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Rainfall frequency analysis using event-maximum rainfalls – An event-based mixture distribution modeling approach

Weather and Climate Extremes 2024年 43卷

作者： Cheng, Ke-Sheng Chen, Bo-Yu Lin, Teng-Wei Nakamura, Kimihito Ruangrassamee, Piyatida Chikamori, Hidetaka Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan Master Program in Statistics National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan Graduate School of Agriculture Kyoto University Kyoto Japan Department of Water Resources Engineering Faculty of Engineering Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand Department of Environmental Management Engineering Okayama University Okayama Japan

Rainfall frequency analysis, an essential work for water resources management, is often conducted by using the annual maximum rainfall series. For rainfall stations with short record lengths and outliers presence, the use of annual maximum series for rainfall frequency analysis may yield design rainfall estimates of higher uncertainties. Moreover, for regions with cyclostationary climate patterns, the annual maximum rainfalls may be caused by different prevalent storm types, which differ in terms of their occurrence frequency and storm rainfall characteristics. In this study, we propose a novel event-maximum-rainfall-based mixture distribution modeling approach for rainfall frequency analysis. By considering the event-maximum rainfalls of individual storm events, the sample size for parameter estimation increases, and the uncertainty of design rainfall estimates reduces. Mixture distribution modeling enables a thorough investigation of the contributing probabilities of different storm types to the annual maximum rainfall. Through rigorous stochastic simulation, we demonstrated the superiority of the proposed approach over the conventional annual maximum rainfall approach. The proposed approach was applied to four representative rainfall stations in Taiwan, and the results revealed that the proposed approach is more robust than the conventional annual maximum rainfall approach. The results provide insights into the contributions of individual storm types to the annual maximum rainfall. © 2023 The Authors

关键词： Annual maxima Event-maximum rainfalls Frequency analysis Mixture distribution Negative binomial distribution Poisson distribution

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Strategic legislation for the promotion of university–industry collaborations: a case study of Taiwan

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Journal of Technology Transfer 2025年第1期50卷 304-344页

作者： Truong, Thanh Hue Lin, Bou-Wen Tung, Ching-Pin International Degree Program in Climate Change and Sustainable Development National Taiwan University No. 1 Sec. 4 Roosevelt Road Taipei106 Taiwan Research Center for Future Earth National Taiwan University No. 1 Sec. 4 Roosevelt Road Taipei106 Taiwan Graduate Institute of Business Administration College of Management National Taiwan University No. 1 Sec. 4 Roosevelt Road Taipei106 Taiwan National Applied Research Laboratories No. 106 Sec. 2 Heping E. Rd. Da’an Dist. Taipei City106214 Taiwan Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering National Taiwan University No. 1 Sec. 4 Roosevelt Road Taipei106 Taiwan

The strategic utilization of technology to enhance industrial competitiveness and product quality is pivotal for economic growth. As universities own more inventions, collaborative efforts between industry and academia become essential for regional competitiveness and overall economic advancement. This study explores Taiwan’s systematic approach to upgrading its infrastructure, emphasizing the significance of University–Industry Collaborations (UIC) in realizing Industry 4.0. Government strategies and policy decisions emerge as key drivers in fostering successful collaborative projects between industry and university teams. The relaxation of restrictions, particularly related to part-time teachers and technology transfer, along with the promotion of corporate programs, effective use of public funding, and the development of an innovative digital platform system for UIC, collectively contribute to establishing a robust university–industry cooperation mechanism. This mechanism has contributed to Taiwan’s move towards new digital advances in innovation and entrepreneurship, fostering industrial leadership and efficient governance. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Technology transfer

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Rainfall Frequency Analysis Using Event-Maximum Rainfalls – an Event-Based Mixture Distribution Modeling Approach

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Cheng, Ke-Sheng Chen, Bo-Yu Lin, Teng-Wei Nakamura, Kimihito Ruangrasamee, Piyatida Chikamori, Hidetaka Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan Master Program in Statistics National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan Graduate School of Agriculture Kyoto University Kyoto Japan Department of Water Resources Engineering Faculty of Engineering Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand Department of Environmental Management Engineering Okayama University Okayama Japan

Rainfall frequency analysis, an essential work for water resources management, is often conducted by using the annual maximum rainfall series. For rainfall stations with short record lengths and outliers presence, the use of annual maximum series for rainfall frequency analysis may yield design rainfall estimates of higher uncertainties. Moreover, for regions with cyclostationary climate patterns, the annual maximum rainfalls may be caused by different prevalent storm types, which differ in terms of their occurrence frequency and storm rainfall characteristics. In this study, we propose an event-maximum-rainfall-based mixture distribution modeling approach for rainfall frequency analysis. By considering the event-maximum rainfalls of individual storm events, the sample size for parameter estimation increases, and the uncertainty of design rainfall estimates reduces. Mixture distribution modeling enables a thorough investigation of the contributing probabilities of different storm types to the annual maximum rainfall. Through rigorous stochastic simulation, we demonstrated the superiority of the proposed approach over the conventional annual-maximum-rainfall approach. The proposed approach was applied to four representative rainfall stations in Taiwan, and the results revealed that the proposed approach is more robust than the conventional annual-maximum-rainfall approach. The results provide insights into the contributions of individual storm types to the annual maximum rainfall. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Poisson distribution

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Characterization of a thermostable-organic solvent-tolerant lipase from thermotolerant Rhizopus sp. strain PKC12B2 isolated from palm kernel cake

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Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental engineering 2024年 9卷

作者： Riyadi, Fatimah Azizah Alam, Md Zahangir Salleh, Md Noor Salleh, Hamzah Mohd Hidayatullah, Ibnu Maulana Hara, Hirofumi Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universitas Indonesia West Java Depok 16424 Indonesia Bioprocess Engineering Study Program Faculty of Engineering Universitas Indonesia West Java Depok 16424 Indonesia Research Center for Biomass Valorization Universitas Indonesia West Java Depok 16424 Indonesia Bioenvironmental Engineering Research Centre (BERC) Department of Biotechnology Engineering Faculty of Engineering International Islamic University Malaysia Kuala Lumpur 53100 Malaysia Department of Biotechnology Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences The University of Tokyo 1-1-1 Yayoi Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8657 Japan

In this work, a new thermostable and organic solvent-tolerant lipase produced from Rhizopus sp. strain PKC12B2 was characterized to evaluate its activity and stability toward pH, temperature, organic solvents, and surfactants. The catalytic efficiency of the produced enzyme was also analyzed through enzyme kinetics study. Produced lipase exhibits remarkable stability at pH 8.0 to pH 10.0 and shows optimum activity at pH 9.0, demonstrating alkali lipase properties. Lipase has an optimum temperature of 45 °C and possesses significant thermal stability in the temperature range between 45 and 55 °C. Exceptional enzyme stability was also demonstrated in the presence of both polar solvents, such as glycerol, isopropanol and acetone, as well as non-polar solvents, such as cyclohexane and heptane up to 30 % (v/v) solvent concentration, where the enzyme retained more than 80 % activity after 1-h pre-incubation. For methanol, ethanol, and n-octanol, the relative activity of lipase was highly stable in the presence of up to 20 % (v/v) solvent concentration. Na⁺, Zn²⁺, and Fe³⁺ ions significantly stimulate the lipase activity at a final concentration of 10 mM. Lipase also demonstrated stimulatory effects towards a broad concentration range (0.2–1 %) of surfactants Tween 80 and Triton X-100. The Linearized Michaelis-Menten model in the form of Lineweaver-Burk (R² = 0.995) and Hanes-Woolf (R² = 0.996) models was found to successfully display the enzyme kinetics, in which the former generated Km and V_max of 1.965 mM and 4.51 mM/min respectively, while the latter generated Km and V_max of 1.295 mM and 3.389 mM/min, respectively. These new enzyme attributes demonstrate its great potential in biotechnology applications, such as for detergent formulations, biodiesel production and organic synthesis industries. © 2024 The Authors

关键词： Characterization Lipase Rhizopus sp. strain PKC12B2 Thermostable-organic solvent-tolerant enzyme

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Possible pathways for low carbon transitions: Investigating the efforts of oil companies in CCUS technologies

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Energy Strategy Reviews 2024年 54卷

作者： Truong, Thanh Hue Lin, Bou-Wen Lo, Ching-Hua Tung, Ching-Pin Chao, Chia-Wei International Degree Program in Climate Change and Sustainable Development National Taiwan University Taipei106216 Taiwan Graduate Institute of Business Administration College of Management National Taiwan University Taipei106216 Taiwan Department of Geosciences National Taiwan University Taipei106214 Taiwan Research Center for Future Earth National Taiwan University Taipei106214 Taiwan National Applied Research Laboratories Taipei106214 Taiwan Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei106216 Taiwan

Oil and gas industries within the energy sector are a significant contributor to carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, a primary driver of climate change and global warming. However, research on their efforts to combat this issue remains limited. This study investigates climate initiatives by five major oil companies, emphasizing carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS). Analyzing 98,730 patents from 2000 to 2022, the results show that they collectively registered 871 CCUS-related patents. ExxonMobil leads with 359, followed by Shell, though 70 % of its patents are inactive. The primary technical fields of these five companies include technologies developed to capture and dispose of CO2, and to utilize a bio-feedstock approach in the oil refining and petrochemical industry. Our findings reveal that all five companies have strategically integrated CCUS into their business operations, forming partnerships with third-party emitters as partners and customers, and implementing efforts to lower the carbon burden of existing assets. These findings are expected to help with strategic decision-making, guiding targeted investments, and paving the way for future research and development endeavors in the rapidly evolving CCUS domain. © 2024 The Authors

关键词： Carbon dioxide

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Dramatic effect of extreme rainfall event and storm on microbial community dynamics in a subtropical coastal region

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Science of the Total Environment 2025年 964卷 178560页

作者： Olivia, Madeline Annabel, Clara Natalie Chen, Patrichka Wei-Yi Hsieh, Chih-hao Chang, Feng-Hsun Ho, Pei-Chi Chien, Chia-Te Chao, Chien-Fu Mukhanov, Vladimir Tsai, An-Yi Institute of Marine Environment and Ecology National Taiwan Ocean University Keelung202-24 Taiwan Doctoral Degree Program in Ocean Resource and Environmental Changes National Taiwan Ocean University Keelung202-24 Taiwan Center of Excellence for the Oceans National Taiwan Ocean University Keelung202-24 Taiwan Institute of Oceanography National Taiwan University Taipei10617 Taiwan Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei10617 Taiwan A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas Russian Academy of Sciences Sevastopol299011 Russia Laboratory of Marine Ecosystems Institute for Advanced Research Sevastopol State University Sevastopol299053 Russia

Extreme weather events, such as heavy rainfall and typhoons, are becoming more frequent due to climate change and can significantly impact coastal microbial communities. This study examines the short-term alterations in microbial food webs—viruses, bacteria, picophytoplankton, nanoflagellates, ciliates, and diatom—following Typhoon Krathon in Taiwan's coastal waters in October 2024. Daily in situ sampling revealed a significant post-typhoon increased in viral, nanoflagellate, and Synechococcus spp. abundance. Furthermore, viral, Synechococcus spp., and nanoflagellate abundance increased by approximately 4.2 to 12.8-fold, 33.3 to 160 fold, and 0.5 to 9.4 fold in response to these weather events, compared to periods pre-typhoon, respectively. Modified dilution experiments showed that, before the typhoon, nanoflagellate grazing was the major cause of bacterial mortality, while viral lysis was the main cause of Synechococcus spp. mortality. Post-typhoon, there was a notable shift, with nanoflagellate grazing increasing mortality rates of bacteria and Synechococcus spp., suggesting that grazing became the dominant top-down control mechanism after the disturbance. Our findings suggest that extreme weather events shift microbial mortality dynamics, increasing the role of grazing in controlling microbial populations, with potential implications for carbon cycling in coastal ecosystems. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Tropical cyclone

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Ambient temperature and all-cause and cardiovascular diseases mortality risk by areas in Taiwan

Taiwan Journal of Public Health

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Taiwan Journal of Public Health 2015年第1期34卷 103-114页

作者： Lin, Yu-Kai Yu, Sung-Wei Lin, Pay-Liam Wang, Yu-Chun Environmental and Occupational Medicine and Epidemiology Program Department of Environmental Health Harvard School of Public Health Boston MA United States Institute of Environmental Health National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan Department of Bioenvironmental Engineering College of Engineering Chung Yuan Christian University No. 200 Chung-Pei Rd. Chung Li Taoyuan Taiwan Department of Atmospheric Sciences National Central University Jhongli Dist. Taoyuan Taiwan

Objectives: To evaluate the all-cause (ICD-9 000-999) and cardiovascular diseases (ICD-9 390-459) mortality risks associated with regional ambient temperatures in Taiwan between 2000 and 2008. Methods: We applied the distributed lag non-linear model to estimate the 8-day cumulative mortality risks associated with high temperatures during the hot season (May-October) and 26-day cumulative mortality risks associated with low temperatures during the cold season (November-April) in 7 study areas. Area cause-specific mortality risks were estimated in association with daily average temperatures at Z±1 and ±2 and by study season. Results: The mortality risks in Taiwan were greater from low temperatures than hot temperatures, especially for mortality from cardiovascular diseases. The mortality risk associated low temperatures was highest in the Taoyuan-Hsinchu-Miaoli area, with relative risks of 2.21 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.33-3.67) for all-cause and 4.09 (95% CI: 1.39-12.03) for cardiovascular diseases. High temperatures also elevated the all-cause mortality, but not cardiovascular diseases mortality, in the Yunlin-Chiayi-Tainan and Kaohsiung-Pingtung areas. In contrast, extremely high temperatures were associated with cardiovascular diseases mortality in the Hualien-Taitung area only. Conclusions: Cumulative all-cause and cardiovascular diseases mortality risks for high and low temperatures are various among regions in Taiwan. This study provides the reference for a temperature-health warning and response system for the local health authority in Taiwan.

关键词： All causes Cardiovascular Mortality Temperature

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Efficacy of mulching, irrigation and nitrogen applications on bottle gourd and okra for yield improvement and crop diversification

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Irrigation and Drainage Systems 2009年第1期23卷 25-41页

作者： Tan, Yih-Chi Lai, Jihn-Sung Adhikari, K.R. Shakya, S.M. Shukla, A.K. Sharma, K.R. Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering Hydrotech Research Institute National Taiwan University 1 Roosevelt Road Sec 4 Taipei 106 Taiwan Out-reach Research Program Hydrotech Research Institute National Taiwan University 1 Roosevelt Road Sec 4 Taipei 106 Taiwan Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Engineering Institute of Agriculture and Animal Sciences Tribhuvan University Rampur Chitwan Nepal Department of Horticulture Institute of Agriculture and Animal Sciences Tribhuvan University Rampur Chitwan Nepal Bhaktapur Nepal

An on-farm irrigation trial conducted on the upland of Chitwan valley of Nepal evaluated the amount and frequency of irrigation as well as the effect of nitrogen fertilizer and straw mulch applications on the performance of bottle gourd and okra vegetables. The experiment was laid out on split-split-plot design with fertilizer as main-plot factor, frequencies of irrigation as sub-plot factor, and amount of irrigation as sub-sub-plot factor. Data analysis revealed that frequency and amount of irrigation had a significant interaction effect on the number of nodes that emerge before the opening of the first flower in bottle gourd. Likewise, a significant effect of mulching was observed on the number of primary branches (P = 0.05). Number of nodes and primary branches both contributed to higher production of bottle gourd. Results also indicated that frequent application of higher amount of irrigation to bottle gourd could lead to reduced water productivity and suffer from yield losses. In the case of okra, low level of nitrogen application (30 kg N ha-1) with low but daily watering had significantly higher yield (1,365 g plot-1) than from higher level of nitrogen application (90 kg ha-1) (P = 0.01). Interaction effect of all factors was also significant (P = 0.05) on the fruit yield of okra which implied greater value of smaller irrigation to contribute to increased returns to farmers by improving production level of okra in this area of Nepal © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2009.

关键词： Irrigation

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Lactic acid recovery from cheese whey fermentation broth using combined ultrafiltration and nanofiltration membranes

Lactic acid recovery from cheese whey fermentation broth usi...

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作者： Li, Yebo Shahbazi, Abolghasem Bioenvironmental Engineering Program Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Design North Carolina A and T State University 1601 East Market Street Greensboro NC 27411 United States

The separation of lactic acid from lactose in the ultrafiltration permeate of cheese whey broth was studied using a cross-flow nanofiltration membrane unit. Experiments to test lactic acid recovery were conducted at three levels of pressure (1.4, 2.1, and 2.8 MPa), two levels of initial lactic acid concentration (18.6 and 27 g/L), and two types of nanofiltration membranes (DS-5DK and DS-5HL). Higher pressure caused significantly higher permeate flux and higher lactose and lactic acid retention (p < 0.0001). Higher initial lactic acid concentrations also caused significantly higher permeate flux, but significantly lower lactose and lactic acid retention (p < 0.0001). The two tested membranes demonstrated significant differences on the permeate flux and lactose and lactic acid retention. Membrane DS-5DK was found to retain 100% of lactose at an initial lactic acid concentration of 18.6 g/L for all the tested pressures, and had a retention level of 99.5% of lactose at initial lactic acid concentration of 27 g/L when the pressure reached 2.8 MPa. For all the tests when lactose retention reached 99-100%, as much as 64% of the lactic acid could be recovered in the permeate. Copyright © 2006 by Humana Press Inc. All rights of any nature whatsoever reserved.

关键词： Dairy products

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Availability of crop residues as sustainable feedstock for bioethanol production in North Carolina

Availability of crop residues as sustainable feedstock for b...

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作者： Shahbazi, Abolghasem Li, Yebo Bioenvironmental Engineering Program Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Design North Carolina A and T State University 1601 East Market Street Greensboro NC 27411 United States

The amount of corn stover and wheat straw that can be sustainably collected in North Carolina was estimated to be 0.64 and 0.16 million dry t/yr, respectively. More than 80% of these crop residues are located in the coastal area. The bioethanol potential from corn stover and wheat straw was estimated to be about 238 million L (63 million gal/yr) in North Carolina. The future location of ethanol plant in North Carolina was estimated based on feedstock demand and collection radius. It is possible to have four ethanol plants with feedstock demand of 400, 450, 500, and 640 dry t/d. The collection radii for these four ethanol plants are 46, 60, 42, and 67 km (28, 37, 26, and 42 miles), respectively. The best location for a bioethanol plant includes four counties (Beaufort, Hyde, Tyrrell, and Washington) with feedstock demand of 500 t/d and collection radius about 26 mile. Copyright © 2006 by Humana Press Inc. All rights of any nature whatsoever reserved.

关键词： Synthetic fuels

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