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RSC Pharmaceutics 2024年第5期1卷 928-948页

作者： Reem M. Senjab Nour AlSawaftah Waad H. Abuwatfa Ghaleb A. Husseini Biomedical Engineering Program College of Engineering American University of Sharjah Sharjah P.O. Box 26666 United Arab Emirates ghusseini@aus.edu Materials Science and Engineering Ph.D. Program College of Arts and Sciences American University of Sharjah Sharjah P.O. Box 26666 United Arab Emirates Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering College of Engineering American University of Sharjah Sharjah P.O. Box 26666 United Arab Emirates Biosciences and Bioengineering PhD Program College of Engineering American University of Sharjah Sharjah P.O. Box 26666 United Arab Emirates

Liposomes, spherical phospholipid vesicles with a unique morphology mimicking that of body cells, have emerged as versatile nanoparticles for drug delivery. Their biocompatibility, low cytotoxicity, targeted delivery, and hydrophobic and hydrophilic characteristics make them stand out over traditional drug delivery systems. Liposomes can be tailored in size, composition, lamellarity, and surface charge, offering a unique level of customization for various applications. Extensive research in liposome technology has led to the development of a wide range of liposomal formulations with enhanced functionalities, such as PEGylated liposomes, ligand-targeted liposomes, and stimuli-responsive liposomes. Beyond their crucial role in cancer treatment, liposomes play a significant role in influenza, COVID-19, cancer, and hepatitis A vaccines. They are also utilized in pain management, fungal treatment, brain targeting, and topical and ocular drug delivery. This review offers insight into the types of liposomes, their composition, preparation methods, characterization methods, and clinical applications. Additionally, it discusses challenges and highlights potential future directions in liposome-based drug delivery.

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Implantable Biosensor for Continuous Serotonin Detection in Freely Moving Crayfish 22

Implantable Biosensor for Continuous Serotonin Detection in ...

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22nd International Conference on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems, Transducers 2023

作者： Han, Jinjing Ho, Tawen Stine, Justin M. Straker, Michael A. Herberholz, Jens Ghodssi, Reza University Of Maryland Department Of Electrical And Computer Engineering College ParkMD United States University Of Maryland Institute For System Research College ParkMD United States University Of Maryland Robert E. Fischell Institute For Biomedical Devices College ParkMD United States University Of Maryland Department Of Psychology College ParkMD United States University Of Maryland Program In Neuroscience And Cognitive Science College ParkMD United States University Of Maryland Fischell Department Of Bioengineering College ParkMD United States

ISBN: (纸本)9784886864352

This work presents, for the first time, an implantable biosensor for continuous in vivo serotonin (5-HT) monitoring in freely moving crayfish. 5-HT is an important neurotransmitter that regulates animal behaviors. Conventional methods for detecting 5-HT do not provide real-time information. Our approach facilitates continuous electrochemical monitoring of 5-HT levels without impeding animal natural behavior. The sensing system shows a linear range of 0.4 - 1.2 μΜ with a sensitivity of 0.07 μA/μΜ for 5-HT detection. With a 3D-printed package, the sensor can be easily attached to crayfish dorsal carapace allowing electrodes implantation into crayfish heart to monitor neurohormonal dynamics of 5-HT. The implantable biosensor system displayed a significant increase in oxidation currents after 5-HT injections. The device successfully demonstrates the application for in vivo detection of 5-HT in the hemolymph (i.e., blood) of freely behaving crayfish underwater. © 2023 IEEJ.

关键词： Biosensing Electrochemical Device Electrochemistry Implantable Electrode In Vivo Sensing

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Brain endothelial cell-derived extracellular vesicles with a mitochondria-targeting photosensitizer effectively treat glioblastoma by hijacking the blood-brain barrier

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2023年第9期13卷 3834-3848页

作者： Thuy Giang Nguyen Cao Ji Hee Kang Su Jin Kang Quan Truong Hoang Han Chang Kang Won Jong Rhee Yu Shrike Zhang Young Tag Ko Min Suk Shim Division of Bioengineering Incheon National UniversityIncheon 22012Republic of Korea College of Pharmacy Gachon UniversityIncheon 21936Republic of Korea Department of Pharmacy Integrated Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciencesand BK21 PLUS Team for Creative Leader Program for Pharmacomics-based Future PharmacyCollege of Pharmacythe Catholic University of KoreaGyeonggi-do 14662Republic of Korea Research Center for Bio Materials&Process Development Incheon National UniversityIncheon 22012Republic of Korea Division of Engineering in Medicine Department of MedicineBrigham and Women’s HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolCambridgeMA 02139USA

Glioblastoma(GBM)is the most aggressive malignant brain tumor and has a high mortality *** therapy(PDT)has emerged as a promising approach for the treatment of malignant brain ***,the use of PDT for the treatment of GBM has been limited by its low blood-brain barrier(BBB)permeability and lack of cancer-targeting ***,brain endothelial cell-derived extracellular vesicles(bEVs)were used as a biocompatible nanoplatform to transport photosensitizers into brain tumors across the *** enhance PDT efficacy,the photosensitizer chlorin e6(Ce6)was linked to mitochondria-targeting triphenylphosphonium(TPP)and entrapped into *** Ce6(TPP-Ce6)selectively accumulated in the mitochondria,which rendered brain tumor cells more susceptible to reactive oxygen species-induced apoptosis under light ***,the encapsulation of TPP-Ce6 into b EVs markedly improved the aqueous stability and cellular internalization of TPP-Ce6,leading to significantly enhanced PDT efficacy in U87MG GBM *** in vivo biodistribution study using orthotopic GBM-xenografted mice showed that b EVs containing TPP-Ce6[b EV(TPP-Ce6)]substantially accumulated in brain tumors after BBB penetration via transferrin receptor-mediated *** such,b EV(TPP-Ce6)-mediated PDT considerably inhibited the growth of GBM without causing adverse systemic toxicity,suggesting that mitochondria are an effective target for photodynamic GBM therapy.

关键词： Extracellular vesicle Chlorin e6 Triphenylphosphonium Mitochondria-targeting photosensitizer Photodynamic therapy Blood-brain barrier Glioblastoma Transferrin receptor

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Segmented OctaSiPM for Dual-ended Readout of BGO to Improve Timing Resolution in Time-of-Flight PET

Segmented OctaSiPM for Dual-ended Readout of BGO to Improve ...

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IEEE Symposium on Nuclear Science (NSS/MIC)

作者： M. Yi D. Lee A. Gola S. Merzi M. Penna J.S. Lee S. R. Cherry S.I. Kwon Department of Biomedical Engineering University of California Davis Davis California United States of America Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering College of Engineering Seoul National University Seoul Republic of Korea Fondazione Bruno Kessler Trento Italy Brightonix Imaging Inc Seoul Republic of Korea

ISBN: (数字)9798350388152

ISBN: (纸本)9798350388169

BGO has been highlighted as a cost-effective option for hybrid scintillator/Cherenkov radiator. However, effectively utilizing its improved timing resolution is hindered by challenges in managing the high detection fluctuation of Cherenkov photons and their spectral overlap with scintillation photons. Our previous study showed that the dual-ended readout and an adaptive timestamp method could enhance the detection of quasi-isotropically and simultaneously emitted Cherenkov photons in BGO. The OctaSiPM, developed by FBK, features a single pixel active area of 2.5 × 1.4 mm 2 and a 2 × 4 SiPM arrangement, offering a total active area of 5.3 × 5.8 mm 2 . In our recent investigation, when one end of a BGO crystal was coupled to two segmented pixels of the OctaSiPM, additional information about the initial photon density of the corresponding event could be provided. Thus, we hypothesize that the combination of the segmentation scheme and the dual-ended readout can provide multidimensional information on gamma events in BGO TOF-PET detectors. In the experimental setup, a Teflon-wrapped polished BGO crystal was read out from both ends using OctaSiPMs, followed by low-noise high-frequency amplification. Coincidence detection of gamma rays was conducted between a BGO detector and an LYSO:Ce:Mg reference detector. Relationship between segmented pixel time differences and top-bottom time differences revealed a unique pattern correlating with Cherenkov photon events. By selectively adjusting time windows, time difference distribution converged towards a single Gaussian distribution, enabling the selection of pure Cherenkov-triggered events. This marks the first instance of achieving a single Gaussian fitting from BGO data, underscoring the novelty and importance of our findings. Moreover, the analysis of initial photon counts provided insights into the likelihood of prompt Cherenkov photon detection and its temporal density.

关键词： Microwave integrated circuits Image segmentation Image resolution Fluctuations Semiconductor detectors Gamma-rays Crystals

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Perturbation-induced electromyographic activity is predictive of flexion synergy expression and a sensitive measure of post-stroke motor impairment 46

Perturbation-induced electromyographic activity is predictiv...

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46th Annual International Conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, EMBC 2024

作者： Sinha, Nirvik Dewald, Julius P.A. Yang, Yuan Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program Northwestern University ChicagoIL United States Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences Hebrew University Jerusalem Israel McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Northwestern University Department of Biomedical Engineering ChicagoIL United States Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences ChicagoIL United States Grainger College of Engineering University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Department of Bioengineering UrbanaIL United States Carle Foundation Hospital UrbanaIL United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798350371499

The goal of this study was to explore whether the stretch reflex-induced muscle activity is correlated with the expression of the flexion synergy and, therefore, can serve as a quantitative indicator of post-stroke motor impairment. Eleven stroke participants stroke were recruited for this study. Their forearm was connected to a robotic device that applied continuous position perturbations to the paretic elbow joint. The magnitude of EMG activity of the spastic biceps brachii was measured. The expression of the flexion synergy was determined using the increase of synergistic elbow flexion torque when subjects were gradually lifting their paretic arm with two derived measures: normalized flexion synergy area (NFSA) and the mean slope of the expression of flexion synergy (ΔFS). Significant positive correlations were found between spastic biceps EMG (predictor variable) and the flexion synergy expression (response variables), i.e., NFSA (ρ = 0.89, p © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Electromyography

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Quantitative Imaging of 55CO and 18F-Labeled Tracers in a Single “Multiplexed” Pet Imaging Session

Quantitative Imaging of 55CO and 18F-Labeled Tracers in a Si...

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IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging

作者： Sarah J. Zou Irene Lim Jackson W. Foster Garry Chinn Hailey A. Houson Suzanne E. Lapi Jianghong Rao Craig S. Levin Department of Electrical Engineering Stanford University Department of Radiology and Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS) Stanford University Chemistry and Biochemistry Department Bates College Department of Radiology University of Alabama at Birmingham Department of Bioengineering Stanford University Department of Physics Stanford University

ISBN: (数字)9798331520526

ISBN: (纸本)9798331520533

In this study, we explore the use of Cobalt-55 as a radioisotope for multiplexed PET (mPET) by utilizing its emission of a prompt gamma-ray in cascade with a positron during decay. We leverage the prompt-gamma signal to generate triple coincidences for a Co-55-labeled tracer, allowing us to distinguish it from a tracer labeled with a pure positron emitter F-18, which yields a two photon coincidence. By employing this triple versus double coincidence detection and signal processing methodology, we show the potential to separate and quantify the Co-55 signal from that of F-18. Phantom studies showed strong linear correlation $(R^{2}=0.99)$ between Co-55 double and triple coincidence counts and total Co-55 activity. Finally, we highlight the capability of this method to quantify overlapping and non-overlapping hot spots within a warm background to within a 3 to 15% error range. Moreover, we demonstrate the feasibility of simultaneously imaging two tracers in vivo during a single PET session using mice.

关键词： Multiplexing Sensitivity Translation Positrons Biomarkers Recording Labeling Positron emission tomography Isotopes Cancer

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Ultrathin-shell epitaxial Ag@Au core-shell nanowires for high-performance and chemically-stable electronic, optical, and mechanical devices

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Nano Research 2021年第11期14卷 4294-4303页

作者： Yangzhi Zhu Sanggon Kim Xuezhi Ma Peter Byrley Ning Yu Qiushi Liu Xiaoming Sun Da Xu Sangshan Peng Martin C.Hartel Shiming Zhang Vadim Jucaud Mehmet R.Dokmeci Ali Khademhosseini Ruoxue Yan Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Bourns College of EngineeringUniversity of California-RiversideRiversideCA92521USA Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation Los AngelesCA90064USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California-RiversideRiversideCA92521USA State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering Beijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing100029China State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHunan UniversityChangsha410082China Department of Bioengineering University of California-Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering The University of Hong KongHong KongChina Material Science and Engineering Program University of California-RiversideRiversideCA92521USA

Silver nanowires (AgNWs) hold great promise for applications in wearable electronics, flexible solar cells, chemical and biological sensors, photonic/plasmonic circuits, and scanning probe microscopy (SPM) due to their unique plasmonic, mechanical, and electronic properties. However, the lifetime, reliability, and operating conditions of AgNW-based devices are significantly restricted by their poor chemical stability, limiting their commercial potentials. Therefore, it is crucial to create a reliable oxidation barrier on AgNWs that provides long-term chemical stability to various optical, electrical, and mechanical devices while maintaining their high performance. Here we report a room-temperature solution-phase approach to grow an ultra-thin, epitaxial gold coating on AgNWs to effectively shield the Ag surface from environmental oxidation. The Ag@Au core-shell nanowires (Ag@Au NWs) remain stable in air for over six months, under elevated temperature and humidity (80 °C and 100% humidity) for twelve weeks, in physiological buffer solutions for three weeks, and can survive overnight treatment of an oxidative solution (2% H2O2). The Ag@Au core-shell NWs demonstrated comparable performance as pristine AgNWs in various electronic, optical, and mechanical devices, such as transparent mesh electrodes, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrates, plasmonic waveguides, plasmonic nanofocusing probes, and high-aspect-ratio, high-resolution atomic force microscopy (AFM) probes. These Au@Ag core-shell NWs offer a universal solution towards chemically-stable AgNW-based devices without compromising material property or device performance.

关键词： epitaxial growth core-shell nanowire plasmonic waveguides atomic force microscopy(AFM)probe transparent electrode wearable electronics

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Geometric Determinants of Cell Viability for 3D-Printed Hollow Microneedle Array-Mediated Delivery

Geometric Determinants of Cell Viability for 3D-Printed Holl...

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IEEE International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems

作者： Sunandita Sarker Jinghui Wang Shrey A. Shah Christopher M. Jewell Kinneret Rand-Yadin Miroslaw Janowski Piotr Walczak Yajie Liang Ryan D. Sochol Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Maryland College Park MD USA Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Program in Image Guided Neurointerventions University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA Fischell Department of Bioengineering University of Maryland College Park MD USA SeeTrue Technology LLC. Rockville MD USA

A wide range of emerging biomedical applications and clinical interventions rely on the ability to deliver living cells via hollow, high-aspect-ratio microneedles. Recently, microneedle arrays (MNA) have gained increasing interest due to inherent benefits for drug delivery; however, studies exploring the potential to harness such advantages for cell delivery have been impeded due to the difficulties in manufacturing high-aspect-ratio MNAs suitable for delivering mammalian cells. To bypass these challenges, here we leverage and extend our previously reported hybrid additive manufacturing (or "three-dimensional (3D) printing) strategy—i.e., the combined the "Vat Photopolymerization (VPP)" technique, "Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)" 3D printing with "Two-Photon Direct Laser Writing (DLW)"—to 3D print hollow MNAs that are suitable for cell delivery investigations. Specifically, we 3D printed four sets of 650 µm-tall MNAs corresponding to needle-specific inner diameters (IDs) of 25 µm, 50 µm, 75 µm, and 100 µm, and then examined the effects of these MNAs on the post-delivery viability of both dendritic cells (DCs) and HEK293 cells. Experimental results revealed that the 25 µm-ID case led to a statistically significant reduction in post-MNA-delivery cell viability for both cell types; however, MNAs with needle-specific IDs ≥ 50 µm were statistically indistinguishable from one another as well as conventional 32G single needles, thereby providing an important benchmark for MNA-mediated cell delivery.

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Segmented readout for Cherenkov time-of-flight positron emission tomography detectors based on bismuth germanate

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Yi, Minseok Lee, Daehee Gola, Alberto Merzi, Stefano Penna, Michele Lee, Jae Sung Cherry, Simon R. Kwon, Sun Il Department of Biomedical Engineering University of California Davis United States Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering College of Engineering Seoul National Graduate School Korea Republic of Integrated Major in Innovative Medical Science Seoul National Graduate School Korea Republic of Fondazione Bruno Kessler Italy Brightonix Imaging Inc. Korea Republic of

Positron emission tomography (PET) is the most sensitive biomedical imaging modality for noninvasively detecting and visualizing positron-emitting radiopharmaceuticals within a subject. In PET, measuring the time-of-flight (TOF) information for each pair of 511-keV annihilation photons improves effective sensitivity but requires high timing resolution. Hybrid materials that emit both scintillation and Cherenkov photons, such as bismuth germanate (BGO), recently offer the potential for more precise timing information from Cherenkov photons while maintaining adequate energy resolution from scintillation photons. However, a significant challenge in using such hybrid materials for TOF PET applications lies in the event-dependent timing spread caused by the mixed detection of Cherenkov and scintillation photons due to relatively lower production of Cherenkov photons. This study introduces an innovative approach by segmenting silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) pixels coupled to a single crystal, rather than using traditional SiPMs that are as large as or larger than the crystals they read. We demonstrated that multiple time stamps and photon counts obtained from the segmented SiPM can classify events by providing temporal photon density, effectively addressing this challenge. The approach and findings would lead to new opportunities in applications that require precise timing and photon counting, spanning the fields of medical imaging, high-energy physics, and optical physics. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Photons

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Automated Information Extraction from Thyroid Operation Narrative: A Comparative Study of GPT-4 and Fine-tuned KoELECTRA

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Jang, Dongsuk Park, Hyeryun Son, Jiye Hwang, Hyeonuk Kim, Su-Jin Choi, Jinwook Interdisciplinary Program Bioengineering Major Seoul National University Korea Republic of Seoul National University Korea Republic of Department of Surgery Ewha Womans University Medical Center Korea Republic of Department of Surgery Seoul National University Hospital College of Medicine Korea Republic of Department of Biomedical Engineering College of Medicine Seoul National University Korea Republic of

In the rapidly evolving field of healthcare, the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) has become a pivotal component in the automation of clinical workflows, ushering in a new era of efficiency and accuracy. This study focuses on the transformative capabilities of the fine-tuned KoELECTRA model in comparison to the GPT-4 model, aiming to facilitate automated information extraction from thyroid operation narratives. The current research landscape is dominated by traditional methods heavily reliant on regular expressions, which often face challenges in processing free-style text formats containing critical details of operation records, including frozen biopsy reports. Addressing this, the study leverages advanced natural language processing (NLP) techniques to foster a paradigm shift towards more sophisticated data processing systems. Through this comparative study, we aspire to unveil a more streamlined, precise, and efficient approach to document processing in the healthcare domain, potentially revolutionizing the way medical data is handled and analyzed. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Automation

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