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Estimates, trends, and drivers of the global burden of type 2 diabetes attributable to PM_2·5 air pollution, 1990–2019: an analysis of data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

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The Lancet Planetary Health 2022年第7期6卷 e586-e600页

作者： Burkart, Katrin Causey, Kate Cohen, Aaron J Wozniak, Sarah S Salvi, Devashri Digvijay Abbafati, Cristiana Adekanmbi, Victor Adsuar, Jose C Ahmadi, Keivan Alahdab, Fares Al-Aly, Ziyad Alipour, Vahid Alvis-Guzman, Nelson Amegah, Adeladza Kofi Andrei, Catalina Liliana Andrei, Tudorel Ansari, Fereshteh Arabloo, Jalal Aremu, Olatunde Aripov, Timur Babaee, Ebrahim Banach, MacIej Barnett, Anthony Bärnighausen, Till Winfried Bedi, Neeraj Behzadifar, Masoud Béjot, Yannick Bennett, Derrick A Bensenor, Isabela M Bernstein, Robert S Bhattacharyya, Krittika Bijani, Ali Biondi, Antonio Bohlouli, Somayeh Breitner, Susanne Brenner, Hermann Butt, Zahid A Cámera, Luis Alberto Cantu-Brito, Carlos Carvalho, Felix Cerin, Ester Chattu, Vijay Kumar Chauhan, Bal Govind Choi, Jee-Young Jasmine Chu, Dinh-Toi Dai, Xiaochen Dandona, Lalit Dandona, Rakhi Daryani, Ahmad Davletov, Kairat De Courten, Barbora Demeke, Feleke Mekonnen Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda Dhimal, Meghnath Diaz, Daniel Djalalinia, Shirin Duncan, Bruce B El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa Eskandarieh, Sharareh Fareed, Mohammad Farzadfar, Farshad Fattahi, Nazir Fazlzadeh, Mehdi Fernandes, Eduarda Filip, Irina Fischer, Florian Foigt, Nataliya A Freitas, Marisa Ghashghaee, Ahmad Gill, Paramjit Singh Ginawi, Ibrahim Abdelmageed Gopalani, Sameer Vali Guo, Yuming Gupta, Rajat Das Habtewold, Tesfa Dejenie Hamadeh, Randah R Hamidi, Samer Hankey, Graeme J Hasanpoor, Edris Hassen, Hamid Yimam Hay, Simon I Heibati, Behzad Hole, Michael K Hossain, Naznin Househ, Mowafa Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi Jaafari, Jalil Jakovljevic, Mihajlo Jha, Ravi Prakash Jonas, Jost B Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy Kasaeian, Amir Kaydi, Neda Khader, Yousef Saleh Khafaie, Morteza Abdullatif Khan, Ejaz Ahmad Khan, Junaid Khan, Md Nuruzzaman Khatab, Khaled Khater, Amir M Kim, Yun Jin Kimokoti, Ruth W Kisa, Adnan Kivimäki, Mika Knibbs, Luke D Kosen, Soewarta Koul, Parvaiz A Koyanagi, Ai Defo, Barthelemy Kuate Kugbey, Nuworza Lauriola, Paolo Lee, Paul H Leili, Mostafa Lewycka, Sonia Li, Shanshan Lim, Lee-Ling Li Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Health Metrics Sciences School of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery University of Washington Seattle WA United States Research Insights and Innovation Seattle WA United States Health Effects Institute Boston MA United States School of Public Health Boston University Boston MA United States Department of Juridical and Economic Studies La Sapienza University Rome Italy Department of Population Medicine Cardiff University Cardiff United Kingdom Sport Science Department University of Extremadura Badajoz Spain School of Public Health Imperial College London London United Kingdom Department of Primary Care and Public Health Imperial College London London United Kingdom Mayo Evidence-based Practice Center Mayo Clinic Foundation for Medical Education and Research Rochester MN United States John T. Milliken Department of Internal Medicine Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis MO United States Clinical Epidemiology Center US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) St Louis MO United States Health Management and Economics Research Center Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Health Economics Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Pars Advanced and Minimally Invasive Medical Manners Research Center Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Community and Family Medicine Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Research Group in Hospital Management and Health Policies Universidad de la Costa (University of the Coast) Barranquilla Colombia Research Group in Health Economics University of Cartagena Cartagena Colombia Department of Biomedical Science University of Cape Coast Cape Coast Ghana Cardiology Department Ca

Background: Experimental and epidemiological studies indicate an association between exposure to particulate matter (PM) air pollution and increased risk of type 2 diabetes. In view of the high and increasing prevalence of diabetes, we aimed to quantify the burden of type 2 diabetes attributable to PM_2·5 originating from ambient and household air pollution. Methods: We systematically compiled all relevant cohort and case-control studies assessing the effect of exposure to household and ambient fine particulate matter (PM_2·5) air pollution on type 2 diabetes incidence and mortality. We derived an exposure–response curve from the extracted relative risk estimates using the MR-BRT (meta-regression—Bayesian, regularised, trimmed) tool. The estimated curve was linked to ambient and household PM_2·5 exposures from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019, and estimates of the attributable burden (population attributable fractions and rates per 100 000 population of deaths and disability-adjusted life-years) for 204 countries from 1990 to 2019 were calculated. We also assessed the role of changes in exposure, population size, age, and type 2 diabetes incidence in the observed trend in PM_2·5-attributable type 2 diabetes burden. All estimates are presented with 95% uncertainty intervals. Findings: In 2019, approximately a fifth of the global burden of type 2 diabetes was attributable to PM_2·5 exposure, with an estimated 3·78 (95% uncertainty interval 2·68–4·83) deaths per 100 000 population and 167 (117–223) disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) per 100 000 population. Approximately 13·4% (9·49–17·5) of deaths and 13·6% (9·73–17·9) of DALYs due to type 2 diabetes were contributed by ambient PM2·5, and 6·50% (4·22–9·53) of deaths and 5·92% (3·81–8·64) of DALYs by household air pollution. High burdens, in terms of numbers as well as rates, were estimated in Asia, sub-Saharan Africa, and South Am

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Iran in transition (vol 393, pg 1984, 2019)

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LANCET 2019年第10186期393卷 2124-2124页

作者： Danaei, G. Farzadfar, F. Kelishadi, R. [a]Department of Global Health and Population and Department of Epidemiology Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health Boston MA USA Department of Global Health and Population and Department of Epidemiology Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health Boston MA USA [b]Scientific Association for Public Health in Iran Boston MA USA Scientific Association for Public Health in Iran Boston MA USA [c]Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran [d]Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran [e]Diabetes Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Diabetes Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran [f]Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute Department of Health Management and Economics Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute Department of Health Management and Economics Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran [g]Department of Global Health and Public Policy Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Global Health and Public Policy Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran [h]Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran [i]School of Public Health Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran School of Public Health Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran [j]Faculty of Medicine Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Faculty of Medicine Te

Summary Being the second-largest country in the Middle East, Iran has a long history of civilisation during which several dynasties have been overthrown and established and health-related structures have been reorganised. Iran has had the replacement of traditional practices with modern medical treatments, emergence of multiple pioneer scientists and physicians with great contributions to the advancement of science, environmental and ecological changes in addition to large-scale natural disasters, epidemics of multiple communicable diseases, and the shift towards non-communicable diseases in recent decades. Given the lessons learnt from political instabilities in the past centuries and the approaches undertaken to overcome health challenges at the time, Iran has emerged as it is today. Iran is now a country with a population exceeding 80 million, mainly inhabiting urban regions, and has an increasing burden of non-communicable diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, diabetes, malignancies, mental disorders, substance abuse, and road injuries.

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Sulfite Pretreatment to Overcome Recalcitrance of Lignocellulose for Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Oil Palm trunk

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Energy Procedia 2017年 138卷 1122-1127页

作者： Pongsak Noparat Poonsuk Prasertsan Sompong O-Thong Xuejun Pan Program in Environmental Science Faculty of Science and Technology Suratthani Ratjabhat University Suratthani 84100 Thailand Renewable Energy and Environment Research for Local Community Unit (REERCU) Suratthani Ratjabhat University Suratthani 84100 Thailand Department of Industrial Biotechnology Faculty of Agro-Industry Prince of Songkla University Songkhla 90112 Thailand Palm Oil Products and Technology Research Center (POPTEC) Faculty of Agro-Industry Prince of Songkla University Songkhla 90112 Thailand Biotechnology Program Department of Biology Faculty of Science Thaksin University Phatthalung 93210 Thailand Research Center in Energy and Environment Faculty of Science Thaksin University Phatthalung 93210 Thailand Biological Systems Engineering University of Wisconsin 460 Henry Mall Madison WI 53706 United States

Oil palm trunk (OPT) an abundant agriculture waste was evaluated as an alternative lignocellulosic biomass resource for bioethanol production. Sulfite-based SPORL pretreatment (Sulfite Pretreatment to Overcome Recalcitrance of Lignocellulose) was applied to the OPT to enhance its enzymatic saccharification. The pretreatment conditions were optimized through a designed experiment within the ranges of temperature 170–190ºC, time for 30 min, 2–6% sulfite, and initial H 2 SO 4 concentrations 3–7% (w/w). The overall saccharides (hexoses and pentoses) recovery of SPORL pretreated was 62.5%. SPORL pretreatment removed 38.8% lignin from the OPT as lignosulfonate in the liquor with great potential for co-product development, and 93.9% xylose was dissolved, which were the main reasons why the SPORL pretreatment could enhance the enzymatic hydrolysis of the OPT. The results indicated that over 92% of the cellulose in the pretreated OPT with 7% H 2 SO 4 and 6% Na 2 SO 3 at 190ºC was enzymatically hydrolyzed to glucose within 48 h with a cellulase loading of 15 FPU/g cellulose, and overall glucose yield was 66%.

关键词： Oil palm trunk SPORL lignocellulose bioethanol enzymatic hydrolysis

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Fungal diversity notes 1036-1150:taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions on genera and species of fungal taxa

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Fungal Diversity 2019年第3期96卷 1-242页

作者： Kevin D.Hyde Danushka S.Tennakoon Rajesh Jeewon DJayarama Bhat Sajeewa S.N.Maharachchikumbura Walter Rossi Marco Leonardi Hyang Burm Lee Hye Yeon Mun Jos Houbraken Thuong T.T.Nguyen Sun Jeong Jeon Jens Christian Frisvad Dhanushka N.Wanasinghe Robert Lucking Andre Aptroot Marcela E.S.Caceres Samantha C.Karunarathna Sinang Hongsanan Rungtiwa Phookamsak Nimali Ide Silva Kasun M.Thambugala Ruvishika S.Jayawardena Indunil C.Senanayake Saranyaphat Boonmee Jie Chen Zong-Long Luo Chayanard Phukhamsakda Olinto L.Pereira Vanessa P.Abreu Andre Wilson Campos Rosado Buyck Bart Emile Randrianjohany Vale rie Hofstetter Tatiana B.Gibertoni Adriene Mayrada Silva Soares Helio Longoni Plautz Jr Helen Maria Pontes Sotao William Kalhy Silva Xavier Jadson Diogo Pereira Bezerra Thays Gabrielle Linsde Oliveira Cristina Mariade Souza-Motta Oliane Maria Correia Magalhaes Digvijayini Bundhun Dulanjalee Harishchandra Ishara S.Manawasinghe Wei Dong Sheng-Nan Zhang Dan-Feng Bao Milan C.Samarakoon Dhandevi Pem Anuruddha Karunarathna Chuan-Gen Lin Jing Yang Rekhani H.Perera Vinit Kumar Shi-Ke Huang Monika C.Dayarathne Anusha H.Ekanayaka Subashini C.Jayasiri Yuanpin Xiao Sirinapa Konta Tuula Niskanen Kare Liimatainen Yu-Cheng Dai Xiao-Hong Ji Xue-Mei Tian Armin Mesic Sanjay K.Singh Kunthida Phutthacharoen Lei Cai Touny Sorvongxay Vinodhini Thiyagaraja Chada Norphanphoun Napalai Chaiwan Yong-Zhong Lu Hong-Bo Jiang Jin-Feng Zhang Pranami D.Abeywickrama Janith V.S.Aluthmuhandiram Rashika S.Brahmanage Ming Zeng Thilini Chethana Deping Wei Martina Reblova Jacques Fournier Jana Nekvindova Renan do Nascimento Barbosa Jose Ewerton Felintodos Santos Neiva Tintide Oliveira Guo-Jie Li Damien Ertz Qiu-Ju Shang Alan J.L.Phillips Chang-Hsin Kuo Erio Camporesi Timur S.Bulgakov Saisamorn Lumyong E.B.Gareth Jones Putarak Chomnunti Eleni Gentekaki Frank Bungartz Xiang-Yu Zeng Sally Fryar Zdenko Tkalcec Junmin Liang Guangshuo Li Ting-Chi Wen Paras Nath Singh Yusufjon Gafforov Itthayakorn Promputtha Erandi Yasanthika Ishani D.Goonasekara Rui-Lin Zhao Qi Zhao Paul M Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of ScienceKunming 650201YunnanPeople’s Republic of China School of Science Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand Center of Excellence in Fungal Research Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand East and Central Asia Regional Office World Agroforestry Centre(ICRAF)Kunming 650201YunnanPeople’s Republic of China Department of Biology Faculty of ScienceChiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai 50200Thailand Mushroom Research Foundation 128 M.3 Ban Pa Deng T.Pa PaeA.Mae TaengChiang Mai 50150Thailand Department of Plant Medicine National Chiayi University300 Syuefu RoadChiayi City 60004TaiwanPeople’s Republic of China Department of Health Sciences Faculty of ScienceUniversity of MauritiusReduitMauritius Formerly Department of Botany Goa UniversityGoaIndia No.128/1-J Azad Housing SocietyCurcaGoa Velha 403108India Department of Crop Sciences College of Agricultural and Marine SciencesSultan Qaboos UniversityPO Box 8123 Al KhoudOman Sect.Environmental Sciences Dept.MeSVAUniversity of L’Aquila67100 CoppitoAQItaly Division of Food Technology Biotechnology&AgrochemistryCollege of Agriculture&Life SciencesChonnam National UniversityGwangju 61186Korea Fungal Resources Research Division NNIBRSangju-si 37242Korea Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute Uppsalalaan 83584 CT UtrechtThe Netherlands Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine DTUBioengineeringTechnical University of Denmark2800 Kongens LyngbyDenmark Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin Freie Universitat BerlinKonigin-Luise-StraßBe 6-814195 BerlinGermany Laboratorio de Botanica/Liquenologia Instituto de BiocienciasUniversidade Federal de Mato Grosso do SulAvenida Costa e Silva s/nBairro UniversitarioCampo GrandeMatto Grosso do Sul CEP 79070-900Brazil Departamento de Biociencias Universidade Federal de SergipeItabaianaSergipe CEP:49500-000Brazil Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial

This article is the tenth series of the Fungal Diversity Notes,where 114 taxa distributed in three phyla,ten classes,30 orders and 53 families are described and *** described in the present study include one new family(*** in Dothideomycetes),five new genera(Caatingomyces,Cryptoschizotrema,Neoacladium,Paramassaria and Trochilispora)and 71 new species,(*** thailandica,Amniculicola aquatica,***,Angustimassarina sylvatica,Blackwellomyces lateris,Boubovia gelatinosa,Buellia viridula,Caatingomyces brasiliensis,Calophoma humuli,Camarosporidiella mori,Canalisporium dehongense,Cantharellus brunneopallidus,***,Castanediella meliponae,Coprinopsis psammophila,Cordyceps succavus,Cortinarius minusculus,***,Diaporthe italiana,***,Diatrypella delonicis,Dictyocheirospora aquadulcis,***,Digitodesmium chiangmaiense,Distoseptispora dehongensis,***,Dothiorella styphnolobii,Ellisembia aurea,Falciformispora aquatic,Fomitiporia carpinea,***,Grammothele aurantiaca,***,Hermatomyces bauhiniae,Jahnula queenslandica,Kamalomyces mangrovei,Lecidella yunnanensis,Micarea squamulosa,Muriphaeosphaeria angustifoliae,Neoacladium indicum,Neodidymelliopsis sambuci,Neosetophoma miscanthi,***,Nodulosphaeria aquilegiae,***,Paramassaria samaneae,Penicillium circulare,***,***-pumilae,***,***,Phaeoisaria siamensis,Phaeopoacea asparagicola,Phaeosphaeria penniseti,Plectocarpon galapagoense,Porina sorediata,Pseudoberkleasmium chiangmaiense,Pyrenochaetopsis sinensis,Rhizophydium koreanum,Russula prasina,Sporoschisma chiangraiense,Stigmatomyces chamaemyiae,***,***,***,***,Thysanorea uniseptata,Torula breviconidiophora,***,Trochilispora schefflerae and Vaginatispora palmae).Further,twelve new combinations(*** cryptotrema,Prolixandromyces australi,***,***,***,P.

关键词： 71 new taxa Ascomycota Basidiomycota Dothideomycetes Eurotiomycetes Lecanoromycetes Leotiomycetes Pezizomycetes Phylogeny Taxonomy

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Hearing loss prevalence and years lived with disability, 1990-2019: Findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

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The Lancet 2021年第10278期397卷 996-1009页

作者： Haile, Lydia M. Kamenov, Kaloyan Briant, Paul Svitil Orji, Aislyn U. Steinmetz, Jaimie D. Abdoli, Amir Abdollahi, Mohammad Abu-Gharbieh, Eman Afshin, Ashkan Ahmed, Haroon Rashid, Tarik Ahmed Akalu, Yonas Alahdab, Fares Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour Alanzi, Turki M. Al Hamad, Hanadi Ali, Liaqat Alipour, Vahid Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M. Amu, Hubert Arabloo, Jalal Arab-Zozani, Morteza Arulappan, Judie Ashbaugh, Charlie Atnafu, Desta Debalkie Babar, Zaheer-Ud-Din Baig, Atif Amin Banik, Palash Chandra Bärnighausen, Till Winfried Barrow, Amadou Bender, Rose G. Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth Bhardwaj, Nikha Bhardwaj, Pankaj Bibi, Sadia Bijani, Ali Burkart, Katrin Cederroth, Christopher R. Charan, Jaykaran Choudhari, Sonali Gajanan Chu, Dinh-Toi Couto, Rosa A.S. Dagnew, Amare Belachew Dagnew, Baye Dahlawi, Saad M.A. Dai, Xiaochen Dandona, Lalit Dandona, Rakhi Desalew, Assefa Dhamnetiya, Deepak Dhimal, Mandira Lamichhane Dhimal, Meghnath Doyle, Kerrie E. Duncan, Bruce B. Ekholuenetale, Michael Filip, Irina Fischer, Florian Franklin, Richard Charles Gaidhane, Abhay Motiramji Gaidhane, Shilpa Gallus, Silvano Ghamari, Farhad Ghashghaee, Ahmad Ghozali, Ghozali Gilani, Syed Amir Glǎvan, Ionela-Roxana Golechha, Mahaveer Goulart, Barbara Niegia Garcia Gupta, Veer Bala Gupta, Vivek Kumar Hamidi, Samer Hammond, Billy Randall Hay, Simon I. Hayat, Khezar Heidari, Golnaz Hoffman, Howard J. Hopf, Kathleen Pillsbury Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi Househ, Mowafa Hussain, Rabia Hwang, Bing-Fang Iavicoli, Ivo Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Iwagami, Masao Jacob, Louis Jayapal, Sathish Kumar Jha, Ravi Prakash Jonas, Jost B. Kalhor, Rohollah Al-Salihi, Nawzad Kameran Kandel, Himal Kasa, Ayele Semachew Kayode, Gbenga A. Khalilov, Rovshan Khan, Ejaz Ahmad Khatib, Mahalaqua Nazli Kosen, Soewarta Koyanagi, Ai Kumar, G. Anil Landires, Ivan Lasrado, Savita Lim, Stephen S. Liu, Xuefeng Lobo, Stany W. Lugo, Alessandra Makki, Alaa Mendoza, Walter Mersha, Amanual Getnet Mihretie, Kebadnew Mulatu Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Noncommunicable Diseases World Health Organization (WHO) Geneva Switzerland Department of Parasitology and Mycology Jahrom University of Medical Sciences Jahrom Iran The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS) Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran School of Pharmacy Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Clinical Sciences Department University of Sharjah Sharjah United Arab Emirates Department of Health Metrics Sciences School of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Biosciences COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Islamabad Pakistan Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of Kurdistan Hewler Erbil Iraq Department of Medical Physiology University of Gondar Gondar Ethiopia Mayo Evidence-based Practice Center Mayo Clinic Foundation for Medical Education and Research Rochester MN United States Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University Dammam Saudi Arabia Health Information Management and Technology Department Dammam Saudi Arabia Geriatric and Long Term Care Department Hamad Medical Corporation Doha Qatar Rumailah Hospital Hamad Medical Corporation Doha Qatar Department of Biological Sciences National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS) Rawalpindi Pakistan Health Management and Economics Research Center Tehran Iran Department of Community Medicine King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia Department of Population and Behavioural Sciences University of Health and Allied Sciences Ho Ghana Social Determinants of Health Research Center Birjand University of Medical Sciences Birjand Iran Department of Maternal and Child Health Sultan Qaboos University Muscat Oman Department of Health System and Health Economics Bahir Dar University Bahir Dar Ethiopia Department of Pharmacy University of Huddersfield Huddersfield United Kingdom Unit of Biochemistry Universiti

Background: Hearing loss affects access to spoken language, which can affect cognition and development, and can negatively affect social wellbeing. We present updated estimates from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study on the prevalence of hearing loss in 2019, as well as the condition's associated disability. Methods: We did systematic reviews of population-representative surveys on hearing loss prevalence from 1990 to 2019. We fitted nested meta-regression models for severity-specific prevalence, accounting for hearing aid coverage, cause, and the presence of tinnitus. We also forecasted the prevalence of hearing loss until 2050. Findings: An estimated 1·57 billion (95% uncertainty interval 1·51–1·64) people globally had hearing loss in 2019, accounting for one in five people (20·3% [19·5–21·1]). Of these, 403·3 million (357·3–449·5) people had hearing loss that was moderate or higher in severity after adjusting for hearing aid use, and 430·4 million (381·7–479·6) without adjustment. The largest number of people with moderate-to-complete hearing loss resided in the Western Pacific region (127·1 million people [112·3–142·6]). Of all people with a hearing impairment, 62·1% (60·2–63·9) were older than 50 years. The Healthcare Access and Quality (HAQ) Index explained 65·8% of the variation in national age-standardised rates of years lived with disability, because countries with a low HAQ Index had higher rates of years lived with disability. By 2050, a projected 2·45 billion (2·35–2·56) people will have hearing loss, a 56·1% (47·3–65·2) increase from 2019, despite stable age-standardised prevalence. Interpretation: As populations age, the number of people with hearing loss will increase. Interventions such as childhood screening, hearing aids, effective management of otitis media and meningitis, and cochlear implants have the potential to ameliorate this burden. Because the burden of moderate-to-complete hearing loss is concentrated in countries with low health-ca

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Geographic and age variations in mutational processes in colorectal cancer

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Nature 2025年 1-11页

作者： Marcos Díaz-Gay Mariya Kazachkova Ammal Abbasi Christopher D. Steele Raviteja Vangara Erik N. Bergstrom Azhar Khandekar Burçak Otlu Ludmil B. Alexandrov Wellington dos Santos Sergey Senkin Behnoush Abedi-Ardekani Ana Carolina de Carvalho Thomas Cattiaux Ricardo Cortez Cardoso Penha Valérie Gaborieau Priscilia Chopard Sandra Perdomo Paul Brennan Sarah Moody Jingwei Wang Stephen Fitzgerald Saamin Cheema Calli Latimer Jon W. Teague Laura Humphreys Michael R. Stratton Christine Carreira Anush Mukeriya David Zaridze Riley Cox Monique Albert Larry Phouthavongsy Steven Gallinger Reza Malekzadeh Ahmadreza Niavarani Marko Miladinov Katarina Erić Sasa Milosavljevic Suleeporn Sangrajrang Maria Paula Curado Samuel Aguiar Rui Manuel Reis Monise Tadin Reis Luis Gustavo Romagnolo Denise Peixoto Guimarães Ivana Holcatova Jaroslav Kalvach Carlos Alberto Vaccaro Tamara Alejandra Piñero Beata Świątkowska Jolanta Lissowska Katarzyna Roszkowska-Purska Antonio Huertas-Salgado Tatsuhiro Shibata Satoshi Shiba Surasak Sangkhathat Taned Chitapanarux Gholamreza Roshandel Patricia Ashton-Prolla Daniel C. Damin Francine Hehn de Oliveira Trevor D. Lawley Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine University of California San Diego La Jolla CA USA Department of Bioengineering University of California San Diego La Jolla CA USA Moores Cancer Center University of California San Diego La Jolla CA USA Digital Genomics Group Structural Biology Program Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO) Madrid Spain Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program University of California San Diego La Jolla CA USA Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics National Cancer Institute Bethesda MD USA Department of Health Informatics Graduate School of Informatics Middle East Technical University Ankara Turkey Sanford Stem Cell Institute University of California San Diego La Jolla CA USA Genomic Epidemiology Branch International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO) Lyon France Cancer Ageing and Somatic Mutation Wellcome Sanger Institute Cambridge UK Evidence Synthesis and Classification Branch International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO) Lyon France Clinical Epidemiology N. N. Blokhin National Medical Research Centre of Oncology Moscow Russia Ontario Tumour Bank Ontario Institute for Cancer Research Toronto Ontario Canada Centre for Biodiversity Genomics University of Guelph Guelph Ontario Canada Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute Sinai Health System Toronto Ontario Canada Digestive Oncology Research Center Digestive Disease Research Institute Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Clinic for Digestive Surgery—First Surgical Clinic University Clinical Centre of Serbia Belgrade Serbia Department of Pathology University Clinical Centre of Serbia Belgrade Serbia International Organization for Cancer Prevention and Research Belgrade Serbia National Cancer Institute Bangkok Thailand Department of Epidemiology A. C. Camargo Cancer Center Sao Paulo Brazil Colon Cancer Reference Center A. C. Camargo Cancer Center Sao Paulo Brazil Molecular Oncology Research Center Barretos Cancer Hospital

Incidence rates of colorectal cancer vary geographically and have changed over time1. Notably, in the past two decades, the incidence of early-onset colorectal cancer, which affects individuals below 50 years of age, has doubled in many countries2,3,4,5. The reasons for this increase are unknown. Here we investigate whether mutational processes contribute to geographic and age-related differences by examining 981 colorectal cancer genomes from 11 countries. No major differences were found in microsatellite-unstable cancers, but variations in mutation burden and signatures were observed in the 802 microsatellite-stable cases. Multiple signatures, most with unknown aetiologies, exhibited varying prevalence in Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Russia and Thailand, indicating geographically diverse levels of mutagenic exposure. Signatures SBS88 and ID18, caused by the bacteria-produced mutagen colibactin6,7, had higher mutation loads in countries with higher colorectal cancer incidence rates. SBS88 and ID18 were also enriched in early-onset colorectal cancers, being 3.3 times more common in individuals who were diagnosed before 40 years of age than in those over 70 years of age, and were imprinted early during colorectal cancer development. Colibactin exposure was further linked toAPCdriver mutations, with ID18 being responsible for about 25% ofAPCdriver indels in colibactin-positive cases. This study reveals geographic and age-related variations in colorectal cancer mutational processes, and suggests that mutagenic exposure to colibactin-producing bacteria in early life may contribute to the increasing incidence of early-onset colorectal cancer.

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Development of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) for biological nitrogen removal in domestic wastewater treatment (Case study: Surabaya City, Indonesia)

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2017年第1期1903卷

作者： I. Made Wahyu Wijaya Eddy Setiadi Soedjono Nurina Fitriani 1Department of Environmental Engineering Faculty of Civil Engineering and Planning Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Surabaya Indonesia 2Study Program of Environmental Science and Technology Department of Biology Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Airlangga Surabaya Indonesia

Domestic wastewater effluent is the main contributor to diverse water pollution problems. The contaminants contained in the wastewater lead the low quality of water. The presence of ammonium and nitrate along with phosphorus are potentially cause eutrophication and endanger aquatic life. Excess nutrients, mostly N and P is the main cause of eutrophication which is result in oxygen depletion, biodiversity reduction, fish kills, odor and increased toxicity. Most of the domestic wastewater in Surabaya City still contains nitrogen that exceeded the threshold. The range of ammonium and orthophosphate concentration in the domestic wastewater is between 6.29 mg/L – 38.91 mg/L and 0.44 mg/L – 1.86 mg/L, respectively. An advance biological nitrogen removal process called anammox is a sustainable and cost effective alternative to the basic method of nitrogen removal, such as nitrification and denitrification. Many research have been conducted through anammox and resulted promisingly way to remove nitrogen. In this process, ammonium will be oxidized with nitrite as an electron acceptor to produce nitrogen gas and low nitrate in anoxic condition. Anammox requires less oxygen demand, no needs external carbon source, and low operational cost. Based on its advantages, anammox is possible to apply in domestic wastewater treatment in Surabaya with many further studies.

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Flare gas recovery as one of the clean development mechanism (CDM) practices

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IOP Conference Series: Earth and environmental science 2018年第1期200卷

作者： M S Sari Hadiyanto F Muhammad Master Program of Environmental Science School of Postgraduate Studies Diponegoro University Jl. Imam Bardjo S.H No. 5 Pleburan Semarang 50241 Indonesia Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Diponegoro University Jl. H. Prof. Soedarto SH. Tembalang Semarang 50275 Indonesia Department of Biology Faculty of Engineering Diponegoro University Jl. H. Prof. Soedarto SH. Tembalang Semarang 50275 Indonesia

Global warming has become an important issue over the last few decades. One of the causes is the presence of Greenhouse Gases (GHG) which is emitted by human activities. Oil and gas production (drilling, work over, and refinery) for energy consume will be followed by the associated gas. The associated gas will be flared due to safety and non-economic reasons. The objectives of this study are reviewing the environmental impact and utilize technologies from flaring gas. The impact of flaring gas can lead to a decrease in human health, increased GHG, changing the plant metabolism, and decrease the production of agricultural crops. Due to these, there are some technologies to reduce flaring such as: reinjection (EOR activities), PNG, LPG, LNG, CNG, NGH, GTE, and GTL. The flare gas recovery is expected to obtain the lower value of GHG in the air and as one of the clean development mechanism (CDM) practices with a rethink, reuse, reduce, recovery, and recycle principle.

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Mapping geographical inequalities in childhood diarrhoeal morbidity and mortality in low-income and middle-income countries, 2000-17: analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 (vol 395, pg 1779, 2020)

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LANCET 2020年第10239期395卷 1762-1762页

作者： Reiner, R. C., Jr. Hay, S., I Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Global Health School of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Health Metrics Sciences School of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States College of Health and Medical Sciences Haramaya University Harar Ethiopia Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Haramaya University Harar Ethiopia Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences Haramaya University Harar Ethiopia School of Nursing and Midwifery Haramaya University Harar Ethiopia School of Pharmacy Haramaya University Harar Ethiopia School of Public Health Haramaya University Harar Ethiopia Haramaya University Harar Ethiopia Advanced Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Cancer Biology Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Cancer Research Institute Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Economics and Management Sciences for Health Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Environmental Health Engineering Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Health Management and Economics Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Microbiology Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Pharmacology Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Digestive Diseases Research Institute Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Iran National Institute of Health Research Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Metabolomics and

Summary Background Across low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), one in ten deaths in children younger than 5 years is attributable to diarrhoea. The substantial between-country variation in both diarrhoea incidence and mortality is attributable to interventions that protect children, prevent infection, and treat disease. Identifying subnational regions with the highest burden and mapping associated risk factors can aid in reducing preventable childhood *** We used Bayesian model-based geostatistics and a geolocated dataset comprising 15 072 746 children younger than 5 years from 466 surveys in 94 LMICs, in combination with findings of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017, to estimate posterior distributions of diarrhoea prevalence, incidence, and mortality from 2000 to 2017. From these data, we estimated the burden of diarrhoea at varying subnational levels (termed units) by spatially aggregating draws, and we investigated the drivers of subnational patterns by creating aggregated risk factor *** The greatest declines in diarrhoeal mortality were seen in south and southeast Asia and South America, where 54·0% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 38·1-65·8), 17·4% (7·7-28·4), and 59·5% (34·2-86·9) of units, respectively, recorded decreases in deaths from diarrhoea greater than 10%. Although children in much of Africa remain at high risk of death due to diarrhoea, regions with the most deaths were outside Africa, with the highest mortality units located in Pakistan. Indonesia showed the greatest within-country geographical inequality; some regions had mortality rates nearly four times the average country rate. Reductions in mortality were correlated to improvements in water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) or reductions in child growth failure (CGF). Similarly, most high-risk areas had poor WASH, high CGF, or low oral rehydration therapy *** By co-analysing geospatial trends in d

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Provision of healthy toilet for low income community based on community empowerment in Kelurahan Kebonsari, Surabaya City, towards Indonesia open defecation free (ODF) in 2019

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2017年第1期1903卷

作者： Eddy Setiadi Soedjono Nurina Fitriani Adhi Yuniarto I. Made Wahyu Wijaya 1Department of Environmental Engineering Faculty of Civil Engineering and Planning Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Surabaya Indonesia 2Study Program of Environmental Science and Technology Department of Biology Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Airlangga Surabaya Indonesia

One of the causes of open defecation (OD) is low awareness of local community towards open defecation free behavior. This community does not have a healthy toilet and usually defecate in the river. This poor environment is coupled with poverty and small footprint. Therefore, the *** methods should be modified by including the finance concept in form of stimulant funds to accelerate ODF targets by using appropriate technology for land limitations. The construction of healthy toilet in Kelurahan Kebonsari, Jambangan sub-district, was conducted in RW2 which consisted of RT 6 (4 units) and RT 7 (1 unit) and 2 units in RT 2 of RW 3. Construction was initiated with focus group discussion and indepth interview to locate the proper location to be triggered. Healthy toilet construction was conducted in cooperation among self-help community, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS), and the community itself. Every month the users had to pay the toilet construction (capacity of 0.75 m3) of IDR 100,000 for 10 months. Therefore, with this healthy toilet construction, KelurahanKebonsari becomes one of ODF village in Surabaya City.

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