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Optical Fiber Communication (OFC) Conference

作者： Shan Zhong Chau-Han Lee Xiao Lin Xiao-Hui Yang Yung-Jui Chen D. Stone Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering And Joint Program for Advanced Electronic Materials University of Maryland Baltimore County Baltimore MD USA

An integrated multichannel wavelength monitoring circuit using specially designed phased-array waveguide grating and detector arrays, which monitors all wavelength-division multiplexing channels in real-time (sixteen ... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)155752582X

关键词： Circuits Gratings Wavelength division multiplexing Throughput computerized monitoring Phased arrays Wavelength measurement Detectors Sensor arrays computer science

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Proximal femoral density patterns are consistent with bicentric joint loads

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computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical engineering 1999年第4期2卷 271-283页

作者： Fischer, Kenneth J. Jacobs, Christopher R. Levenston, Marc E. Cody, Dianna D. Carters, Dennis R. Musculoskeletal Research Center Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA 15213 United States Department of Orthopaedics Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory Pennsylvania State University School of Medicine Hershey PA 17033 United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Continuum Elect romechanics Mhoratory Massachusetts Institute of Technology Hershey MA 02139 United States Department of Diagnostic Radiology Division of Radiologic Physics and Engineering Henry Ford Hospital Detroit MI 48202 United States Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center Rehabilitation Research and Development Center Palo Alto CA 94304-1200 United States Department of Mechanical Engineering Stanford University Biomechanical Engineering Program Stanford CA 94305-402 United States

We developed an alternate method for density-based load estimation and applied it to estimate hip joint load distributions for two femora. Two-dimensional finite element models were constructed from single energy quantitative computed tomography (QCT) data. Load estimation was performed using five loading regions on the femoral head. Within each loading region, individual nodal loads, normal to the local surface, were supplied as input to the load estimation. An optimization procedure independently adjusted individual nodal load magnitudes in each region, and the magnitudes of muscle forces on the greater trochanter, such that the applied tissue stimulus approached the reference stimulus throughout the model. Dominant estimated load resultant directions were generally consistent with published experimental data for loads during gait. The estimated loads also suggested that loads near the extremes of the articulating surface may be important (even required) for development and maintenance of normal bone architecture. Estimated load distributions within nearly all regions predicted bicentric loading patterns, which are consistent with observations of hip joint incongruity. Remodeling simulations with the estimated loads predicted density distributions with features qualitatively similar to the QCT data sets. This study illustrates how applications of density-based bone load estimation can improve understanding of dominant loading patterns in other bones and joints. The prediction of bicentric loading suggests a very fine level of local adaptation to details of joint loading. © 1999 OPA (Overseas Publishers Association) N.V.

关键词： Finite element method

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Comparative study of back surface field contact formation using different lamp configurations in rapid thermal processing

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Journal of Vacuum science & Technology B: Microelectronics Processing and Phenomena 1998年第2期16卷 613-613页

作者： Singh, R. Vedagarbha, V. Nimmagadda, S.V. Narayanan, S. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering Program Clemson University Clemson South Carolina 29631-0915 Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Clemson University Clemson South Carolina 29631-0915 Solarex Corporation 630 Solarex Court Frederick Maryland 21701

In this article, we have studied the role of photoeffects in the formation of aluminum back surface field (BSF) contacts on p-type silicon wafers by using different lamp configurations in rapid thermal processing (RTP). Use of photons of wavelengths less than 800 nm in conjunction with infrared and visible photons in RTP resulted in the reduction of processing time from 202 to 138 s and the processing temperature from 890 to 850 °C. The reduction in the overall thermal budget used for BSF contact formation is a direct result of photon assisted RTP. The availability of a large number of high energy photons on the metal surface also resulted in improved electrical, structural and mechanical properties of the processed device.

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Multiwavelength integrated 2 × 2 optical cross-connect switch and lambda-partitioner with 2 × N phased-array waveguide grating in self-loopback configuration

Multiwavelength integrated 2 × 2 optical cross-connect swit...

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1998 Optical Fiber Communication Conference, OFC 1998

作者： Li, Haifeng Lee, Chau-Han Zhong, Shan Chen, Yung Jui Dagenais, M. Stone, D. Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering University of Maryland Baltimore County Joint Program for Advanced Electronic Materials 1000 Hilltop Circle BaltimoreMD21250 United States

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Royal Academy of Medicine in Ireland - Section of bioengineering - Proceedings of meeting held in Dundalk, Co. Louth, in February 1998.

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IRISH JOURNAL OF MEDICAL science 1998年第4期167卷 256-276页

作者： [Anonymous] Orthopaedic Research Unit The Queen’s University of Belfast School of Biomedical Sciences The Queen’s University of Belfast Howmedica International Ltd. Raheen Industrial Estate Limerick Department of Mechanical Engineering Trinity College Dublin 2 Mater Hospital Dublin 7 Orthopaedic Research Laboratory Århus University Hospital Denmark University of Limerick Limerick Limerick Regional Hospital Raheen Limerick Boston Scientific Ireland Ltd. Galway Department of Mechanical Engineering University College Dublin Dublin Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering University College Dublin Dublin Bioengineering Research Centre Department of Mechanical Engineering University College Dublin Dublin Northern Ireland Bio-Engineering Centre (NIBEC) School of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering University of Ulster Newtownabbey Department of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering The Ashby Building The Queen’s University of Belfast Johnson and Johnson Professional Orthopaedic Division Queensway England Department of Cardiology and Department of Medical Physics & Bioengineering St. James’s Hospital Dublin 8 Burke House Ellison Street Castlebar Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Department of Surgery Beaumont Hospital Dublin Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering Trinity College Dublin 2 Department of Aeronautical Engineering The Queen’s University of Belfast Vascular Unit Belfast City Hospital Department of Medical Physics and Bioengineering St. James’s Hospital Dublin 8 Centre for Biomedical Electronics Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering University of Limerick Limerick Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering University of Limerick Limerick School of Health Sciences University of Ulster Ireland School of Physiotherapy University of Ulster Newtownabbey Clinical Engineering NI Medical Physics Agency Belfast and Radiology Royal Victoria Hospital Musgrave Park Hospital University of Limerick Biomedical Institute (ULBMI) Uni

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Improved lightpath (wavelength) routing in large WDM networks

Improved lightpath (wavelength) routing in large WDM network...

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International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems

作者： Weifa Liang G. Havas Xiaojun Shen Department of Mathematics University of Queensland QLD Australia Centre for Discrete Mathematics and Computing Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering University of Queensland QLD Australia Computer Science Telecommunications Program University of Missouri Kansas City Kansas City USA

We address the problem of efficient circuit switching in wide area networks. The solution provided is based on finding optimal routes for lightpaths and semilightpaths. A lightpath is a fully optical transmission path, while a semilightpath is a transmission path constructed by chaining several lightpaths together, using wavelength conversion at their junctions. The problem thus is to find an optimal lightpath/semilightpath in the network in terms of the cost of wavelength conversion and the cost of using the wavelengths on links. We first present fast, efficient algorithms both for the general problem and for a natural restricted version. The new algorithms outperform earlier work, providing time improvements amounting to an almost linear time factor in most cases. Also, all our algorithms can be implemented on the network in a distributed way.

关键词： Wavelength routing Intelligent networks WDM networks Optical wavelength conversion Biomedical optical imaging Optical fiber networks Costs High speed optical techniques Bandwidth Mathematics

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Role of high energy photons in dual spectral source rapid isothermal CVD

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JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS 1997年第10期26卷 1184-1188页

作者： Singh, R Chen, Y Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Material Science and Engineering Program Clemson University Clemson Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Clemson University Clemson

The use of tungsten halogen lamps and the deuterium lamp as the source of thermal and optical energies has been exploited to deposit thin films of Ta2O5 on Si and conducting substrates, The leakage current densities are as low as 10(-10) A/cm(2) for gate voltage under 5V. Photons in visible, ultraviolet, and vacuum ultraviolet (lambda < 800 nm) regions provide higher bulk and surface diffusion coefficients as well as reduced activation energy for the chemical process involved in the chemical vapor deposition process. The low thermal mass of the substrate provides limited reaction processing capability. The photochemical and photophysical processes allow the participating atoms and molecules to adjust their bond geometries and occupy sites which result in overall reduction of stress and strain energy and provide materials with overall low microscopic defects at low processing temperature and with high throughput. New experimental results of Al-Ta2O5-Si3N4-poly Si-Al structure are presented. The leakage current-voltage characteristics are better than those reported by other researchers.

关键词： dielectrics metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) rapid isothermal processing (RIP) Ta2O5

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Characterization of AL-Y alloy thin films deposited by direct current magnetron sputtering

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Journal of Vacuum science & Technology B: Microelectronics Processing and Phenomena 1997年第6期15卷 1990-1990页

作者： Liu, Y. Singh, R. Poole, K. Diefendorf, R.J. Harriss, J. Cannon, K. Materials Science and Engineering Program Clemson University Clemson South Carolina 29634 Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Materials Science and Engineering Program Clemson University Clemson South Carolina 29634 Department of Ceramic Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering Program Clemson University Clemson South Carolina 29634 Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Clemson University Clemson South Carolina 29634 Cryovac North America W. R. Grace & Co. Duncan South Carolina 29334

Thin films of Al-1.27 wt %Y were deposited by dc magnetron sputtering. Adding yttrium to the aluminum drastically reduced the metal’s grain size and also improve the uniformity of grain size distribution. Upon annealing at a temperature of 450 °C for 30 min, grain growth was insignificant, while the electrical resistance dropped from 6.05 to 2.95 μΩ cm. The as deposited films consisted of Al4Y and α-Al supersaturated with yttrium. After annealing, β-Al3Y precipitated instead of α-Al3Y. The Al–Y films had much higher resistance to hillock formation than did Al-1 wt %Si films.

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A Modal Distribution Study of Violin Vibrato 23

A Modal Distribution Study of Violin Vibrato

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23rd International computer Music Conference, ICMC 1997

作者： Mellody, Maureen Wakefield, Gregory H. Applied Physics Program University of Michigan United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan United States

A high-resolution time-frequency distribution is applied to the study of violin vibrato. Our analysis indicates that the frequency modulation induced by the motion of the stopped finger on the string is accompanied by a significant amplitude variation in each partial of that note. We suggest that this amplitude modulation results from the densely-spaced wood resonances of the violin body. Amplitude and frequency estimates for each partial are extracted from the time-frequency surface and used in an additive resynthesis model to generate synthesized violin vibrato. © 1997 International computer Music Conference, ICMC Proceedings. All rights reserved.

关键词： computer music

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Chemical Vapor Deposited Teflon Amorphous Fluoropolymer as an Interlevel Dielectric Material for Low Power Integrated Circuits

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MRS Online Proceedings Library 1997年第1期476卷 207-212页

作者： R. Sharangpani R. Singh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Clemson University Clemson USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Material Science and Engineering Program Clemson University Clemson USA

The development of materials with dielectric constant (K) less than SiO2 (K=3.9) is essential to meet the stringent speed, power dissipation and crosstalk requirements that are driving the low power integrated circuit (IC) paradigm. Both the low K dielectric and the processing methodology used for it should satisfy several important criteria before the technique can be accepted in future mainstream low power IC manufacturing. We had reported earlier a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique for the deposition of DuPont's Teflon amorphous fluoropolymer 1600 (bulk K=1.93) using the principle of direct liquid injection. The processing was carried out with and without an ultra violet (UV) light source in a computerized rapid isothermal processing (RIP) system. Recently, we have extensively characterized the films and examined the suitability of our technique in light of some of the requirements of the future IC industry. Our results indicate that the processed films exceed several of the established dielectric performance standards outlined in recent roadmaps for sub 0.25 μm ICs. The film properties were improved when the UV source was used during processing. CVD processed films in general demonstrated significant improvements in terms of manufacturability, throughput, cost, and dielectric properties over the same films processed by alternate techniques.

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