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Vascular biology (Bristol, England) 2023年第1期5卷 e230010页

作者： Sheridan M Sargent Stephanie K Bonney Yuandong Li Stefan Stamenkovic Marc M Takeno Vanessa Coelho-Santos Andy Y Shih Neuroscience Graduate Program University of Washington Seattle Washington USA. Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Seattle Children's Research Institute Seattle Washington USA. Allen Institute for Brain Science Seattle Washington USA. Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research University of Coimbra Portugal. Institute of Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health University of Coimbra Portugal. Department of Pediatrics University of Washington Seattle Washington USA. Department of Bioengineering University of Washington Seattle Washington USA.

The high metabolic demand of brain tissue is supported by a constant supply of blood flow through dense microvascular networks. Capillaries are the smallest class of vessels in the brain and their lumens vary in diameter between ~2 and 5 μm. This diameter range plays a significant role in optimizing blood flow resistance, blood cell distribution, and oxygen extraction. The control of capillary diameter has largely been ascribed to pericyte contractility, but it remains unclear if the architecture of the endothelial wall also contributes to capillary diameter. Here, we use public, large-scale volume electron microscopy data from mouse cortex (MICrONS Explorer, Cortical mm3) to examine how endothelial cell number, endothelial cell thickness, and pericyte coverage relates to microvascular lumen size. We find that transitional vessels near the penetrating arteriole and ascending venule are composed of two to six interlocked endothelial cells, while the capillaries intervening these zones are composed of either one or two endothelial cells, with roughly equal proportions. The luminal area and diameter are on average slightly larger with capillary segments composed of two interlocked endothelial cells vs one endothelial cell. However, this difference is insufficient to explain the full range of capillary diameters seen in vivo. This suggests that both endothelial structure and other influences, including pericyte tone, contribute to the basal diameter and optimized perfusion of brain capillaries.

关键词： endothelium imaging microvasculature vascular heterogeneity vascular homeostasis

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Author Correction: Weak correlations between hemodynamic signals and ongoing neural activity during the resting state

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Nature neuroscience 2022年第7期25卷 975页

作者： Aaron T Winder Christina Echagarruga Qingguang Zhang Patrick J Drew Center for Neural Engineering Pennsylvania State University University Park PA USA. Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics Pennsylvania State University University Park PA USA. Graduate Program in Bioengineering Pennsylvania State University University Park PA USA. Center for Neural Engineering Pennsylvania State University University Park PA USA. pjd17@psu.edu. Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics Pennsylvania State University University Park PA USA. pjd17@psu.edu. Graduate Program in Bioengineering Pennsylvania State University University Park PA USA. pjd17@psu.edu. Department of Neurosurgery and Department of Biomedical Engineering Pennsylvania State University University Park PA USA. pjd17@psu.edu.

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Synthetic CT Generation Using MRI with Deep Learning: How Does the Selection of Input Images Affect the Resulting Synthetic CT?

Synthetic CT Generation Using MRI with Deep Learning: How Do...

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IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing

作者： Andrew P. Leynes Peder E. Z. Larson UC Berkeley - UC San Francisco Joint Graduate Program in Bioengineering

ISBN: (纸本)9781538646595

Synthetic x-ray computed tomography (CT) images derived from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a recent area of focus for medical imaging researchers for applications in attenuation correction in simultaneous PET/MRI systems and MRI-guided radiotherapy planning. Several research groups have demonstrated the potential of deep learning to generate the synthetic CT images, however, there are several major open questions that remain with this approach. We investigated how the selection of MRI inputs affect the resulting output using a fixed network. We found that Dixon MRI may be sufficient for quantitatively accurate synthetic CT images and ZTE MRI may provide additional information to capture bowel air distributions.

关键词： synthetic ct deep learning mri Dixon mri zero echo-time mri

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Changing the public perception of human embryology ( vol 25, pg 1717, 2023)

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NATURE CELL BIOLOGY 2023年第12期25卷 1884-1884页

作者： Rivron, Nicolas C. Martinez-Arias, Alfonso Sermon, Karen Mummery, Christine Scholer, Hans R. Wells, James Nichols, Jenny Hadjantonakis, Anna-Katerina Lancaster, Madeline A. Moris, Naomi Fu, Jianping Sturmey, Roger G. Niakan, Kathy Rossant, Janet Kato, Kazuto Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA) Vienna BioCenter (VBC) Vienna Austria Systems Bioengineering MELIS Universidad Pompeu Fabra and Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA) Barcelona Spain Research Group Reproduction and Genetics Vrije Universiteit Brussel Brussels Belgium European Society for Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE) Strombeek-Bever Belgium Leiden University Medical Center Leiden the Netherlands Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine Münster Germany Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati OH USA Division of Developmental Biology Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati OH USA MRC Human Genetics Unit Institute of Genetics and Cancer The University of Edinburgh Crewe Road Edinburgh UK Developmental Biology Program Sloan Kettering Institute Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York NY USA MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology Cambridge UK The Francis Crick Institute London UK Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA Department of Cell & Developmental Biology University of Michigan Medical School Ann Arbor MI USA Biomedical Institute for Multimorbidity Hull York Medical School University of Hull Hull UK Cambridge Reproduction University of Cambridge Cambridge UK The Centre for Trophoblast Research Department of Physiology Development and Neuroscience University of Cambridge Cambridge UK Human Embryo and Stem Cell Laboratory The Francis Crick Institute London UK Wellcome Trust–Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute University of Cambridge Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre Cambridge UK Epigenetics Programme Babraham Institute Cambridge UK The Hospital for Sick Children Toronto ON Canada Department of Biomedical Ethics and Public Policy Graduate School of Medicin

Human embryology is flourishing thanks to an impetus provided by embryo models formed from stem cells. These scientific advances require meticulous experimental work and a refined ethical framework, but also sensible ... 详细信息

关键词： Embryology Embryonic stem cells

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Subcellular western blotting of single cells

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2017年第1期3卷 405-413页

作者： Kevin A.Yamauchi Amy E.Herr Department of Bioengineering University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA 94720USA The UC Berkeley—UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA 94720USA

Although immunoassays are the de facto standard for determining subcellular protein localization in individual cells,antibody probe cross-reactivity and fixation artifacts remain confounding *** enhance selectivity while providing single-cell resolution,we introduce a subcellular western blotting technique capable of separately assaying proteins in the 14 pL cytoplasm and 2 pL nucleus of individual *** confer precision fluidic control,we describe a passive multilayer microdevice that leverages the rapid transport times afforded by *** isolating single cells in microwells,we apply single-cell differential detergent fractionation to lyse and western blot the cytoplasmic lysate,whereas the nucleus remains intact in the ***,we lyse the intact nucleus and western blot the nuclear *** index each protein analysis to the originating subcellular compartment,we utilize bi-directional electrophoresis,a multidimensional separation that assays the lysate from each compartment in a distinct region of the separation ***-cell bi-directional electrophoresis eliminates the need for semi-subjective image segmentation algorithms required in *** subcellular,single-cell western blot is demonstrated for six targets per cell,and successfully localizes spliceosome-associated proteins solubilized from large protein and RNA complexes,even for closely sized proteins(a 7 kDa difference).Measurement of NF-κB translocation dynamics in unfixed cells at 15-min intervals demonstrates reduced technical variance compared with *** chemical cytometry assay directly measures the nucleocytoplasmic protein distribution in individual unfixed cells,thus providing insight into protein signaling in heterogeneous cell populations.

关键词： cytometry microfluidic design proteomics single-cell analysis

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Glucocorticoids cause mandibular bone fragility and suppress osteocyte perilacunar-canalicular remodeling

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Bone Reports 2018年 9卷 145-153页

作者： Alemi, A. Sean Mazur, Courtney M. Fowler, Tristan W. Woo, Jonathon J. Knott, P. Daniel Alliston, Tamara Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery University of California San Francisco United States Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of California San Francisco United States UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering United States

Osteocytes support dynamic, cell-intrinsic resorption and deposition of bone matrix through a process called perilacunar/canalicular remodeling (PLR). In long bones, PLR depends on MMP13 and is tightly regulated by PTH, sclerostin, TGFβ, and glucocorticoids. However, PLR is regulated differently in the cochlea, suggesting a mechanism that is anatomically distinct. Unlike long bones, the mandible derives from neural crest and exhibits unique susceptibility to medication and radiation induced osteonecrosis. Therefore, we sought to determine if PLR in the mandible is suppressed by glucocorticoids, as it is in long bone. Hemimandibles were collected from mice subcutaneously implanted with prednisolone or vehicle containing pellets for 7, 21, or 55 days (n = 8/group) for radiographic and histological analyses. Within 21 days, micro-computed tomography revealed a glucocorticoid-dependent reduction in bone volume/total volume and trabecular thickness and a significant decrease in bone mineral density after 55 days. Within 7 days, glucocorticoids strongly and persistently repressed osteocytic expression of the key PLR enzyme MMP13 in both trabecular and cortical bone of the mandible. Cathepsin K expression was significantly reduced only after 55 days of glucocorticoid treatment, at which point histological analysis revealed a glucocorticoid-dependent reduction in the lacunocanalicular surface area. In addition to reducing bone mass and suppressing PLR, glucocorticoids also reduced the stiffness of mandibular bone in flexural tests. Thus, osteocyte PLR in the neural crest-derived mandible is susceptible to glucocorticoids, just as it is in the mesodermally-derived femur, highlighting the need to further study PLR as a target of drugs, and radiation in mandibular osteonecrosis. © 2018

关键词： Glucocorticoids Mandible Osteocyte Perilacunar/canalicular remodeling

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Deep learning-based super-resolution and image transformation into structured illumination microscopy

Deep learning-based super-resolution and image transformatio...

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Microscopy Histopathology and Analytics, Microscopy 2020

作者： Wang, Hongda Rivenson, Yair Jin, Yiyin Wei, Zhensong Gao, Ronald Günaydin, Harun Bentolila, Laurent A. Kural, Comert Ozcan, Aydogan Electrical and Computer Engineering Department University of California Los AngelesCA90095 United States Bioengineering Department University of California Los AngelesCA90095 United States California NanoSystems Institute University of California Los AngelesCA90095 United States Computer Science Department University of California Los AngelesCA90095 United States Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California Los AngelesCA90095 United States Department of Physics Ohio State University ColumbusOH43210 United States Biophysics Graduate Program Ohio State University ColumbusOH43210 United States Department of Surgery David Geffen School of Medicine University of California Los AngelesCA90095 United States

We demonstrate single-image super-resolution in fluorescence microscopy using a trained neural-network, matching the resolution of structured illumination microscopy (SIM). This performance is achieved without any par... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781943580743

关键词： Fluorescence microscopy

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Bioprospecting culturable and unculturable microbial consortia through metagenomics for bioremediation

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Cleaner Chemical Engineering 2022年 2卷

作者： Atif Khurshid Wani Nahid Akhtar Nafiaah Naqash Chirag Chopra Reena Singh Vineet Kumar Sunil Kumar Sikandar I. Mulla Juliana Heloisa Pinê Américo-Pinheiro School of Bioengineering and Biosciences Lovely Professional University Phagwara Punjab 144411 India Waste Re-processing Division CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI) Nehru Marg Nagpur 440020 Maharashtra India Department of Biochemistry School of Applied Sciences REVA University Bangalore 560 064 India Post-graduate Program in Environmental Sciences Brazil University Street Carolina Fonseca 584 São Paulo SP 08230-030 Brazil

With the enormous increase in population and industrial network, the harmful pollutants affecting biota have also escalated. The pollutants are consumed by living organisms directly or indirectly reducing animal and economic wellbeing. The degradation of contaminants is imperative owing to the prolonged persistence of contaminants like plastics, heavy metals, pesticides, dyes, pharmaceuticals, and hydrocarbons. Remediation of such pollutants requires efficient methods to prevent mobilizing-contaminants leaching into soil and finally to human beings. In this regard, metagenomics (MGs), a non-culturable technique, involving the direct recovery of the genetic material from environmental samples is an effective tool for understanding the remediation process mediated by microorganisms and their gene products like enzymes. MGs offers a gateway to previously hidden microbial communities grown in the normal and extreme environment through sequence-based or function-based approaches. The culture-independent MGs approach in combination with other meta-omics approaches involves an easy and rapid method for the selection of remediation-efficient microbes. This paper elucidates the negative implications of several contaminants on terrestrial and aquatic biota besides highlighting the role of MGs and associated meta-omics approaches in characterizing contaminant degrading microbes. The MGs research related to bioremediation can help to generate information that will improve the bioremediation process and aid in deciphering the complete microbe-mediated bioremediation mechanism pathways. In future MGs can be helpful to comprehensively understand the mechanisms involved in efficient bioremediation, develop new strategies and models for application in rapid, accurate and efficient bioremediation process and optimize the bioremediation technique. Furthermore, the application of metagenomics to determine microbial diversity and specific genes can act as pollution biomarkers.

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Drying properties of Sentang (Azadirachta excelsa) dried under different temperatures

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IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2020年第1期596卷

作者： Noor Zulai'ha Mohamad Ruddin Shaharlina Rasid Andi Hermawan Forest Resource Technology Program Bachelor of Applied Science Faculty of Bioengineering and Technology Universiti Malaysia Kelantan Kelantan Malaysia Forest Resource Technology Centre for Post Graduate Studies Universiti Malaysia Kelantan Pangkalan Chepa Malaysia Forest Resource Technology Program Faculty of Bioengineering and Technology Universiti Malaysia Kelantan Kelantan Malaysia

In this study, we investigated the drying properties of Sentang (Azadirachta excelsa) dried at different temperatures. Sentang tree planted in Kelantan, Malaysia, was used in this study. Drying specimens with dimensions of 30 ×150 × 500 mm were dried under air-drying conditions, a constant temperature of 60, 80, 100, and 120 °C until the moisture content (MC) of the specimens reaches an equilibrium moisture content (EMC) at each drying condition. The drying properties of the specimens were then examined. The results confirmed that drying temperature had a significant effect on drying time. As expected, drying Sentang under air-drying conditions demanding considerable time than the other drying conditions.

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Conserved brain-wide emergence of emotional response from sensory experience in humans and mice

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Science (New York, N.Y.) 2025年第6750期388卷 eadt3971页

作者： Isaac Kauvar Ethan B Richman Tony X Liu Chelsea Li Sam Vesuna Adelaida Chibukhchyan Lisa Yamada Adam Fogarty Ethan Solomon Eun Young Choi Leili Mortazavi Gustavo Chau Loo Kung Pavithra Mukunda Cephra Raja Dariana Gil-Hernández Kishandra Patron Xue Zhang Jacob Brawer Shenandoah Wrobel Zoe Lusk Dian Lyu Anish Mitra Laura Hack Liqun Luo Logan Grosenick Peter van Roessel Leanne M Williams Boris D Heifets Jaimie M Henderson Jennifer A McNab Carolyn I Rodríguez Vivek Buch Paul Nuyujukian Karl Deisseroth Human Neural Circuitry program Stanford University Stanford CA USA. Department of Bioengineering Stanford University Stanford CA USA. Graduate School of Education Stanford University Stanford CA USA. Neurosciences Graduate Program Stanford University Stanford CA USA. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Stanford University Stanford CA USA. Department of Neurosurgery Stanford University Stanford CA USA. Department of Electrical Engineering Stanford University Stanford CA USA. Department of Psychology Stanford University Stanford CA USA. Department of Radiology Stanford University Stanford CA USA. Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences Stanford CA USA. Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System Palo Alto CA USA. Department of Biology Stanford University Stanford CA USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute Stanford University Stanford CA USA. Department of Psychiatry Weill Cornell Medicine New York NY USA. Department of Anesthesiology Perioperative and Pain Medicine Stanford University Stanford CA USA.

Emotional responses to sensory experience are central to the human condition in health and disease. We hypothesized that principles governing the emergence of emotion from sensation might be discoverable through their conservation across the mammalian lineage. We therefore designed a cross-species neural activity screen, applicable to humans and mice, combining precise affective behavioral measurements, clinical medication administration, and brain-wide intracranial electrophysiology. This screen revealed conserved biphasic dynamics in which emotionally salient sensory signals are swiftly broadcast throughout the brain and followed by a characteristic persistent activity pattern. Medication-based interventions that selectively blocked persistent dynamics while preserving fast broadcast selectively inhibited emotional responses in humans and mice. Mammalian emotion appears to emerge as a specifically distributed neural context, driven by persistent dynamics and shaped by a global intrinsic timescale.

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