised panoptic segmentation (WPS) reduces annotation costs by using sparse labels (e.g., points, boxes), yet these annotations remain expensive and introduce human bias and boundary errors, limiting performance. To address these challenges, we propose DiffEGG (Diffusion-Driven EdGe Generation), a fully annotation-free method that extracts instance-aware features from pretrained diffusion models to generate precise instance edge maps. DiffEGG fundamentally differs from prior UIS and WPS approaches by leveraging pretrained diffusion models as a backbone. Unlike DINO-based UIS methods, diffusion models inherently capture fine-grained, instance-aware features, enabling more precise boundary delineation. DiffEGG further enhances edge connectivity through self-supervised fine-tuning, progressively improving instance separation. For WPS, DiffEGG completely eliminates annotation costs and human bias by operating without any form of manual supervision, addressing the key limitations of prior best methods. Additionally, we introduce RIP, a post-processing technique that fuses DiffEGG’s edge maps with segmentation masks in a task-agnostic manner. This broad applicability allows DiffEGG to be seamlessly integrated into various segmentation frameworks. When applied to UIS, DiffEGG and RIP achieve an average +4.4 AP improvement over prior best UIS methods. When combined with weakly-supervised semantic segmentation (WSS), DiffEGG enables WPS without instance annotations, outperforming prior best point-supervised WPS methods by +1.7 PQ. These results demonstrate that DiffEGG’s edge maps serv

关键词： Semantic Segmentation

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A physical picture of liquid–liquid phase separation of proteins

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Journal of Molecular Liquids 2025年 424卷

作者： Kinoshita, Masahiro Hayashi, Tomohiko Nakamura, Yuka Yoshimori, Akira Katahira, Masato Nagata, Takashi Department of Chemistry of Science Chiba University 1-33 Yayoi-cho Inage Chiba263-8522 Japan Institute of Advanced Energy Kyoto University Kyoto Uji611-0011 Japan Interdisciplinary Program of Biomedical Engineering Assistive Technology and Art and Sports Sciences Faculty of Engineering Niigata University 8050 Ikarashi 2-no-cho Nishi-ku Niigata950-2181 Japan Department of Physics Niigata University Niigata950-2181 Japan

Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) of proteins, by which they assemble and partition into a protein-dense phase and a protein-dilute phase, has caught much attention due to its essential roles in a variety of biological processes. Nevertheless, its mechanism remains to be unveiled. Here we develop a physical picture covering almost all the aspects of LLPSs of diverse systems. In our view, when only the proteins are looked at, one of the two phases is liquid-like and the other is gas-like. We relate LLPS to gas–liquid phase separation (GLPS) of simple fluids wherein the pivotal quantity is kBT (kB is the Boltzmann constant and T is the absolute temperature) divided by the absolute value of the minimum of interaction potential between fluid particles. GLPS occurs only if the pivotal quantity is sufficiently small. For LLPS, the interaction potential must be replaced by the potential of mean force (PMF) between protein molecules in aqueous solution. We do not explicitly consider aqueous solution, and its influence on properties of protein molecules is incorporated in PMF. PMF can reach its deep minimum when the two protein molecules associate. A physical interpretation is given for GLPS from a statistical-mechanics point of view, and it is extended to LLPS. In the extension, we discuss not only the similarities between the two phase separations but also the physical factors to be taken into account only in LLPS due to the fact that proteins are large molecules possessing polyatomic structures and they are immersed in aqueous solution. LLPS can be categorized as a biological self-assembly process. By reconsidering the results obtained in our earlier studies on biological self-assembly processes, we specify the entropic and energetic factors driving or opposing coacervation (association) of protein molecules followed by LLPS. We clarify the differences between LLPSs of folded proteins (i.e., proteins in the native states) and intrinsically disordered proteins. There c

关键词： Alkali halides

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biomedical data and AI

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science China Life sciences 2025年第5期68卷 1536-1540页

作者： Hao Xu Shibo Zhou Zefeng Zhu Vincenzo Vitelli Liangyi Chen Ziwei Dai Ning Yang Luhua Lai Shengyong Yang Sergey Ovchinnikov Zhuoran Qiao Sirui Liu Chen Song Jianfeng Pei Han Wen Jianfeng Feng Yaoyao Zhang Zhengwei Xie Yang-Yu Liu Zhiyuan Li Fulai Jin Hao Li Mohammad Lotfollahi Xuegong Zhang Ge Yang Shihua Zhang Ge Gao Pulin Li Qi Liu Jing-Dong Jackie Han Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences (CLS) Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary StudiesPeking University Center for Quantitative Biology (CQB) Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary StudiesPeking University Peking University-Tsinghua University-National Institute of Biological Sciences Joint Graduate Program Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary StudiesPeking University Department of Physics University of Chicago School of Life Sciences Southern University of Science and Technology Peking University Chengdu Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Biotechnologies College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Department of Biotherapy Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan University Department of Biology Massachusetts Institute of Technology Lambic Therapeutics Inc. Changping Laboratory Al for Science Institute Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence Fudan University Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology West China Second University HospitalSichuan University Peking University International Cancer Institute and Peking University-Yunnan Baiyao International Medical Institute and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs Department of Molecular and Cellular PharmacologySchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesPeking University Health Science CenterPeking University Channing Division of Network Medicine Department of MedicineBrigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School Center for Artificial Intelligence and Modeling the Carl R.Woese Institute for Genomic BiologyUniversity of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences School of Medicine and Department of Computer and Data Sciences and Department of Population and Quantitative Health SciencesCase Western Reserve University Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics University of California Sanger Institute Department of Automation Tsinghua University State Key Laboratory of Multimodal Artificial Intelligence Systems I

The development of artificial intelligence(AI) and the mining of biomedical data complement each other. From the direct use of computer vision results to analyze medical images for disease screening, to now integrating biological knowledge into models and even accelerating the development of new AI based on biological discoveries, the boundaries of both are constantly expanding, and their connections are becoming closer.

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Chondrogenic and chondroprotective response of composite collagen I/II-hyaluronic acid scaffolds within an inflammatory osteoarthritic environment

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Biomaterials science 2025年 2025 May 12页

作者： Battistoni, Carly M. Munoz Briones, Javier Brubaker, Douglas K. Panitch, Alyssa Liu, Julie C. Davidson School of Chemical Engineering Purdue University West LafayetteIN47907 United States Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering Purdue University West LafayetteIN47907 United States Purdue Interdisciplinary Life Science Program Purdue University West LafayetteIN47907 United States Center for Global Health and Diseases Department of Pathology Case Western Reserve University ClevelandOH44016 United States Blood Heart Lung Immunology Research Center University Hospitals ClevelandOH44106 United States Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University AtlantaGA30332 United States

Inflammation plays a key role in cartilage damage that occurs in osteoarthritis (OA). However, in vitro assessments of tissue-engineered constructs for cartilage regeneration generally do not consider their performance in the presence of inflammation. In this work, the chondrogenic differentiation potential of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) was evaluated in the presence of both chondrogenic factors and inflammatory cytokines, and cartilage formation, degradative response, and inflammatory response were characterized. The addition of cytokines reduced cartilage production, increased cell proliferation, and resulted in an increase in inflammatory markers. Incorporation of hyaluronic acid (HA) had little impact on both collagen fibril microstructure and mechanical properties, two gel properties known to affect cell response, and thus allows the work to probe the biological impact of HA without the confounding effect of these gel properties. Regardless of in vitro environment, HA did not change cartilage production. The inflammatory response was similar with or without HA in terms of IL-6 and IL-10 secretion whereas IL-8 production exhibited some correlation with HA concentration as observed via a linear regression model. Additionally, in the presence of cytokines, inclusion of HA statistically decreased the gene- and protein-level expression of matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13). Thus, when exposed to both chondrogenic growth factors and inflammatory cytokines within a chondrogenic-promoting collagen I/II blended hydrogel, chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs was limited by the inflammatory environment. These findings emphasize the importance of understanding how biomaterials affect cell responses within disease-relevant inflammatory environments. © 2025 The Royal Society of Chemistry.

关键词： Fiber bonding

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High performance gamma-ray spectrometer based on Cs3Cu2I5 single crystal grown by room-temperature vacuum solvent-evaporation method

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Journal of Alloys and Compounds 2025年 1027卷

作者： Seo, Jiwon Song, Seungho Park, Minhwan Byun, Jangwon Park, Beomjun Park, Chansun Jang, Mee Yeom, Jung-Yeol Dept. of Health and Safety Convergence Science Korea University Seoul02841 Korea Republic of Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health Korea University Seoul02841 Korea Republic of Dept. of Bioengineering Korea University Seoul02841 Korea Republic of Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering Korea University Seoul02841 Korea Republic of The Institute for High Technology Materials and Devices Korea University Seoul02841 Korea Republic of Global Health Technology Center Korea University Seoul02841 Korea Republic of Daejeon34057 Korea Republic of School of Biomedical Engineering Korea University Seoul02841 Korea Republic of

In this study, the properties of Cs3Cu2I5 (CCI) crystals grown using the Slow Vacuum Evaporation Technique (SVET) were examined. Crystals were grown at room temperature (300 K, 27 °C) under vacuum conditions, producing single crystals with maximum diameter of 13 mm over 23 days. We confirmed excellent crystallinity via X-ray diffraction (XRD), compositional uniformity via X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and homogeneity via electron probe micro analyzer (EPMA). UV-Vis measurements indicated a high transmittance of 83 % and a bandgap of 3.64 eV. The Stokes shift of 110 nm, smaller than previously reported values, contributed to faster decay times and improved low-energy detection feasibility. Time-resolved photoluminescence (TR-PL) showed a rapid decay component (4.1 ns), accounting for 95.11 % of the total decay, demonstrating superior properties compared to existing reports. The gamma-ray detection capabilities of the CCI crystals were evaluated using six radioactive sources (Am-241, Ba-133, Co-57, Na-22, Cs-137, and Mn-54), achieving excellent energy resolution, including 5.2 % at 662 keV. The crystals displayed a highly linear response to gamma radiation (R² = 0.99998) with a light yield of 55,613 photons/MeV. Moreover, assessments of multiple crystals grown under identical conditions showed consistent performance with a coefficient of variation (CV) of 1.23 %. These findings confirm that SVET is a highly effective and cost-efficient method for producing high-quality CCI crystals, offering significant advantages over other growth techniques. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Gamma ray spectrometers

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Meter-scale heterostructure printing for high-toughness fiber electrodes in intelligent digital apparel

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Nature Communications 2025年第1期16卷 1-10页

作者： Lee, Gun-Hee Lee, Yunheum Seo, Hyeonyeob Jo, Kyunghyun Yeo, Jinwook Kim, Semin Bae, Jae-Young Kim, Chul Majidi, Carmel Kang, Jiheong Kang, Seung-Kyun Ryu, Seunghwa Park, Seongjun Medical Research Center Seoul National University Seoul South Korea Departments of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering and Optics & Mechatronics Engineering Pusan National University Busan South Korea Department of Bio and Brain Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon South Korea Program of Brain and Cognitive Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon South Korea Department of Mechanical Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon South Korea Graduate School of Semiconductor Technology Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon South Korea Department of Materials Science and Engineering Seoul National University Seoul South Korea Department of Mechanical Engineering Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA United States Department of Chemistry Seoul National University Seoul Seoul South Korea School of Transdisciplinary Innovations Seoul National University Seoul South Korea Department of Biomedical Science College of Medicine Seoul National University Seoul South Korea Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering College of Engineering Seoul National University Seoul South Korea Department of Transdisciplinary Medicine Seoul National University Hospital Seoul South Korea

Intelligent digital apparel, which integrates electronic functionalities into clothing, represents the future of healthcare and ubiquitous control in wearable devices. Realizing such apparel necessitates developing meter-scale conductive fibers with high toughness, conductivity, stable conductance under deformation, and mechanical durability. In this study, we present a heterostructure printing method capable of producing meter-scale (~50 m) biphasic conductive fibers that meet these criteria. Our approach involves encapsulating deformable liquid metal particles (LMPs) within a functionalized thermoplastic polyurethane matrix. This encapsulation induces in situ assembly of LMPs during fiber formation, creating a heterostructure that seamlessly integrates the matrix’s durability with the LMPs’ superior electrical performance. Unlike rigid conductive materials, deformable LMPs offer stretchability and toughness with a low gauge factor. Through precise twisting using an engineered annealing machine, multiple fiber strands are transformed into robust, electrically stable meter-scale electrodes. This advancement enhances their practicality in various intelligent digital apparel applications, such as stretchable displays, wearable healthcare systems, and digital controls. © The Author(s) 2025.

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Bioimplant-on-a-Chip for Facile Investigation of Periodontal Ligament Formation on Biogenic Hydroxyapatite/Ti6Al4 V Implants

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ACS applied materials & interfaces 2025年第21期17卷 2025 May 13页

作者： Sangbae Park Jae Eun Kim Juo Lee Woochan Kim Woobin Choi Myung Chul Lee Jae Woon Lim Kyoung-Je Jang Hoon Seonwoo Jangho Kim Jong Hoon Chung Department of Biosystems Engineering Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Korea. Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea. Integrated Major in Global Smart Farm College of Agriculture and Life Sciences Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea. Department of Convergent Biosystems Engineering College of Life Science and Natural Resources Sunchon National University Suncheon 57922 Republic of Korea. Department of Convergence Biosystems Engineering Chonnam National University Gwangju 61186 Republic of Korea. Department of Rural and Biosystems Engineering Chonnam National University Gwangju 61186 Republic of Korea. Interdisciplinary Program in IT-Bio Convergence System Chonnam National University Gwangju 61186 Republic of Korea. Medicinal Materials Research Center Biomedical Research Division Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) Seoul 02792 Republic of Korea. Department of Bio-Systems Engineering Institute of Smart Farm Gyeongsang National University Jinju 52828 Republic of Korea. Institute of Agriculture & Life Science Gyeongsang National University Jinju 52828 Republic of Korea. Interdisciplinary Program in IT-Bio Convergence System Sunchon National University Suncheon 57922 Republic of Korea. Institute of Nano-Stem Cells Therapeutics NANOBIOSYSTEM Co. Ltd Gwangju 61008 Republic of Korea. ELBIO Inc Seoul 08812 Republic of Korea.

Highly osseointegrative dental implants surrounded by reconstructed periodontal tissues represent a promising strategy for functional tooth replacement, as they mimic the structural and physiological characteristics of natural teeth. However, there is currently a lack of in vitro platforms that can effectively evaluate the integration of engineered periodontal ligament (PDL) tissues with bioimplants. In this study, we developed a bioimplant-on-a-chip (BoC) platform designed to recapitulate the native PDL-cementum interface and assess the early stage biological performance of bioimplants in vitro. The BoC consists of a dental implant, a calcium phosphate cement (CPC) insert, a nanopatterned polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate, and PDL-like tissue derived from human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). To establish viable culture conditions within the platform, surface coatings and cell seeding densities were optimized to support the formation of PDL-like tissue. Nanogrooved substrates were incorporated to guide cellular alignment, which was assessed through orientation analysis. Collagen fiber organization and matrix deposition were further examined as indicators of ligamentous tissue maturation. Cementogenic activity was evaluated by immunofluorescent staining of cementum protein-1 (CEMP-1) in response to varying biogenic hydroxyapatite (bHA) contents in the bioimplants. The results demonstrated successful reproduction of a PDL-like tissue interface and material-dependent differences in CEMP-1 expression. This platform provides a modular and reproducible tool for the comparative evaluation of bioimplants in a physiologically relevant setting and may be useful in advancing regenerative strategies in dental implantology.

关键词： bioimplant-on-a-chip bioimplants in vitro model periodontal ligament tissue engineering

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