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Bioinspired optical antennas: gold plant viruses

Light(Science & Applications) 2015年第1期4卷 447-453页

作者： SoonGweon Hong Mi Yeon Lee Andrew O Jackson Luke P Lee Department of Bioengineering University of California at BerkeleyBerkeleyCA 94720USA Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center University of California at BerkeleyBerkeleyCA 94720USA Department of Plant&Microbial Biology University of California at BerkeleyBerkeleyCA 94720USA Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences University of California at BerkeleyBerkeleyCA 94720USA Biophysics Graduate Program University of California at BerkeleyBerkeleyCA 94720USA

The ability to capture the chemical signatures of biomolecules(i.e.,electron-transfer dynamics)in living cells will provide an entirely new perspective on biology and *** can be accomplished using nanoscale optical antennas that can collect,resonate and focus light from outside the cell and emit molecular ***,we describe biologically inspired nanoscale optical antennas that utilize the unique topologies of plant viruses(and thus,are called gold plant viruses)for molecular fingerprint *** electromagnetic calculations for these gold viruses indicate that capsid morphologies permit high amplification of optical scattering energy compared to a smooth *** experimental measurements of various gold viruses based on four different plant viruses,we observe highly enhanced optical cross-sections and the modulation of the resonance wavelength depending on the viral ***,in label-free molecular imaging,we successfully obtain higher sensitivity(by a factor of up to 10^(6))than can be achieved using similar-sized *** virtue of the inherent functionalities of capsids and the plasmonic characteristics of the gold layer,a gold virus-based antenna will enable cellular targeting,imaging and drug delivery.

关键词： molecular sensor nanophotonics optical antenna optical spectroscopy plant virus plasmonics plasmonic resonant energy transfer(PRET) surface enhanced Raman scattering(SERS)

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Experimental investigations of an endoluminal ultrasound applicator for MR-guided thermal therapy of pancreatic cancer

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2017年第1期1821卷

作者： Matthew Adams Vasant Salgaonkar Peter Jones Juan Plata Henry Chen Kim Butts Pauly Graham Sommer Chris Diederich 1Thermal Therapy Research Group University of California San Francisco 2340 Sutter Street S341 San Francisco CA 94109 USA 2Joint Graduate Program in Bioengineering UC Berkeley and UC San Francisco USA 3Radiological Sciences Laboratory Stanford University 1201 Welch Road Palo Alto CA 94304 USA 4Stanford Medical Center 300 Pasteur Drive Stanford CA 94305 USA

An MR-guided endoluminal ultrasound applicator has been proposed for palliative and potential curative thermal therapy of pancreatic tumors. Minimally invasive ablation or hyperthermia treatment of pancreatic tumor tissue would be performed with the applicator positioned in the gastrointestinal (GI) lumen, and sparing of the luminal tissue would be achieved with a water-cooled balloon surrounding the ultrasound transducers. This approach offers the capability of conformal volumetric therapy for fast treatment times, with control over the 3D spatial deposition of energy. Prototype endoluminal ultrasound applicators have been fabricated using 3D printed fixtures that seat two 3.2 or 5.6 MHz planar or curvilinear transducers and contain channels for wiring and water flow. Spiral surface coils have been integrated onto the applicator body to allow for device localization and tracking for therapies performed under MR guidance. Heating experiments with a tissue-mimicking phantom in a 3T MR scanner were performed and demonstrated capability of the prototype to perform volumetric heating through duodenal luminal tissue under real-time PRF-based MR temperature imaging (MRTI). Additional experiments were performed in ex vivo pig carcasses with the applicator inserted into the esophagus and aimed towards liver or soft tissue surrounding the spine under MR guidance. These experiments verified the capacity of heating targets up to 20-25 mm from the GI tract. Active device tracking and automated prescription of imaging and temperature monitoring planes through the applicator were made possible by using Hadamard encoded tracking sequences to obtain the coordinates of the applicator tracking coils. The prototype applicators have been integrated with an MR software suite that performs real-time device tracking and temperature monitoring.

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Dysregulated mechanisms underlying Duchenne muscular dystrophy from co-expression network preservation analysis

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BMC Research Notes 2015年第1期8卷 1-10页

作者： Mukund, Kavitha Subramaniam, Shankar Bioinformatics and System Biology Graduate Program University of California San Diego MC0412 9500 Gilman Drive San Diego 92093 CA United States Departments of Bioengineering Computer Science and Engineering Cellular and Molecular Medicine Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive San Diego 92093 CA United States

Background: Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked recessive disorder with its primary insult on the skeletal muscle. Severe muscle wasting, chronic inflammation and fibrosis characterize dystrophic muscle. Here we identify dysregulated pathways in DMD utilizing a co-expression network approach as described in Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA). Specifically, we utilize WGCNA's "preservation" statistics to identify gene modules that exhibit a weak conservation of network topology within healthy and dystrophic networks. Preservation statistics rank modules based on their topological metrics such as node density, connectivity and separability between networks. Methods: Raw data for DMD was downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GSE6011) and suitably preprocessed. Co-expression networks for each condition (healthy and dystrophic) were generated using the WGCNA library in R. Preservation of healthy network edges was evaluated with respect to dystrophic muscle and vice versa using WGCNA. Highly exclusive gene pairs for each of the low preserved modules within both networks were also determined using a specificity measure. Results: A total of 11 and 10 co-expressed modules were identified in the networks generated from 13 healthy and 23 dystrophic samples respectively. 5 out of the 11, and 4 out of the 10 modules were identified as exhibiting none-to-weak preservation. Functional enrichment analysis identified that these weakly preserved modules were highly relevant to the condition under study. For instance, weakly preserved dystrophic module D2 exhibited the highest fraction of genes exclusive to DMD. The highly specific gene pairs identified within these modules were enriched for genes activated in response to wounding and affect the extracellular matrix including several markers such as SPP1, MMP9 and ITGB2. Conclusion: The proposed approach allowed us to identify clusters of genes that are non-randomly associated with the disease. Furthe

关键词： Co-expression network Differential network analysis Duchenne muscular dystrophy Preservation statistics Skeletal muscle

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Anodic transcranial current stimulation in the motor rehabilitation of 105 children with spastic cerebral palsy: Experience of Brazilian service

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Brain Stimulation 2017年第4期10卷 e39-e39页

作者： Luanda André Collange Grecco Natália de Almeida Carvalho Duarte Camila Cosmo Manuela Galli Claudia Santos Oliveira Nelci Zanon Center of Pediatric Neurostimulation – CENEPE rehabilitation and Post Doctoral student in Universidade Federal de São Paulo São Paulo Brazil Doctoral Program in Rehabilitation Sciences Nove de Julho University São Paulo Brazil Post Graduate Program — Interactive Process of Organs and Systems Health Sciences Institute Federal University of Bahia Salvador Brazil Department of Electronic Information and Bioengineering Politecnico di Milano and IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana Milan and Rome Italy Professor Master and Doctoral Programs in Rehabilitation Sciences Movement Analysis Lab University Nove de Julho São Paulo Brazil Center of Pediatric Neurosurgery – CENEPE São Paulo Brazilf

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Auto-deleting brain machine interface: Error detection using spiking neural activity in the motor cortex

Auto-deleting brain machine interface: Error detection using...

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Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)

作者： Nir Even-Chen Sergey D. Stavisky Jonathan C. Kao Stephen I. Ryu Krishna V. Shenoy Department of Electrical Engineering Stanford University Stanford CA USA Neurosciences Graduate Program Stanford University Department of Neurosurgery at Palo Alto Medical Foundation Stanford University Palo Alto CA USA Departments of Electrical Engineering Bioengineering and Neurobiology the Neurosciences Graduate Program and the Bio-X Program and the Stanford Neurosciences Institute Stanford University

Brain machine interfaces (BMIs) aim to assist people with paralysis by increasing their independence and ability to communicate, e.g., by using a cursor-based virtual keyboard. Current BMI clinical trials are hampered by modest performance that causes selection of wrong characters (errors) and thus reduces achieved typing rate. If it were possible to detect these errors without explicit knowledge of the task goal, this could be used to automatically “undo” wrong selections or even prevent upcoming wrong selections. We decoded imminent or recent errors during closed-loop BMI control from intracortical spiking neural activity. In our experiment, a non-human primate controlled a neurally-driven BMI cursor to acquire targets on a grid, which simulates a virtual keyboard. In offline analyses of this closed-loop BMI control data, we identified motor cortical neural signals indicative of task error occurrence. We were able to detect task outcomes (97% accuracy) and even predict upcoming task outcomes (86% accuracy) using neural activity alone. This novel strategy may help increase the performance and clinical viability of BMIs.

关键词： Decoding Brain-computer interfaces Accuracy Kinematics Image color analysis Firing Keyboards

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Open-top selective plane illumination microscope compatible with standard sample holders

Open-top selective plane illumination microscope compatible ...

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Novel Techniques in Microscopy, NTM 2015

作者： McGorty, Ryan Liu, Harrison Kamiyama, Daichi Huang, Bo Deparment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry University of California San Francisco San FranciscoCA94158 United States UC Berkeley - UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering University of California San Francisco San FranciscoCA94158 United States Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics University of California San Francisco San FranciscoCA94158 United States

Selective plane illumination microscopy (SPIM) has emerged recently as a powerful tool in optically sectioning tissue samples. We have designed a new SPIM that allows samples to be mounted in a variety of common metho... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781557529541

关键词： Aberration correction Cylindrical lenses Laser beams Light sheet microscopy Selective plane illumination microscopy Spatial resolution

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Ballistocardiogram of Baby during Sleep

Ballistocardiogram of Baby during Sleep

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Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society

作者： W. K. Lee H. Yoon D. W. Jung S. H. Hwang K. S. Park the Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering Graduate School Seoul National University Seoul 110-799 Republic of Korea the Department of Biomedical Engineering Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul 110-799 Republic of Korea

ISBN: (纸本)9781424492695

Ballistocardiogram (BCG), which displays the mechanical activity of heart, has been a subject of interest for several years due to its advantages in taking unobtrusive physiological measurements. In the field of sleep science, researchers actively study sleep architecture and clinically apply various sleep-related conditions through BCG-derived biological information such as the heartbeat, respiration and body movements of subjects. However, most of these studies have involved only adults. This area of research may be even more important with babies to monitor their biological signals without confinement. For this reason, we developed a physiological signal monitoring bed for baby by using a load cell. Heartbeat and respiration information was assessed with average respective performance errors of 1.53% and 2.53% compared to commercial equipment. The results showed the possibility of applying BCG technology to baby. Therefore, we expect that BCG-derived signals can be extensively applied to analyze sleep architecture and clinical applications in baby as they are with adults.

关键词： Ballistocardiogram Baby during Sleep BCG Ballistocardiography Infant BCG Vaccine Sleep body movement

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Microfluidic lectin barcode array for high-throughput glycomic profiling 18

Microfluidic lectin barcode array for high-throughput glycom...

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18th International Conference on Miniaturized Systems for Chemistry and Life Sciences, MicroTAS 2014

作者： Shang, Y. Zeng, Y. Department of Chemistry University of Kansas United States Bioengineering Graduate Program University of Kansas United States

ISBN: (纸本)9780979806476

Protein glycosylation holds the key to understanding the molecular mechanisms of cancer and to developing new biomarkers. Here we reports on a microfluidic lectin-barcode chip for high-throughput glycan profiling of cancer biomarkers. We have investigated two formats of lectin arrays using a panel of 16 lectins. Various blocking methods have been studied to suppress the interferences caused by nonspecific lectin-glycan interactions and the glycans on the detection antibodies, significantly improving the performance of the antibody-overlay-lectin array. Using a biomarker for ovarian cancer, CA125, we demonstrated the feasibility of using the microfluidic lectin barcode assay for glycan profiling of disease biomarkers. © 14CBMS.

关键词： Microfluidics

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Body Shape and Fat Distribution From Whole-Body DXA Accurately Predict Metabolic Syndrome Across Sex and Ethnicity Subgroups

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Journal of Clinical Densitometry 2016年第4期19卷 527-527页

作者： Ng, Bennett K. Fan, Bo Lim, Unhee Marchand, Loic Le Wilkens, Lynne Shepherd, John A. Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging University of California San Francisco CA USA Berkeley and University of California San Francisco Graduate Program in Bioengineering University of California San Francisco CA USA University of Hawaii Cancer Center University of Hawaii at Manoa Honolulu HI USA

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System Identification of Brain-Machine Interface Control Using a Cursor Jump Perturbation

System Identification of Brain-Machine Interface Control Usi...

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International IEEE/EMBS Conference on Neural Engineering

作者： Sergey D. Stavisky Jonathan C. Kao Jordan M. Sorokin Stephen I. Ryu Krishna V. Shenoy Neurosciences Graduate Program Stanford University Stanford CA USA Department of Electrical Engineering Stanford University Department of Neurosurgery Palo Alto Medical Foundation Palo Alto CA USA Departments of Electrical Engineering Bioengineering and Neurobiology Stanford University

Inspired by control theoretic approaches to studying motor control, we experimentally measured how a brain-machine interface (BMI) user responds to an unexpected perturbation. We randomly applied a step cursor position offset while a monkey controlled a BMI cursor using decoded motor cortical spiking activity. The subject was able to rapidly correct for these perturbations and (re)acquire the target regardless of when in the trial this cursor jump occurred. We observed a corrective neural response in motor cortex starting 115 ms after the cursor jump. At no time did the neural response to detecting this externally-induced error manifest itself (through the decoder) as a deleterious velocity change pushing the cursor away from the target. These results show that a user of a high-performance BMI can make rapid, accurate corrections to errors and that, insofar as the neural computations needed to counteract the error may involve motor cortex, these computations do not appear to interfere with BMI cursor control.

关键词： Decoding Firing Brain-computer interfaces Trajectory Sociology Statistics Electrodes

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