The challenge of biological wastewater treatment process is the design and operation of effective retention of mixed microbial cells within the reactor. Entrapped mixed microbial cell (EMMC) technology is designed to ...
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Adoptive Cellular TherapyO1 IL-15 primes an mTOR-regulated gene-expression program to prolong anti-tumor capacity of human natural killer cellsAndreas Lundqvist1, Vincent van Hoef1, Xiaonan Zhang1, Erik Wennerberg2, J...
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Adoptive Cellular TherapyO1 IL-15 primes an mTOR-regulated gene-expression program to prolong anti-tumor capacity of human natural killer cellsAndreas Lundqvist1, Vincent van Hoef1, Xiaonan Zhang1, Erik Wennerberg2, Julie Lorent1, Kristina Witt1, Laia Masvidal Sanz1, Shuo Liang1, Shannon Murray3, Ola Larsson1, Rolf Kiessling1, Yumeng Mao11Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Stockholms Lan, Sweden; 2Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA; 3Nova Southeastern University, Cell Therapy Institute, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USACorrespondence: Andreas Lundqvist (***@***)
Background
NK cell-based immunotherapy is a potential therapeutic modality in patients with advanced cancers as transfer of haploidentical NK cells induces beneficial responses in patients with hematological malignancies; and leukemia clearance correlates with persistence and in vivo expansion of NK cells after infusion. Thus, sustained NK cell activity in vivo likely represents a therapy performance-limiting factor.
Methods
We performed genome-wide analysis of cytosolic and polysome-associated mRNA from interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-15 activated NK cells. Furthermore, the ability of IL-2 and IL-15 to sustain human NK cell activity following cytokine withdrawal as well as their effect on NK cells to resist tumor-induced immunosuppression was compared.
Results
After cytokine withdrawal, IL-15-treated NK cells maintained a higher level of cytotoxicity (p < 0.05) and showed lower levels of apoptosis (p < 0.05) compared with cells treated with IL-2. IL-15 augmented mTOR signaling, which correlated with increased expression of genes related to cell metabolism and respiration. Consistently, mTOR inhibition abrogated IL-15-induced cell function advantages. Moreover, mTOR-independent STAT-5 signaling contributed to improved NK cell function during cytokine activation but not following cytokine withdrawal. Upon co-culture with tumor cells or exposure to tumor cell supernatant, IL-15 activated NK cell
The disassembly of a core-satellite nanostructured substrate is presented as a colorimetric biosensor observable under dark-field illumination. The fabrication method described herein utilizes thiol-mediated adsorptio...
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The initial mechanical insult resulting from traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) causes the disruption of local vasculature and tissue structure followed by a secondary wave of injury involving hemorrhage, ischemia, ed...
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The initial mechanical insult resulting from traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) causes the disruption of local vasculature and tissue structure followed by a secondary wave of injury involving hemorrhage, ischemia, edema, excitotoxicity, and inflammation, which leads to neuronal death, axonal degeneration, and inhibitory glial scar formation.
Robot-assisted cardiac surgeries are effective for operations in limited spaces. Enhancement in safety functions based on automatic tracking of surgical instrument position to prevent inadvertent harmful events as car...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781467322478
Robot-assisted cardiac surgeries are effective for operations in limited spaces. Enhancement in safety functions based on automatic tracking of surgical instrument position to prevent inadvertent harmful events as cardiac tissue perforation and instrument collisions can be meaningful augmentation to current robot surgery system. A vision based instrument tracking scheme as a core algorithm to implement such assistive functions has been developed in this study. Through a chain of computer vision techniques, including classification of metallic properties using k-means clustering and instrument movement tracking using similarity measure, Euclidean distance calculation, and Kalman filter algorithm, an automatic tracking scheme has been proposed and the implemented system showed satisfactory performance in tests using real robot-assisted surgery videos. Trajectory comparisons of automatically detected data and ground truth data obtained by manually locating the center of mass of each instrument were used to quantitatively validate the system. The developed algorithm could provide valuable information to clinicians for safer operation.
Next-generation bioanalytical approaches for protein-level measurements are advanced by the integration capacity of microfluidic design strategies, as well as the fine fluid and material control possible. Photopattern...
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Next-generation bioanalytical approaches for protein-level measurements are advanced by the integration capacity of microfluidic design strategies, as well as the fine fluid and material control possible. Photopatterning of polymers within fluidic volumes is a key tool in the suite of technologies available for seamless integration of assay measurement modalities, as well as rapid target detection. Here, we overview recent advances in heterogeneous and homogeneous immunoassays using functional polymers, electrophoretic transport, and microdevices.
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of tactile feedback on multi-finger coordination, quantified by a synergy index using the uncontrolled manifold analysis. Twenty healthy, young volunteers were asked...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9780945289395
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of tactile feedback on multi-finger coordination, quantified by a synergy index using the uncontrolled manifold analysis. Twenty healthy, young volunteers were asked to press with all the four fingers on four, one dimensional sensors at 20% of their maximum voluntary force. A visual feedback of total force output was shown on a computer monitor. Tactile feedback was removed by administering ring block anesthesia. Results from this study suggest that the multi-finger synergies, the task errors as well as the flexibility of the motor system to produce the forces decrease significantly with the administration of anesthesia.
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