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8th International Conference on Energy and Environmental Science, ICEES 2024

作者： Matimapa-Kay, Vissavakawn Gigsydha Laooung-u-thai, Yanisa Bioengineering Programme Faculty of Engineering Burapha University Chon Buri Thailand Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Burapha University Chon Buri Thailand

ISBN: (纸本)9783031639005

This research focuses on the enhancement of biobutanol production through Clostridium spp. and its mutants by using agricultural waste as carbon source. The fermentable sugar was extracted from sugarcane bagasse using alkaline pretreatment and steam hydrolysis. The agricultural waste, rich in cellulose, undergoes NaOH-based alkaline pretreatment, effectively removing lignin at a low cost. Subsequent steam hydrolysis results in increasing glucose concentrations across multiple rounds, with maximum hydrolysis observed in round 2, yielding of reducing sugar 16.88% (25.32 g/L). This work evaluates different media types for biobutanol production, comparing commercial glucose (media type I) with hydrolysed sugar (media type II). Both wild-type (WT) and mutant strains are utilised, with strain 45–20 exhibiting the highest butanol concentration in media type II. Economic analysis reveals that NaOH pretreatment incurs a cost of 0.66 USD/L of hydrolysis, offset by a benefit of 0.80 USD based on the value of reducing sugar. Steam hydrolysis from round 1 to round 2 yields 48.24 g/L, resulting in an additional benefit of 1.1 USD. Importantly, the study establishes the feasibility of non-toxic conditions for alkaline pretreatment and hydrolysis, making the overall process economically viable. These findings underscore the potential of utilizing sugarcane bagasse as a valuable resource for sustainable biobutanol production under cost-effective conditions. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024.

关键词： Bagasse

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Advances in FRET-based biosensors from donor-acceptor design to applications

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Aggregate 2024年第2期5卷 17-38页

作者： Wen-Chao Yang Shuang-Yu Li Shengnan Ni Guozhen Liu National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural BioengineeringMinistry of EducationCenter for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou UniversityGuiyangPeople’s Republic of China CUHK(SZ)-Boyalife Joint Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine Engineering Biomedical Engineering ProgrammeSchool of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongShenzhenChina Ciechanover Institute of Precision and Regenerative Medicine School of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongShenzhenChina

Fluorogenic biosensors are essential tools widely used in biomedicine,chemical biology,environmental protection and food *** resonance energy transfer(FRET)is a crucial technique for developing fluorogenic biosensors that provide mechanistic insight into bioprocesses through time-spatial bioimaging in living cells and *** extensive FRET-based sensors have been developed for detecting or imaging analytes of interest over the past decade,few comprehensive reviews have summarized the recent studies from the fundamental chemical angle about the design and *** this work,the recent advance in the discovery of FRET biosensors using donor-acceptor dye combinations is described and they are classified based on different types of analytes,such as mall molecules,proteins,enzymes,nucleic acids and metal *** review provides molecular-level inspiration for the design of FRET-based biosensors,aiding in their application in biosensing and bioimaging.

关键词： bioimaging donor-acceptor pairs fluorescence resonance energy transfer fluorogenic biosensors nanomaterials

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Analysis on the barrier properties of thin film PLA/PBAT reinforced with microcrystalline cellulose 1

Analysis on the barrier properties of thin film PLA/PBAT rei...

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1st International Conference on Material Processing and Technology, ICMProTech 2021

作者： Ramle, Sitti Fatimah Mhd Rahim, Aqilah Abdul Jusoh, Nur Hafizzah Rawi, Nurul Fazita Mohammad Alam, Che Ku Abdullah Che Ku Forest Resources Technology Programme Faculty of Bioengineering and Technology Universiti Malaysia Kelantan Jeli Kelantan 17600 Malaysia Division of Bio-Resources Technology School of Industrial Technology Universiti Sains Malaysia Pulau Pinang 11800 Malaysia

In recent times, awareness on plastic pollution had increase which brings innovation on new productions to be environmental friendly. Various polymers has been used to analyse the suitability to produce thin films. In this study, Poly lactic acid (PLA) and Polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT) reinforced with microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) were investigated. MCC were produced from selected bamboo for obtaining cellulose, then followed by an acidic hydrolysis process for the processing of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC). In this study, the thin film are focusing on the barrier properties such as water absorption, solvent resistance and absorption test. From the results shows that, the lowest rate of water absorption rate is 1.9% by 1% B-MCC/PLA/PBAT, meanwhile, the highest rate of water absorption is 60.1% by 5% C-MCC/PLA/PBAT. The water absorption rate decrease gradually with the decreasing of amount of MCC in the samples. Lastly, the thin film samples can resist with oleic acid solvents as the condition of thin film samples is still remain but they were not resistance with xylene as the thin film samples were shrinked and degraded. This thin film have a potential to replace the non-biodegradable petrochemical polymer based on their properties such as food contact, availability and cost. © 2021 Institute of Physics Publishing. All rights reserved.

关键词： Cellulose

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Transverse Pelvic/Saddle Rotation Characterizing Push-Off Initiation During Saddle-Seat-Type Body-Weight-Supported Treadmill Walking

Transverse Pelvic/Saddle Rotation Characterizing Push-Off In...

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IEEE/RAS-EMBS International Conference on Biomedical Robotics and Biomechatronics (BioRob)

作者： Ryohei Terada Hiroaki Hirai Kosei Sasaki Hirokazu Kuga Keisuke Furukawa Kazuhiro Matsui Atsushi Nishikawa Hermano Igo Krebs Department of Mechanical Science and Bioengineering Graduate School of Engineering Science Osaka University Toyonaka Japan Department of Mechanical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge USA Department of Neurology University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore USA Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Fujita Health University Nagoya Japan Department of System Design Engineering Keio University Tokyo Japan The Wolfson School of Engineering Loughborough University Loughborough UK Programme Bioengineering Applied Science and Intelligent Systems University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome Rome Italy Healthcare Engineering Innovation Center (HEIC) Khalifa University of Science and Technology Abu Dhabi UAE Department of Mechanical Science and Bioengineering Osaka University Toyonaka Japan

ISBN: (数字)9798350386523

ISBN: (纸本)9798350386530

Background and Aim: A push-off event is a significant gait phase that contributes to initiating the swing leg and propelling the body forward. This study aims to explore a method for estimating push-off initiation, focusing on pelvic and saddle-seat motion peculiar to saddle-seat-type body-weight-supported (BWS) treadmill walking. Methods: The pelvic/saddle-seat rotation and ground reaction force during saddle-seat-type BWS treadmill walking were measured using an IMU sensor and a force plate in the treadmill, respectively. The hypothesis posits that the transverse rotational displacement of the pelvis and saddle seat aids in estimating push-off initiation. Results: The analysis results show that (1) the timing estimated from transverse pelvic rotation moderately agreed with push-off initiation timing (Spearman's rank correlation coefficient $\rho=0.59, \mathrm{p} < 0.01)$ , and (2) the timing estimated from transverse saddle rotation strongly agreed with push-off initiation timing $(\rho=0.67,\mathrm{p} < 0.01)$ . Conclusions: The utilization of a single IMU sensor requires a minimal setup for identifying push-off initiation, which contributes to reducing time, effort, and costs in clinical settings. This preliminary study using intact subjects should be a meaningful first step in the research for gait rehabilitation with saddle-seat-type BWS.

关键词： Legged locomotion Training Force measurement Force Focusing Propulsion Robot sensing systems Timing Pelvis Rotation measurement

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Impact of reactive oxygen species on Fe(II) oxidation and pyrite floatability under alkaline conditions

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Minerals Engineering 2025年 230卷

作者： Niu, Xiaopeng Zhao, Haiping Xu, Shihong Jia, Xianbing Jia, Yan Ruan, Renman National Engineering Research Center for Green Recycling for Strategic Metal Resources Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China Management Committee of Zhongguancun Science Park's Xicheng Park Postdoctoral Programme Norin Mining Limited Branch Beijing100053 China Norin Mining Limited Beijing100053 China School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering Central South University Changsha410083 China

The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as H2O2 and •OH during pyrite grinding and their impact on flotation under acidic conditions is well documented, yet their role in alkaline systems remains unclear. This study investigates the impact of ROS on fine pyrite floatability at alkaline pH, with a focus on ROS effect on Fe2+ oxidation. Surface oxidation products and collector adsorption were systematically analyzed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and time of flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy (ToF-SIMS). Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) revealed that ROS (e.g., H2O2 and •OH) formed spontaneously during pyrite grinding, with their types and concentrations varying across slurry pH levels. At pH 8, Fe2+ addition depressed pyrite flotation, whereas sodium citrate addition enhanced pyrite floatability. Tof-SIMS and XPS analyses demonstrated that conditioning fine pyrite in a mixture of Fe2+ and H2O2 solution reduced the normalized intensity of C4H9OCS2- (collector species) while increasing of FeOOH- signals, suggesting that iron oxide/hydroxide species (e.g., FeOOH) inhibited collector adsorption. Critically, Fe2+ oxidation experiments confirmed that ROS accelerated Fe2+ oxidation and subsequent precipitation under alkaline conditions. These results indicated that fine pyrite depression at alkaline pH arose primarily from Fe(II) oxidation and precipitation, rather than direct ROS-induced surface oxidation. By introducing an iron-complexing agent (e.g., sodium citrate), the oxidation and precipitation of Fe(II) was mitigated, alleviating pyrite depression, as validated through tests on Carlin-type gold ores from Northwestern China. This work advances fundamental understanding of ROS interactions with pyrite at alkaline pH and propose practical engineering solutions to enhance gold recovery from refractory Carlin-type deposits. © 2025

关键词： Electron spin resonance spectroscopy

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Phycoremediation of anaerobic digested dairy manure wastewater using Chlorella vulgaris 5

Phycoremediation of anaerobic digested dairy manure wastewat...

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5th International Seminar on Sciences, ISS 2018

作者： Taufikurahman, T. Istiqomah, I.N. Bioengineering Study Programme School of Life Sciences and Technology Institut Teknologi Bandung Bandung Indonesia

Microalgae have been used in a process of pollutants removal from wastewater, a process known as phycoremediation. In this study we used Chlorella vulgaris to remediate anaerobically digested dairy manure wastewater (ADDMW) which contained a high concentration of nitrogen and phosphor. The light intensity of 50, 100 μmol/m2s and sunlight were applied to the microalgal culture. Percentage of reduction in ammonium and orthophosphate content in the media were measured. Protein content in microalgal biomass was measured using hot-TCA method. At the light intensity of 100 μmol/m2s, microalgal productivity in biomass reached its high level i.e. 0.149 ± 0.03 gL-1d-1 with its protein content 10.74 ± 0.63%. However, the highest specific growth rate (0.343 ± 0.034 d-1) with the shortest doubling time (2.028 ± 0,141 d) were reached under sunlight conditions. The reduction rate of ammonium and orthophosphate content in the medium were 36-48 mgL-1h-1 and 5-6.62 mgL-1h-1 respectively in a culture which was inoculated with C. vulgaris. C. vulgaris can be used as phycoremediator for ammonium and orthophosphate, and ADDMW medium can supply C. vulgaris with appropriate nutrients. Moreover, light intensities of 50 and 100 μmol/m2s can be used in the indoor culture of microalgae. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

关键词： Fertilizers

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Fabrication and Evaluation of Graphene Oxide-Enhanced Polymer Composites for Effective Radiation Shielding in Medical Applications

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SSRN 2025年

作者： Rusli, Halimi Muhamad Razab, Mohammad Khairul Azhar Abdul Tajudin, Suffian Mohamad Abdul Aziz, Mohd Zahri Nawi, Norazlina Mat Sulaiman, Muhammad Azwadi Medical Radiation Programme School of Health Sciences Universiti Sains Malaysia Kelantan Malaysia Training Unit School of Health Sciences Universiti Sains Malaysia Kelantan Malaysia Faculty of Health Sciences Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin Terengganu Malaysia Universiti Sains Malaysia Pulau Pinang Malaysia Department of Nuclear Medicine Radiotherapy & Oncology School of Medical Sciences Universiti Sains Malaysia Kelantan Malaysia Faculty Bioengineering and Technology Universiti Malaysia Kelantan Jeli Campus Kelantan Jeli Malaysia

The toxicity and environmental hazards of lead have prompted the development of polymer-based alternatives for radiation shielding. Polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) nanocomposites reinforced with graphene oxide (GO), silver (Ag), tin (Sn), and tungsten (W) nanoparticles have emerged as promising materials for medical applications, including protective garments and shielding barriers in diagnostic imaging and radiotherapy. In this study, GO was synthesized using a modified Hummer’s method, while Ag nanoparticles were prepared via microwave irradiation. A total of 30 PVAc composite samples with varying filler ratios were fabricated to evaluate their structural and functional properties. UV-Vis and FTIR analyses confirmed the successful incorporation of GO, while FESEM and EDX demonstrated uniform nanoparticle dispersion and elemental composition. XRD and TEM further validated the molecular arrangement and internal structural integration of the nano-metal fillers. Among the composites, Id-22, which contained the highest filler content, exhibited superior radiation shielding performance at 0.364 MeV photon energy, achieving mass attenuation coefficient (MAC) of 7.36 cm2/g, linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) of 14.18 cm−1, half-value layer (HVL) of 0.0489 cm, tenth-value layer (TVL) of 0.16 cm, mean free path (MFP) of 0.0705 cm, and a radiation protection efficiency (RPE) of 75.88%. Additionally, Id-22 demonstrated exceptional mechanical strength, making it suitable for durable protective equipment in precision medicine. PHITS simulations closely aligned with experimental results, with an error below 0.05, validating the material’s reliability. These findings underscore the potential of PVAc-GO-Ag-Sn-W nanocomposites for enhancing radiation protection in clinical settings. © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Polyvinyl acetates

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Physical properties and soil degradation of PLA/PBAT blends film reinforced with bamboo cellulose

Physical properties and soil degradation of PLA/PBAT blends ...

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International Conference on Science and Technology 2020, ICoST 2020

作者： Mhd Ramle, Sitti Fatimah Ahmad, Nur Ayuni Mohammad Rawi, Nurul Fazita Zahidan, Nur Salsabilla Geng, Boon Jia Forest Resources Technology Programme Faculty of Bioengineering and Technology Universiti Malaysia Kelantan Jeli Kelantan17600 Malaysia Division of Bio-Resources Technology School of Industrial Technology Universiti Sains Malaysia Pulau Pinang11800 Malaysia

Cellulose is known as the most abundant organic molecule that is renewable and suitable to replace synthetic polymers in the production of plastics with a formula of (C6H1005)n. Cellulose from plants is the most excellent material for reinforcing fillers. The percentage of cellulose in bamboo is range 45-55%. In this research cellulose from bamboo were incorporated with PLA and PBAT to produce cellulose film. The cellulose film produced with different amount of cellulose which are 0%, 3%, 6% and 9%. The findings showed that PLA/cellulose with 9% content of cellulose showed a higher mass loss with 12.39%, followed by the PLA/PBAT/cellulose 9%, which was 9.69%. Meanwhile, the cellulose film with 0% cellulose content for both types of plastic showed the lower biodegradability of 0.57% (PLA/cellulose bioplastic) and 0.44% (PLA/PBAT/cellulose bioplastic). It shows that biodegradability in the natural environment is the benefits of the film with a high content of cellulose. This analysis revealed the degradation of cellulose film in the soil. Usually, conventional plastic cannot easily be biodegraded by the organisms. Based on this study, it is showed that the increase of the cellulose content also encourages the film to degrade quickly. It is thus revealed that the study on bamboo's cellulose, provides the scientific information for the application and implementation of bamboo cellulose as an effective biodegradable plastics. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

关键词： Cellulose

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A study on chitosan coated polycaprolactone (Ch-pcl) microspheres prepared via double smulsion solvent evaporation method 3rd

A study on chitosan coated polycaprolactone (Ch-pcl) microsp...

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3rd International Conference on Advanced Materials Characterization Techniques, AMCT 2019

作者： Te, Zi Yang Yeoh, Wei Heng Shahidan, Muhammad Ashraf Shahidan, Nur Nabilah Material Technology Programme Faculty of Bioengineering and Technology Universiti Malaysia Kelantan Jeli Campus Locked Bag No. 100 JeliKelantan17600 Malaysia School of Bioscience and Technology Faculty of Science and Technology Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia BangiSelangor43600 Malaysia

ISBN: (纸本)9783035715828

Polycaprolactone coated with chitosan microspheres have the potential to be used as delivery systems and biosensors. Polycaprolactone (PCL) is, however hydrophobic, to improve the biofunctional and potential immobilization of PCL polymer, chitosan-coated PCL microspheres (MSs) were prepared using a double emulsion solvent evaporation method. Different particle sizes were prepared by altering five parameters. When the MSs were prepared using oil to water phase ratio or oil fraction (o) of o = 0.95 to o = 0.38, the MSs average diameter (Dv) reduced from 3.86 to 3.53 µm along with its coefficient of variation (CV), reduced from 18.1 to 12.3 respectively. The MSs prepared with higher polymer concentration of 6 wt.% shows higher Dv (4.51 µm) and CV (25.2) compared to 1.2 wt.% of PCL, which Dv = 3.86 µm with CV of 18.1. The first homogenizer speed (H1) was increased in order to prepare smaller MSs. When H1 increased from 6000 to 10000 rpm, MSs Dv reduced from 3.86 to 3.45 µm along with its CV reduce from 18.1 to 16.6 for o = 0.95. It is also the same case for o = 0.52, where the Dv reduced from 3.70 to 3.19 µm and its CV reduce from 25.8 to 25.2. The effect of NaCl concentration on MSs preparation shows, higher NaCl concentration (1.8 wt.%) produced smaller Dv (Dv = 3.86 µm) compared to lower concentration of 0.9 wt.%, produced Dv = 4.51 µm for o = 0.95. The trend also follows when the MSs were prepared for o = 0.52. The delay in adding the NaCl shows distinct effect on Dv. For both 0.9 and 1.8 wt.% of NaCl, the Dv increase from 4.51 to 6.40 µm and 4.31 to 6.17 µm respectively. Therefore, the targeted Dv for certain application could be achieved by altering the parameters above. Finally, to study the Ch-PCL potential as enzyme immobilizer, horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was used to be immobilized on to the Ch-PCL MSs. After 7 days, the HRP enzyme still show 51% activity under robust storage condition. © 2020 Trans Tech Publications Ltd, Switzerland.

关键词： Chitosan

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Fatty Acylcarnitine Metabolism in Brown/Beige and White Fats by 13C HRMAS NMR Spectroscopy With Metabolic Interventions

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NMR in Biomedicine 2025年第6期38卷 e70040页

作者： Yaligar, Jadegoud Rengaraj, Anantharaj Le, Giang Thi Thu Leow, Melvin Khee-Shing Eriksson, Johan G. Ashokkumar, Balasubramaniem Velan, S. Sendhil Singapore Laboratory of Molecular Imaging Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging A*STAR Singapore Human Potential Translational Research Programme Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore Department of Genetic Engineering School of Biotechnology Madurai Kamaraj University Madurai India Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine Nanyang Technological University Singapore Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Program Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore Department of Medicine Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore Division of Medicine Department of Endocrinology Tan Tock Seng Hospital Singapore Human Magnetic Resonance Centre Institute for Applied Life Sciences University of Massachusetts Amherst AmherstMA United States

White adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) have distinct structural and physiological characteristics and serve opposing functions in the body. WAT primarily stores energy, whereas BAT is metabolically active and positively influences metabolic health, contributing to energy expenditure, reduced fat accumulation and enhanced mitochondrial metabolism. Recently, both classical BAT and beige fat (or inducible/recruitable BAT) that arises from the browning of WAT have attracted clinical interest as potential targets for improving mitochondrial metabolism and managing obesity-related metabolic disorders. Currently, there is a lack of specific metabolic biomarkers for characterizing classical BAT and beige fat tissues, which are essential for evaluating mitochondrial oxidative metabolism and screening browning agents for therapeutic use. In this study, we investigated the potential metabolic biomarker fatty acylcarnitine in interscapular BAT (iBAT) from the interscapular region and beige adipose tissue from the inguinal region of the animal using ex vivo 13C high-resolution magic angle spinning (HRMAS) NMR spectroscopy. We examined how mitochondrial oxidative metabolism was altered in response to a high-fat diet (HFD) and how it was restored through iBAT activation using stimuli such as cold exposure and β3-adrenergic receptor (β3-AR) agonist, CL-316,243 treatment. We identified fatty acylcarnitine as a potential metabolic marker present in iBAT and beige tissues, whereas it was absent in iWAT. The concentration of fatty acylcarnitine significantly decreased in HFD-fed animals due to impaired lipolysis resulting in inefficient shuttling of fatty acids for mitochondrial β oxidation. However, its concentration increased or was restored in response to iBAT activation through either β3-AR agonist treatment or cold exposure, indicating a high-energy metabolic state with enhanced mitochondrial metabolism in iBAT. Fatty acylcarnitine shows promise as a biomarker f

关键词： Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy

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