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Macromol. Biosci. 2/2011

Macromolecular Bioscience 2011年第2期11卷

作者： Tomohiro Hiraishi Eriko Masuda Daisuke Miyamoto Naoki Kanayama Hideki Abe Mizuo Maeda Bioengineering Laboratory RIKEN Advanced Science Institute 2‐1 Hirosawa Wako‐shi Saitama 351‐0198 Japan Department of Innovative and Engineered Materials Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta Midori‐ku Yokohama Kanagawa 226‐8502 Japan Present address: Asahi Kasei Medical Co. Ltd. 6‐2700 Asahi‐cho Nobeoka‐shi Miyazaki 882‐0847 Japan Present address: Graduate School of Pure and Applied Science University of Tsukuba 1‐1‐1 Ten‐noudai Tsukuba‐shi Ibaraki 305‐8573 Japan Chemical Analysis Team RIKEN Advanced Science Institute 2‐1 Hirosawa Wako‐shi Saitama 351‐0198 Japan Present address: Bioplastic Research Team Biomass Utilization Research Group RIKEN Biomass Engineering Program 2‐1 Hirosawa Wako‐shi Saitama 351‐0198 Japan

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EMMC technology for treatment/reuse of dilute dairy wastewater

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Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 2009年 1-9页

作者： Lin, Rhoda Luo-Ting Irvine, Joshua Lelemia Kao, J. C. M. Yang, P. Y. Graduate Program in Bioengineering Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering University of Hawaii at Manoa Honolulu USA Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering National Sun Yat-San University Kaohsiung Taiwan

A rural dairy farm located on the island of Oahu, Hawaii needed to upgrade current lagoon treatment system for further reuse as floor flushing and crop irrigation. This is a comprehensive bench scale and pilot plant study to evaluate the potential biological treatment and reuse systems. Systems evaluated include: (1) pre-existing lagoon system, (2) integrated anaerobic BIO-NEST/aerobic EMMC (entrapped mixed microbial cell) system, (3) aerobic EMMC reactor only system. Based upon a comprehensive economic evaluation and sensitivity analysis, the EMMC-only system achieved the best effluent quality for simultaneous removal of carbon and nitrogen. The pilot study of the EMMC-only reactor achieved an overall of 78% TCOD, 63% SCOD, 65% TN, and 96% soluble NH3-N removal efficiencies (HRT 12 h, continuous aeration). Implementing this system would cost about $0.25 a cow/day to remove a ton of organic TCOD ($88.10/cow/year). The information presented provides a model for animal producers to consider in evaluating alternatives to upgrade existing waste management facilities.

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BIO-FUNCTIONALIZED GOLD NANOPARTICLES:SYNTHESIS BY MONONUCLEOTIDE-MEDIATED CONJUGATION AND APPLICATION IN BIOLOGICAL SENSING

BIO-FUNCTIONALIZED GOLD NANOPARTICLES:SYNTHESIS BY MONONUCLE...

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第九届亚太国际微分离分析学术会议暨第一届亚太国际芯片实验室学术会议

作者： Wenting ZHAO I-Ming HSING Bioengineering Graduate Program Bioengineering Graduate Program Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering the Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear Water BayKowloonHong Kong SARChina

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Feasibility of a closed-loop controlled noninvasive ultrasonic glucose sensing and insulin delivery system

Feasibility of a closed-loop controlled noninvasive ultrason...

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2009 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium, IUS 2009

作者： Park, Eun-Joo Werner, Jacob Jaiswal, Devina Webb, Andrew G. Smith, Nadine Barrie Department of Bioengineering Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 United States Animal Resource Program Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 United States Graduate Program in Acoustics Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781424443895

Use of needles for multiple injections of drugs, such as insulin for diabetes, can be painful. As a result, prescribed drug noncompliance can results in severe medical complications. In previous studies, ultrasound mediated transdermal drug delivery has shown a promising potential as a method for noninvasive drug administration. Yet for prospective human application, a milestone to a practical clinical device of this research requires that the efficacy of the cymbal array be demonstrated on animals larger than rats and rabbits. Larger and possessing a blood volume similar to humans, pig is an appropriate animal model for further experimentation in evaluating the practicability of this ultrasound device. Six Yorkshire pigs (100 - 140 lbs) were divided into two groups. As the control (n = 3), the first group did not receive any ultrasound exposure with the insulin. The second group (n = 3) was treated with ultrasound and insulin at 20 kHz with an Isptp = 100 mW/cm2 at a 20% duty cycle for 60 minutes. With the pigs in lateral recumbency after anesthesia, the ultrasound transducer with insulin was placed on the axillary area of the pig. At the beginning and every 15 minutes up to 90 minutes, the blood glucose level was determined using a glucose monitoring system. To compare the results of individual animals, the change of blood glucose level was normalized to each animal's initial glucose value at the start of the experiment. Although each animal had a different initial glucose level, the mean and standard error for the six animals was 146 ± 13 mg/dl (Figure 1). For the control group, the blood glucose level increased to 31 ± 21 mg/dl compared to the initial baseline over the 90 minute experiment. However for the ultrasound with insulin treated group, the glucose level decreased to -72 ± 5 mg/dl at 60 minutes (p

关键词： Insulin

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Digital ionic circuits on a microfluidic chip

Digital ionic circuits on a microfluidic chip

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13th International Conference on Miniaturized Systems for Chemistry and Life Sciences, MicroTAS 2009

作者： Han, Ji-Hyung Kim, Kwang Bok Kim, Hee Chan Chung, Taek Dong Department of Chemistry Seoul National University Korea Republic of Interdisciplinary Program Bioengineering Major Graduate School Seoul National University Korea Republic of Department of Biomedical Engineering College of Medicine Seoul National University Korea Republic of

ISBN: (纸本)9780979806421

A sophisticatedly designed polyelectrolyte diode was fabricated on a microchip and exhibited well-defined nonlinear rectifying behavior. Multiple polyelectrolyte diodes were integrated on a microchip to produce a variety of logic gates based on ionic circuits. By employing a fluorescent dye, the polyelectrolyte micro plugs also acted as optical indicators displaying the input signals applied to individual diodes in the ionic circuit on a microchip. Also, this system visualized the dynamic distribution of ions in a charged polymer phase under an electric field on a real time basis through fluorescence images. © 2009 CBMS.

关键词： Polyelectrolytes

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Immobilization-free real-time electrochemical monitoring of DNA/PNA dissociation on a microchip for detection of single-base mutation

Immobilization-free real-time electrochemical monitoring of ...

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13th International Conference on Miniaturized Systems for Chemistry and Life Sciences, MicroTAS 2009

作者： Luo, Xiaoteng Hsing, I-Ming Bioengineering Graduate Program Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong

ISBN: (纸本)9780979806421

An on-chip electrochemical melting curve analysis based on immobilization-free electrochemical DNA detection is reported. This method makes use of the neutral backbone of a ferrocene labeled peptide nucleic acid (PNA) and the electrostatic repulsion between the negative backbone of the target DNA and the negative electrode surface. By measuring the Fc signal at a series of ascending temperatures, the dissociation of the hybrids formed between the Fc-PNA and a fully-complementary or single-base-mismatched DNA is monitored in real-time, resulting in distinguishable "electrochemical melting curves". This simple and immobilization-free strategy may be viewed as a promising candidate for novel SNP detection techniques. © 2009 CBMS.

关键词： DNA

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Perception of 3-D layout in stereo displays

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Information Display 2009年第1期25卷 12-16页

作者： Banks, Martin S. Held, Robert T. Girshick, Ahna R. Science Program School of Optometry University of California at Berkeley Berkeley CA United States Joint Graduate Group in Bioengineering University of California San Francisco CA United States University of California at Berkeley Berkeley CA United States Department of Psychology Center for Neural Science New York University New York NY United States

As stereoscopic displays become more commonplace, it is more important than ever for those displays to create a faithful impression of the 3-D structure of the object or scene being portrayed. This article reviews cur... 详细信息

关键词： Chemicals

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Noninvasive ultrasonic glucose sensing with large pigs (∼200 pounds) using a lightweight cymbal transducer array and biosensors

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Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology 2009年第3期3卷 517-523页

作者： Park, Eun-Joo Werner, Jacob Beebe, Joshua Chan, Samantha Smith, Nadine Barrie Department of Bioengineering Pennsylvania State University 205 Hallowell Building University Park PA 16802 United States Animal Resource Program Pennsylvania State University University Park PA United States Department of Mechanical Engineering Pennsylvania State University University Park PA United States Graduate Program in Acoustics Pennsylvania State University University Park PA United States

Background: To prevent complications in diabetes, the proper management of blood glucose levels is essential. Since conventional glucose meters require pricking fingers or other areas of the skin, a noninvasive method for monitoring blood glucose levels is desired. Using a lightweight cymbal transducer array, this study was conducted to noninvasively determine the glucose levels of pigs having a similar size to humans. Method: In vivo experiments using eight pigs (∼200 pounds) were performed in five groups. A cymbal array with four biosensors was attached to the axillary area of the pig. The array was operated at 20 kHz at special peak-temporal peak intensity (I_sptp) equal to 50 or 100 mW/cm² for 5, 10, or 20 minutes. After the ultrasound exposure, glucose concentrations of the interstitial fluid were determined using biosensors. For comparison, glucose levels of blood samples collected from the ear vein were measured by a commercial glucose meter. Result: In comparison, glucose levels determined by a cymbal array and biosensor system were close to those measured by a glucose meter. After a 20-minute ultrasound exposure at I_sptp = 100 mW/cm², the average glucose level determined by the ultrasound system was 175 ± 7 mg/dl, which is close to 166 ± 5 mg/dl measured by the glucose meter. Conclusion: Results indicate the feasibility of using a cymbal array for noninvasive glucose sensing on pigs having a similar size to humans. Further studies on the ultrasound conditions, such as frequency, intensity, and exposure time, will be continued for effective glucose sensing. © Diabetes Technology Society.

关键词： Cymbal transducer Glucose sensing Noninvasive Transdermal Ultrasound

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Design and evaluations of a phased ultrasound array for transesophageal cardiac ablation

Design and evaluations of a phased ultrasound array for tran...

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2009 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium, IUS 2009

作者： Jaiswal, Devina Werner, Jacob Park, Eun-Joo Smith, Nadine Barrie Francischelli, David Department of Bioengineering Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 United States Animal Resource Program Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 United States Graduate Program in Acoustics Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 United States Medtronic Inc. Minneapolis MN 55432 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781424443895

Atrial fibrillation is one of the most common arrhythmia, affecting over 2.2 million Americans. A prevailing modality for treating paroxysmal atrial fibrillation is catheter ablation using radiofrequency. However, measurable morbidity and significant costs and time are associated with this modality of treatment of permanent or persistent atrial fibrillation. In order to overcome these issues, a transesophageal ultrasound applicator for noninvasive cardiac ablation was designed, developed and evaluated. Various factors, simulation results of transducer arrays, current transesophageal medical devices, and throat anatomy, were considered while designing a phased ultrasound transducer that can be inserted into the esophagus. For this research, a two-dimensional random sparse phased array with an aperture size of 20.7mm x 10.2mm with flat tapered elements as a transesophageal ultrasound applicator was fabricated and evaluated in ex vivo experiments. The ultrasound applicator was designed to operate at a frequency of 1.6 MHz. The feasibility of the sparse phased array was tested by submerging the array and the fresh tissue into phosphate buffer saline (PBS) solution and directing the ultrasound directly onto the tissue. Both the bovine liver and porcine heart developed lesion at the target site as a result of 8 ∼15 minutes of array operation. The lesion had an average length of 7 ± 2 mm and a width of 5 ± 2 mm. Experimental results indicate that sufficient power was delivered by the array at the focal point to produce ablation while not grossly damaging the tissue surrounding the area of interest. These results demonstrate a potential application of the ultrasound applicator for noninvasive transesophageal cardiac surgery in atrial fibrillation treatment. ©2009 IEEE.

关键词： Ablation

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Novel image analysis for trajectory of microtubules gliding on kinesins with Tip detection

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Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 2009年第3期4卷 404-414页

作者： Sugita, Shukei Sakamoto, Naoya Ohashi, Toshiro Sato, Masaaki Department of Biomedical Engineering Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering Tohoku University 6-6-01 Aramaki-aza-Aoba Aoba Sendai 980-8579 Japan VCAD System Research Program RIKEN 2-1 Hirosawa Wako 351-0198 Japan Department of Bioengineering and Robotics Graduate School of Engineering Tohoku University 6-6-01 Aramaki-aza-Aoba Aoba Sendai 980-8579 Japan Division of Human Mechanical Systems and Design Graduate School of Engineering Hokkaido University N13 W8 Kita Sapporo 060-8628 Japan

Control of the gliding directions of kinesin-driven microtubules (MTs) in vitro has good feasibility for the development of nano-scale transport systems. A requirement for the control of transporters in these systems includes detecting the positions of gliding MTs;however, no studies have reported on the monitoring of the positions of gliding MTs. Here, we suggest an algorithm to detect tip coordinates of gliding MTs by binarization, skeletonization, and filtration of fluorescent images of MTs. The algorithm was first applied to artificially drawn segments with given lengths (10-80 pixels), widths (1-10 pixels), and curvature radii (20-120 pixels) to verify the effect of the sizes of MTs on accuracy of tip coordinates extracted by the algorithm, and error was estimated by referring to the true coordinates. The estimated errors were as small as 2 pixels in the width and were not affected by the length and the curvature radius, indicating that our algorithm is useful to extract the tips of MTs. The algorithm was subsequently applied to images of gliding MTs. Since distances from the trajectories of the MTs to the centers of gravity of the MTs (3.7 ± 2.1 pixels) were significantly larger than those to the tips (1.9 ± 0.5 pixels), the use of the tips as representative points of gliding MTs was verified. A detection method using tips of MTs, as suggested in this study, may be a useful technique for monitoring each MT in nanoscale transport systems.

关键词： Pixels

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