Standard game theory cannot describe microbial interactions mediated by diffusible molecules. Nevertheless, we show that one can still model microbial dynamics using game theory with parameters renormalized by diffusi...
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Standard game theory cannot describe microbial interactions mediated by diffusible molecules. Nevertheless, we show that one can still model microbial dynamics using game theory with parameters renormalized by diffusion. Contrary to expectations, greater sharing of metabolites reduces the strength of cooperation and leads to species extinction via a nonequilibrium phase transition. We report analytic results for the critical diffusivity and the length scale of species intermixing. Species producing slower public good is favored by selection when fitness saturates with nutrient concentration.
In today's digitalization era, asset management has evolved following the rapid adoption of information systems and digital technologies. In the maintenance phase of the asset, Digital Twin (DT) emerges as an effe...
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Preventive strategies should be the utmost priority when dealing with diverse patients suffering from malignant ventricular arrhythmia (MVA) that can lead to sudden cardiac death (SCD). Electrocardiogram (ECG) data is...
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Most biological systems are by nature hybrids consist of interacting discrete and continuous components,which may even operate on different time scales. Therefore,' it is desirable to establish modeling frameworks...
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Most biological systems are by nature hybrids consist of interacting discrete and continuous components,which may even operate on different time scales. Therefore,' it is desirable to establish modeling frameworks that are capable of combining deterministic and stochastic, discrete and continuous, as well as multi-timescale features. In the context of molecular systems biology, an example for the need of such a combination is the investigation of integrated biological pathways that contain gene regulatory, metabolic and signaling components, which may operate on different time scales and involve on-off switches as well as stochastic effects. The implementation of integrated hybrid systems is not trivial because most software is limited to one or the other of the dichotomies above. In this study, we first review the motivation for hybrid modeling. Secondly, by using the example of a toggle switch model, we illustrate a recently developed modeling framework that is based on the combination of biochemical systems theory (BST) and hybrid functional Petri nets (HFPN). Finally, we discuss remaining challenges and future opportunities.
Solar Dryer Dome (SDD), an agricultural facility for drying and preserving agricultural products, needs a smart ability to predict the future indoor climate accurately, including indoor temperature and indoor humidity...
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Mycobacterium tuberculosis(MTB)is the causative agent of tuberculosis(TB),a prevalent airborne infectious *** the availability of the Bacille Calmette-Guerin vaccine,its global efficacy remains modest,and tuberculosis...
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Mycobacterium tuberculosis(MTB)is the causative agent of tuberculosis(TB),a prevalent airborne infectious *** the availability of the Bacille Calmette-Guerin vaccine,its global efficacy remains modest,and tuberculosis persists as a significant global public health *** this challenge and advancing towards the End MTB Strategy,we developed a multiepitope vaccine(MEV)based on immunoinformatics and compu-tational *** screening of MBT protein identified immune-dominant epitopes based on Major Histocompatibility Complex(MHC)allele binding,immunogenicity,antigenicity,allergenicity,toxicity,and cytokine *** epitopes were integrated into an MEV construct with adjuvant and linkers,forming a fully immunogenic vaccine *** analyses encompassed the evaluation of immunological and physicochemical properties,determination of tertiary structure,molecular docking with Toll-Like Receptors(TLR),molecular dynamics(MD)simulations for all atoms,and immune *** MEV comprises 534 amino acids,featuring 6 cytotoxic T lymphocyte,8 helper T lymphocyte,and 7 linear B lymphocyte epitopes,demonstrating high antigenicity and ***,molecular docking studies and triplicate MD simulations revealed enhanced interactions and stability of MEV with the TLR4 complex compared to *** addition,the immune simulation indicated the capacity to effectively induce elevated levels of an-tibodies and cytokines,emphasizing the vaccine’s robust immunogenic *** study presents a promising MEV against TB,exhibiting favorable immunological and physicochemical *** findings provide theoretical support for TB vaccine *** study aligns with the global initiative of the End MTB Strategy,emphasizing its potential impact on addressing persistent challenges in TB control.
Background: Restricted Boltzmann machines (RBMs) are endowed with the universal power of modeling (binary) joint distributions. Meanwhile, as a result of their confining network structure, training RBMs confronts...
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Background: Restricted Boltzmann machines (RBMs) are endowed with the universal power of modeling (binary) joint distributions. Meanwhile, as a result of their confining network structure, training RBMs confronts less difficulties when dealing with approximation and inference issues. But little work has been developed to fully exploit the capacity of these models to analyze cancer data, e.g., cancer genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic and epigenomic data. On the other hand, in the cancer data analysis task, the number of features/predictors is usually much larger than the sample size, which is known as the '~ 〉〉 N" problem and is also ubiquitous in other bioinformatics and computational biology fields. The "p 〉〉 N" problem puts the bias-variance trade-off in a more crucial place when designing statistical learning methods. However, to date, few RBM models have been particularly designed to address this issue. Methods: We propose a novel RBMs model, called elastic restricted Boltzmann machines (eRBMs), which incorporates the elastic regularization term into the likelihood function, to balance the model complexity and sensitivity. Facilitated by the classic contrastive divergence (CD) algorithm, we develop the elastic contrastive divergence (eCD) algorithm which can train eRBMs efficiently. Results: We obtain several theoretical results on the rationality and properties of our model. We further evaluate the power of our model based on a challenging task -- predicting dichotomized survival time using the molecular profiling of tumors. The test results show that the prediction performance of eRBMs is much superior to that of the state-of-the-art methods. Conclusions: The proposed eRBMs are capable of dealing with the "p 〉〉 N" problems and have superior modeling performance over traditional methods. Our novel model is a promising method for future cancer data analysis.
Contemporary DNA sequencing technologies are continuously increasing throughput at ever decreasing costs. Moreover, due to recent advances in sequencing technology new platforms are emerging. As such computational cha...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781467368001
Contemporary DNA sequencing technologies are continuously increasing throughput at ever decreasing costs. Moreover, due to recent advances in sequencing technology new platforms are emerging. As such computational challenges persist. The average read length possible has taken a giant leap forward with the PacBio and Nanopore solutions. Regardless of the platform used, impurities within the DNA preparation of the sample - be it from unintentional contaminants or pervasive symbiots - remains an issue. We have developed a new tool, HAsh-MaP-ERadicator (HAMPER), for the detection and removal of non-target, contaminating DNA sequences. Integrating hash-based and mapping-based strategies, HAMPER is both memory and time efficient while maintaining a high level of sensitivity. Moreover, HAMPER was designed for flexibility: reads of any size can be efficiently examined and the user can set parameters specific for the analysis of reads produced by a particular sequencer. To evaluate our method, mock sequencing runs were generated including various contaminating species and with variable rates of mutation revealing a high level of sensitivity and specificity. Reads that are not of interest can quickly be removed using HAMPER thus improving downstream analyses.
The biological activity of molecules is usually measured in assays to establish the level of inhibition of signal transduction or metabolic pathways. Drug discovery involves the use of Quantitative Structure Activity ...
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