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arXiv 2024年

作者： Deighton, Jared Zhong, Shan Agyeman, Kofi Choi, Wooseong Liu, Charles Lee, Darrin Maroulas, Vasileios Christopoulos, Vasileios Department of Mathematics University of Tennessee Knoxville KnoxvilleTN United States Neuroscience graduate program University of California Riverside RiversideCA United States Department of Bioengineering University of California Riverside RiversideCA United States Alfred E.Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Southern California Los AngelesCA United States Department of Neurological Surgery Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California Los AngelesCA United States Neurorestoration Center Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California Los AngelesCA United States Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center DowneyCA United States

Functional ultrasound imaging (fUSI) is a cutting-edge technology that measures changes in cerebral blood volume (CBV) by detecting backscattered echoes from red blood cells moving within its field of view (FOV). It offers high spatiotemporal resolution and sensitivity, allowing for detailed visualization of cerebral blood flow dynamics. While fUSI has been utilized in preclinical drug development studies to explore the mechanisms of action of various drugs targeting the central nervous system, many of these studies have primarily focused on predetermined regions of interest (ROIs). This focus may overlook relevant brain activity outside these specific areas, which could influence the results. To address this limitation, we combined convolutional neural networks (CNNs) with fUSI to comprehensively understand the pharmacokinetic process of Dizocilpine, also known as MK-801, a drug that blocks the N-Methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor in the central nervous system. CNN and class activation mapping (CAM) revealed the spatiotemporal effects of MK-801, which originated in the cortex and propagated to the hippocampus, demonstrating the ability to detect dynamic drug effects over time. Additionally, CNN and CAM assessed the impact of anesthesia on the spatiotemporal hemodynamics of the brain, revealing no distinct patterns between early and late stages. The integration of fUSI and CNN provides a powerful tool to gain insights into the spatiotemporal dynamics of drug action in the brain. This combination enables a comprehensive and unbiased assessment of drug effects on brain function, potentially accelerating the development of new therapies in neuropharmacological studies. © 2024, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Ultrasonic imaging

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Hybrid dedicated and distributed coding in PMd/M1 provides separation and interaction of bilateral arm signals

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PLoS Computational Biology 2021年第11期17卷 e1009615-e1009615页

作者： Dixon, Tanner C. Merrick, Christina M. Wallis, Joni D. Ivry, Richard B. Carmena, Jose M. UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering University of California-Berkeley BerkeleyCA United States Department of Psychology University of California-Berkeley BerkeleyCA United States Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute University of California-Berkeley BerkeleyCA United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences University of California-Berkeley BerkeleyCA United States

Pronounced activity is observed in both hemispheres of the motor cortex during preparation and execution of unimanual movements. The organizational principles of bi-hemispheric signals and the functions they serve throughout motor planning remain unclear. Using an instructed-delay reaching task in monkeys, we identified two components in population responses spanning PMd and M1. A "dedicated"component, which segregated activity at the level of individual units, emerged in PMd during preparation. It was most prominent following movement when M1 became strongly engaged, and principally involved the contralateral hemisphere. In contrast to recent reports, these dedicated signals solely accounted for divergence of arm-specific neural subspaces. The other "distributed"component mixed signals for each arm within units, and the subspace containing it did not discriminate between arms at any stage. The statistics of the population response suggest two functional aspects of the cortical network: One that spans both hemispheres for supporting preparatory and ongoing processes, and another that is predominantly housed in the contralateral hemisphere and specifies unilateral output. © 2021 Dixon et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

关键词： Population statistics

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Movement analysis of upper limbs during motor task in down syndrome immediately after TDCS combined with non-immersive virtual reality

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Gait & Posture 2021年 90卷 137-138页

作者： J.B.P. Lopes L.C. Barbosa R.B. Parreira N.D.A.C. Duarte T.D. Silva C.B.D.M. Monteiro B. Conway M. Galli V. Cimolin C. Oliveira São Paulo Santa Casa School of Medical Sciences. Health Sciences Program São Paulo Brazil Evangelical University of Goiás- UniEVANGÉLICA - Anápolis -Goiás- Brazil Undergraduate Course in Physiotherapy Anápolis Brazil Evangelical University of Goiás- UniEVANGÉLICA - Anápolis -Goiás- Brazil Postgraduate Program Anápolis Brazil Paulista School of Medicine- Federal University of São Paulo Department of Medicine Cardiology São Paulo Brazil University of São Paulo USP Faculty of Medicine- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences São Paulo Brazil University of Strathclyde Department of Bioengineering Glasgow United Kingdom Politecnico di Milano Department of Electronics- Information and Bioengineering Milan Italy

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Prediction of cardiac differentiation in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte supernatant using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and machine learning

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Biosensors and Bioelectronics 2025年 283卷 117528页

作者： Echeverría-Altamar, Karla Barreto-Gamarra, Carlos Domenech-García, Maribella Resto-Irizarry, Pedro Bioengineering Graduate Program University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez Mayagüez 00680 Puerto Rico Chemical Engineering Department University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez Mayagüez 00680 Puerto Rico Mechanical Engineering Department University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez Mayagüez 00680 Puerto Rico

The efficient manufacturing of cardiomyocytes from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) is essential for advancing regenerative therapies for myocardial injuries. However, ensuring cell quality during production is challenging since traditional methods are invasive, destructive, and time-consuming. In this study, we monitored cardiomyocyte differentiation of WTC11 hiPSCs by analyzing conditioned media collected at various stages using Raman spectroscopy, multivariate analysis, and machine learning. Differentiation efficiency was confirmed via flow cytometry and immunostaining. Raman spectra were processed using standard normal variate and second derivative transformations before performing a principal component analysis (PCA) and machine learning (Random Forest, K-Nearest Neighbors, and Deep Neural Networks [DNN]). Results show that PCA was unable to distinguish cells based on differentiation stages, while machine learning could reliably predict cell differentiation early in the cardiac cell manufacturing process. DNN models achieved accuracies exceeding 82 % in predicting differentiation, highlighting their potential as quality control tools. These findings underscore the potential of Raman spectroscopy coupled with machine learning as a tool for real-time monitoring of cardiomyocyte production. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Deep neural networks

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Fourier diffuserscope: Single-shot 3d fourier light field microscopy with a diffuser

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Liu, Fanglin Linda Grace, K.U.O. Antipa, Nick Yanny, Kyrollos Waller, Laura Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences University of California Berkeley94709 United States UCB/UCSF Joint Graduate Program in Bioengineering University of California BerkeleyCA94709 United States

Light field microscopy (LFM) uses a microlens array (MLA) near the sensor plane of a microscope to achieve single-shot 3D imaging of a sample, without any moving parts. Unfortunately, the 3D capability of LFM comes with a significant loss of lateral resolution at the focal plane, which is highly undesirable in microscopy. Placing the MLA near the pupil plane of the microscope, rather than the image plane, can mitigate the artifacts near focus and provide an efficient shift-invariant model at the expense of field-of-view. Here, we show that our Fourier DiffuserScope achieves significantly better performance than Fourier LFM. Fourier DiffuserScope uses a diffuser in the pupil plane to encode depth information, then reconstructs volumetric information computationally by solving a sparsity-constrained inverse problem. Our diffuser consists of randomly placed microlenses with varying focal lengths. We show that by randomizing the microlens positions, a larger lateral field-of-view can be achieved compared to a conventional MLA;furthermore, by adding diversity to the focal lengths, the axial depth range is increased. To predict system performance based on diffuser parameters, we for the first time establish a theoretical framework as a design guideline, followed by numerical simulations to verify. Under both theoretical and numerical analysis, we demonstrate that our diffuser design provides more uniform resolution over a larger volume, both laterally and axially, outperforming the MLA used in LFM. We build an experiment system with an optimized lens set and achieve 3 volume. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Microlenses

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Development of Ibuprofen-Impregnated nanofibrillar embranes for oral surgery

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International Dental Journal 2024年 74卷 S65-S65页

作者： Mena Porras Esteban Guevara Hidalgo Maria Francinie Rojas Artavia Laura Contreras Aleman Annaby Cespedes Ajun Paola Avendano Soto Esteban Alvarez Perez Marco Antonio Batista Diego Chavarria Bolanos Daniel School of Dentistry University of Costa Rica San Jose Costa Rica CICIMA University of Costa Rica San Jose Costa Rica Tissue Bioengineering Laboratory UNAM Mexico DF Mexico LANOTEC/CENAT San Jose Costa Rica Dentistry Graduate Program University of Costa Rica San Jose Costa Rica

AIM or PURPOSE To synthesize polylactic acid (PLA) nanofibrillar spun mats loaded with Ibuprofen (IBU) designed by electrospinning (ES) and airjet spinning (AJS), and to analyze its physicochemical properties, release profile and biocompatibility. MATERIALS and METHOD Solutions of 10% (w/v) of PLA with IBU (10%, 20% and 30%) were prepared using ES and AJS to obtain nanofibrillar spun membranes, which were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The drug release profile was analyzed by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry (UV-vis); and osteoblasts proliferation and adhesion was examined. T-student, likelihood ratio and one-way Anova tests were used to statistically compare fibers dimensions, release profile and cell proliferation respectively. RESULTS The combination between PLA and IBU didn´t affected the drug chemical nature. SEM analysis showed randomly arranged fibers, which formed a reticulated mesh. The fibers sizes were statistically different only for the 20% IBU group (p<0.05). Inflection point evaluated by TGA showed changes in function of IBU concentration; and DSC demonstrated thermodynamic stability of the scaffolds, with changes in enthalpy suggesting the presence of IBU. IBU presence was confirmed by FT-IR and by UV-vis. The release profiles (AJS vs ES) using the likelihood ratio test didn't showed statistical (LR = 0.13126 and P = 0.9365). Cell adhesion (4-24 hours) and cell viability (2, 4 and 6 days) showed similar behaviors. CONCLUSION(S) PLA-IBU nanofibrillar systems were obtained by AJS and ES. Both techniques allowed the obtention of membranes with stable and comparable physicochemical properties, release profiles and biocompatible behaviors.

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Development of a virtual reality environment for rehabilitation of tetraplegics 13

Development of a virtual reality environment for rehabilitat...

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13th International Conference on Biomedical Electronics and Devices, BIODEVICES 2020 - Part of 13th International Joint Conference on Biomedical Engineering Systems and Technologies, BIOSTEC 2020

作者： Ginja, Gabriel Augusto Varoto, Renato Cliquet, Alberto Bioengineering Post Graduate Program University of São Paulo Av. Trabalhador São Carlense 400 São CarlosCEP 13566-590 Brazil Electrical and Computing Engineering Department University of São Paulo São Carlos SP Brazil Orthopedics and Traumatology Department Faculty of Medical Sciences University of Campinas Campinas SP Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9789897583988

Treatments based on Virtual Reality have been successfully used in motor rehabilitation of issues such as Spinal Cord Injury and Stroke. Highly immersive Virtual environments combined with biofeedback can be utilized to train functional activities on patients with these motor disabilities. This work details the development of a portable Virtual Reality environment to train upper limbs activities on Spinal Cord Injury subjects. The Virtual Reality environment depicts a personalized physiotherapy room where the user trains elbow and shoulder by reaching 5 spots on table. Also the user have a biofeedback of both hands’ position. Finally this system will be integrated a pilot biomechanical analysis using The Motion Monitor system to compare a group of patients before and after a 6 week intervention with Virtual Reality. Copyright © 2020 by SCITEPRESS – Science and Technology Publications, Lda. All rights reserved.

关键词： Virtual reality

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Assessment and comparison of postural control between children and adults with visual impairment: A preliminary study

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Gait & Posture 2023年 106卷 S144-S144页

作者： Toledo, Roberta C Cardoso, Deborah C S Ferreira, Marya Eduarda A S Silva, Jamily G Nascimento, Maiquilaine M N Trindade, Andrei M V Silva, Giovana L Borges, Rodolfo P Galli, Manuela Oliveira, Claudia Evangelical University of Goiás- UniEVANGÉLICA Postgraduate Program Anápolis Brazil Evangelical University of Goiás- UniEVANGÉLICA Graduate Course in Physiotherapy Anápolis Brazil São Paulo Santa Casa School of Medical Sciences- Health Sciences Program São Paulo Brazil Politecnico di Milano Department of Electronic- Information and Bioengineering Anápolis Brazil

IntroductionVision is one of the elements involving in maintaining balance. 1 In the absence of vision, compensatory mechanisms are needed for the effective maintenance of balance. 2 In the comparison of the balance control process between children and adults with visual impairment, vision may not be involved in children due to the insufficient coordination of visual movements. 3,4 In adults, it has been suggested that the automatic posture response system is not affected by vision at birth. To clarify these issues, the aim of the present study was to identify differences in postural control between children and adults with visual impairment. Research questionWhat differences in postural control are found between children and adults with visual impairment? MethodsBlind individuals participated in the study: eight male and female children with a mean age of 8.8 ± 2 years) and six male and female adults with a mean age of 37.5 ± 6 years. Postural control was assessed using the SMART-D 140® system with two Kistler force platforms (model 9286BA) to determine oscillations in the center of pressure (CoP). The participants were instructed to remain in the standing position with arms alongside the body for 30 seconds under four conditions: eyes open and eyes closed with and without proprioceptive disturbance. Proprioceptive disturbance was achieved using a form rubber mat measuring 5 cm in height placed on the force platform. ResultsTable 1 shows the median COP values. The Mann-Whitney test revealed that the main differences regarded COP M/L and COP velocity. Irrespective of the condition, blind adults swayed more than the blind children, with large effect size (r = 0.82). Interestingly, even challenging the sensory system, we did not find any significant difference in the two groups (p > 0.05). Table 1: The median COP values. DiscussionIn the comparison of postural control between blind children and blind adults, the adults used the hip strategy (M/L COP) for better postur

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Erratum: Bok's equi-volume principle: Translation, historical context, and a modern perspective

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Brain Multiphysics 2024年 7卷

作者： Jack Consolini Nagehan Demirci Andrew Fulwider Jeffrey J. Hutsler Maria A. Holland Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering University of Notre Dame Notre Dame IN 46556 USA Bioengineering Graduate Program University of Notre Dame Notre Dame IN 46556 USA Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Notre Dame Notre Dame IN 46556 USA Department of German and Russian Languages and Literatures University of Notre Dame Notre Dame IN 46556 USA Program in Neuroscience University of Nevada Reno NV 89557 USA

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Spectral DiffuserCam: lensless snapshot hyperspectral imaging with a spectral filter array

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Monakhova, Kristina Yanny, Kyrollos Aggarwal, Neerja Waller, Laura Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Sciences University of California BerkeleyCA94720 United States UCB/UCSF Joint Graduate Program in Bioengineering University of California BerkeleyCA94720 United States

Hyperspectral imaging is useful for applications ranging from medical diagnostics to crop monitoring;however, traditional scanning hyperspectral imagers are prohibitively slow and expensive for widespread adoption. Snapshot techniques exist but are often confined to bulky bench-top setups or have low spatio-spectral resolution. In this paper, we propose a novel, compact, and inexpensive computational camera for snapshot hyperspectral imaging. Our system consists of a repeated spectral filter array placed directly on the image sensor and a diffuser placed close to the sensor. Each point in the world maps to a unique pseudorandom pattern on the spectral filter array, which encodes multiplexed spatio-spectral information. A sparsity-constrained inverse problem solver then recovers the hyperspectral volume with good spatio-spectral resolution. By using a spectral filter array, our hyperspectral imaging framework is flexible and can be designed with contiguous or non-contiguous spectral filters that can be chosen for a given application. We provide theory for system design, demonstrate a prototype device, and present experimental results with high spatio-spectral resolution. © 2020 Optical Society of America under the terms of the OSA Open Access Publishing Agreement Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Spectroscopy

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