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arXiv 2022年

作者： März, Luisa Asgari, Ehsaneddin Braune, Fabienne Zimmermann, Franziska Roth, Benjamin Research Group Data Mining and Machine Learning Faculty of Computer Science University of Vienna Vienna Austria Faculty of Philological and Cultural Studies University of Vienna Vienna Austria AI Innovation & Pre-Development Data:Lab Volkswagen AG Munich Germany UniVie Docotoral School Computer Science Vienna Austria CAPE Analytics Mountain ViewCA United States

Weak supervision is leveraged in a wide range of domains and tasks due to its ability to create massive amounts of labeled data, requiring only little manual effort. Standard approaches use labeling functions to specify signals that are relevant for the labeling. It has been conjectured that weakly supervised models over-rely on those signals and as a result suffer from overfitting. To verify this assumption, we introduce a novel method, XPASC (eXPlainability-Association SCore), for measuring the generalization of a model trained with a weakly supervised dataset. Considering the occurrences of features, classes and labeling functions in a dataset, XPASC takes into account the relevance of each feature for the predictions (explainability) of the model as well as the connection of the feature with the class and the labeling function (association), respectively. The explainability is measured using occlusion in this work. The association in XPASC can be measured in two variants: XPASC-CHI SQUARE measures associations relative to their statistical significance, while XPASC-PPMI measures association strength more generally. We use XPASC to analyze KNOWMAN, an adversarial architecture intended to control the degree of generalization from the labeling functions and thus to mitigate the problem of overfitting. On one hand, we show that KNOWMAN is able to control the degree of generalization through a hyperparameter. On the other hand, results and qualitative analysis show that generalization and performance do not relate one-to-one, and that the highest degree of generalization does not necessarily imply the best performance. Therefore methods that allow for controlling the amount of generalization can achieve the right degree of benign overfitting. Our contributions in this study are i) the XPASC score to measure generalization in weakly-supervised models, ii) evaluation of XPASC across datasets and models and iii) the release of the XPASC implementation. © 2022, CC BY.

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Individual Fairness Through Reweighting and Tuning

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Mahamadou, Abdoul Jalil Djiberou Goetz, Lea Altman, Russ Stanford Center for Biomedical Ethics Stanford University StanfordCA94305 United States Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning GSK LondonN1C 4AG United Kingdom Department of Biomedical Data Science Stanford University StanfordCA94305 United States Department of Bioengineering Stanford University StanfordCA94305 United States Department of Genetics Stanford University StanfordCA94305 United States Department of Medicine Stanford University StanfordCA94305 United States

Inherent bias within society can be amplified and perpetuated by artificial intelligence (AI) systems. To address this issue, a wide range of solutions have been proposed to identify and mitigate bias and enforce fairness for individuals and groups. Recently, Graph Laplacian Regularizer (GLR), a regularization technique from the semi-supervised learning literature has been used as a substitute for the common Lipschitz condition to enhance individual fairness. Notable prior work has shown that enforcing individual fairness through a GLR can improve the transfer learning accuracy of AI models under covariate shifts. However, the prior work defines a GLR on the source and target data combined, implicitly assuming that the target data are available at train time, which might not hold in practice. In this work, we investigated whether defining a GLR independently on the train and target data could maintain similar accuracy. Furthermore, we introduced the Normalized Fairness Gain score (NFG) to measure individual fairness by measuring the amount of gained fairness when a GLR is used versus not. We evaluated the new and original methods under NFG, the Prediction Consistency (PC), and traditional classification metrics on the German Credit Approval dataset. The results showed that the two models achieved similar statistical mean performances over fivefold cross-validation. Furthermore, the proposed metric showed that PC scores can be misleading as the scores can be high and statistically similar to fairness-enhanced models while NFG scores are small. This work therefore provides new insights into when a GLR effectively enhances individual fairness and the pitfalls of PC. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Laplace transforms

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RBGNet: Ray-based grouping for 3D Object Detection

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Wang, Haiyang Shi, Shaoshuai Yang, Ze Fang, Rongyao Qian, Qi Li, Hongsheng Schiele, Bernt Wang, Liwei Center for Data Science Peking University China Max Planck Institute for Informatics Germany University of Toronto Canada The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong Alibaba Group China Key Laboratory of Machine Perception MOE School of Artificial Intelligence Peking University China International Center for Machine Learning Research Peking University China

As a fundamental problem in computer vision, 3D object detection is experiencing rapid growth. To extract the point-wise features from the irregularly and sparsely distributed points, previous methods usually take a feature grouping module to aggregate the point features to an object candidate. However, these methods have not yet leveraged the surface geometry of foreground objects to enhance grouping and 3D box generation. In this paper, we propose the RBGNet framework, a voting-based 3D detector for accurate 3D object detection from point clouds. In order to learn better representations of object shape to enhance cluster features for predicting 3D boxes, we propose a ray-based feature grouping module, which aggregates the point-wise features on object surfaces using a group of determined rays uniformly emitted from cluster centers. Considering the fact that foreground points are more meaningful for box estimation, we design a novel foreground biased sampling strategy in downsample process to sample more points on object surfaces and further boost the detection performance. Our model achieves state-of-the-art 3D detection performance on ScanNet V2 and SUN RGB-D with remarkable performance gains. Code will be available at https://***/Haiyang-W/RBGNet. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Object recognition

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The Alchemical Integral Transform revisited

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Krug, Simon León von Lilienfeld, O. Anatole Machine Learning Group Technische Universität Berlin Berlin10587 Germany Berlin Institute for the Foundations of Learning and Data Berlin10587 Germany Chemical Physics Theory Group Department of Chemistry University of Toronto St. George Campus TorontoON Canada Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Toronto St. George Campus TorontoON Canada Vector Institute for Artificial Intelligence TorontoON Canada Department of Physics University of Toronto St. George Campus TorontoON Canada Acceleration Consortium University of Toronto TorontoON Canada

We recently introduced the Alchemical Integral Transform (AIT) enabling the prediction of energy differences, and guessed an Ansatz to parametrize space r in some alchemical change λ. Here, we present a rigorous derivation of AIT’s kernel K and discuss the parametrization r(λ) in n dimensions, i.e. necessary conditions, mathematical freedoms and additional constraints when obtaining it. Analytical expressions for changes in energy spectra and densities are given for a number of systems. Examples include homogeneous potentials like the quantum harmonic oscillator, Hydrogen-like atom, and Dirac well, both for one- and multiparticle cases, and a multiparticle system beyond coordinate scaling for harmonic potentials. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Choquet integral

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A Review of machine learning Algorithms in Diabetes Management

A Review of Machine Learning Algorithms in Diabetes Manageme...

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Sentiment Analysis and Deep learning (ICSADL), International Conference on

作者： Unnati Gayaki Subodh Daronde Abhay Tale Aditya Barhate Department of Computer Science and Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Technology Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research Wardha Maharashtra India Department of Biomedical Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Technology Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University)) Wardha Maharashtra India Department of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science Faculty of Engineering and Technology Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research Wardha Maharashtra India Department of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Faculty of Engineering and Technology Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research Wardha Maharashtra India

ISBN: (数字)9798331523923

ISBN: (纸本)9798331523930

Diabetes is a prevalent and chronic disease affecting millions worldwide, posing significant challenges in its management and treatment. This review article aims to explore the current and potential future roles of machine learning (ML) in diabetes management, focusing on progress, applications, and challenges. It discusses various ML techniques, including support vector machines (SVM), logistic regression, decision trees, ensemble methods, and advanced deep learning approaches such as long short-term memory (LSTM) networks and convolutional neural networks (CNN). These methods have demonstrated benefits in analytics, patient monitoring, decision support systems, personalised treatment, and patient engagement. However, significant challenges persist, such as computational complexity, data quality, limited interoperability of systems, and ethical concerns regarding AI use in healthcare. The article addresses these challenges by fostering collaboration between AI implementers and health care professionals. This collaboration is essential to develop long-term, legally compliant, and solution-oriented frameworks that enhance patient care and diabetes management and pave the way for more efficient and ethical AI applications in healthcare.

关键词： Deep learning Support vector machines Ethics machine learning algorithms Reviews Neural networks Medical services Diabetes Convolutional neural networks Long short term memory

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Overcoming Rare-Language Discrimination in Multi-Lingual Sentiment Analysis

Overcoming Rare-Language Discrimination in Multi-Lingual Sen...

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IEEE International Conference on Big data

作者： Jasmin Lampert Christoph H. Lampert Competence Unit Data Science & Artificial Intelligence AIT Austrian Institute of Technology Vienna Austria Machine Learning and Computer Vision Group Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria) Klosterneuburg Austria

ISBN: (纸本)9781665445993

The digitalization of almost all aspects of our everyday lives has led to unprecedented amounts of data being freely available on the Internet. In particular social media platforms provide rich sources of user-generated data, though typically in unstructured form, and with high diversity, such as written in many different *** identifying meaningful information in such big data resources and extracting it efficiently is one of the ongoing challenges of our time. A common step for this is sentiment analysis, which forms the foundation for tasks such as opinion mining or trend prediction. Unfortunately, publicly available tools for this task are almost exclusively available for English-language texts. Consequently, a large fraction of the Internet users, who do not communicate in English, are ignored in automatized studies, a phenomenon called rare-language *** this work we propose a technique to overcome this problem by a truly multi-lingual model, which can be trained automatically without linguistic knowledge or even the ability to read the many target languages. The main step is to combine self-annotation, specifically the use of emoticons as a proxy for labels, with multi-lingual sentence *** evaluate our method we curated several large datasets from data obtained via the free Twitter streaming API. The results show that our proposed multi-lingual training is able to achieve sentiment predictions at the same quality level for rare languages as for frequent ones, and in particular clearly better than what mono-lingual training achieves on the same data. 1

关键词： Training Sentiment analysis Social networking (online) Soft sensors Blogs Predictive models Big data

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Automatic Diagnosis of Myocarditis Disease in Cardiac MRI Modality using Deep Transformers and Explainable Artificial Intelligence

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Jafari, Mahboobeh Shoeibi, Afshin Ghassemi, Navid Heras, Jonathan Ling, Sai Ho Beheshti, Amin Zhang, Yu-Dong Wang, Shui-Hua Alizadehsani, Roohallah Gorriz, Juan M. Acharya, U. Rajendra Rokny, Hamid Alinejad Internship in BioMedical Machine Learning Lab The Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering UNSW Sydney SydneyNSW2052 Australia Data Science and Computational Intelligence Institute University of Granada Spain Department of Mathematics and Computer Science University of La Rioja La Rioja Spain Australia Data Analytics Lab Department of Computing Macquarie University SydneyNSW2109 Australia School of Computing and Mathematical Sciences University of Leicester Leicester United Kingdom Deakin University VIC3217 Australia Department of Psychiatry University of Cambridge United Kingdom School of Mathematics Physics and Computing University of Southern Queensland Springfield Australia BioMedical Machine Learning Lab The Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering UNSW Sydney SydneyNSW2052 Australia UNSW Data Science Hub The University of New South Wales SydneyNSW2052 Australia Research Centre Macquarie University Sydney2109 Australia

Myocarditis is a significant cardiovascular disease (CVD) that poses a threat to the health of many individuals by causing damage to the myocardium. The occurrence of microbes and viruses, including the likes of HIV, plays a crucial role in the development of myocarditis disease (MCD). The images produced during cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI) scans are low contrast, which can make it challenging to diagnose cardiovascular diseases. In other hand, checking numerous CMRI slices for each CVD patient can be a challenging task for medical doctors. To overcome the existing challenges, researchers have suggested the use of artificial intelligence (AI)-based computer-aided diagnosis systems (CADS). The presented paper outlines a CADS for the detection of MCD from CMR images, utilizing deep learning (DL) methods. The proposed CADS consists of several steps, including dataset, preprocessing, feature extraction, classification, and post-processing. First, the Z-Alizadeh dataset was selected for the experiments. Subsequently, the CMR images underwent various preprocessing steps, including denoising, resizing, as well as data augmentation (DA) via CutMix and MixUp techniques. In the following, the most current deep pre-trained and transformer models are used for feature extraction and classification on the CMR images. The findings of our study reveal that transformer models exhibit superior performance in detecting MCD as opposed to pre-trained architectures. In terms of DL architectures, the Turbulence Neural Transformer (TNT) model exhibited impressive accuracy, reaching 99.73% utilizing a 10-fold cross-validation approach. Additionally, to pinpoint areas of suspicion for MCD in CMRI images, the Explainable-based Grad Cam method was employed. © 2022, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Diseases

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Flow-Based Sampling for Entanglement Entropy and the machine learning of Defects

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Physical Review Letters 2025年第15期134卷 151601-151601页

作者： Andrea Bulgarelli Elia Cellini Karl Jansen Stefan Kühn Alessandro Nada Shinichi Nakajima Kim A. Nicoli Marco Panero Department of Physics University of Turin and INFN Turin unit Via Pietro Giuria 1 I-10125 Turin Italy Computation-Based Science and Technology Research Center The Cyprus Institute Nicosia Cyprus Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY Zeuthen Germany Berlin Institute for the Foundations of Learning and Data (BIFOLD) Berlin Germany Machine Learning Group Technische Universität Berlin Berlin Germany RIKEN Center for AIP Tokyo Japan Transdisciplinary Research Area (TRA) Matter University of Bonn Germany Helmholtz Institute for Radiation and Nuclear Physics (HISKP) Bonn Germany Department of Physics and Helsinki Institute of Physics PL 64 FIN-00014 University of Helsinki Finland

We introduce a novel technique to numerically calculate Rényi entanglement entropies in lattice quantum field theory using generative models. We describe how flow-based approaches can be combined with the replica trick using a custom neural-network architecture around a lattice defect connecting two replicas. Numerical tests for the ϕ4 scalar field theory in two and three dimensions demonstrate that our technique outperforms state-of-the-art Monte Carlo calculations, and exhibit a promising scaling with the defect size.

关键词： Lattice theory

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Calculated state-of-the art results for solvation and ionization energies of thousands of organic molecules relevant to battery design

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Weinreich, Jan Karandashev, Konstantin Arrieta, Daniel Jose Arismendi Hermansson, Kersti Anatole von Lilienfeld, O. LausanneCH-1015 Switzerland University of Vienna Faculty of Physics Kolingasse 14-16 WienAT-1090 Austria Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory Uppsala University Box 538 Uppsala75121 Sweden Vector Institute for Artificial Intelligence TorontoONM5S 1M1 Canada Departments of Chemistry Materials Science and Engineering and Physics University of Toronto St. George Campus TorontoON Canada Machine Learning Group Technische Universität Berlin Institute for the Foundations of Learning and Data Berlin10587 Germany

We present high-quality reference data for two fundamentally important groups of molecular properties related to a compound's utility as a lithium battery electrolyte. The first one is energy changes associated with charge excitations of molecules, namely ionization potential and electron affinity. They were estimated for 7000 randomly chosen molecules with up to 9 non-hydrogen atoms C, N, O, and F (QM9 dataset) using DH-HF, DF-HF-CABS, PNO-LMP2-F12, and PNO-LCCSD(T)-F12 methods as implemented in Molpro software with aug-cc-pVTZ basis set;additionally, we provide the corresponding atomization energies at these levels of theory, as well as CPU time and disk space used during the calculations. The second one is solvation energies for 39 different solvents, which we estimate for 18361 molecules connected to battery design (Electrolyte Genome Project dataset), 309463 randomly chosen molecules with up to 17 non-hydrogen atoms C, N, O, S, and halogens (GDB17 dataset), as well as 88418 amons of ZINC database of commercially available compounds and 37772 amons of GDB17. For these calculations we used the COnductor-like Screening MOdel for Real Solvents (COSMO-RS) method;we additionally provide estimates of gas-phase atomization energies, as well as information about conformers considered during the COSMO-RS calculations, namely coordinates, energies, and dipole moments. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Solvation

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Fetal Re-Identification in Multiple Pregnancy Ultrasound Images Using Deep learning

Fetal Re-Identification in Multiple Pregnancy Ultrasound Ima...

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Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)

作者： Elisabeth Gabler Michael Nissen Thomas R. Altstidl Adriana Titzmann Kai Packhäuser Andreas Maier Peter A. Fasching Bjoern M. Eskofier Heike Leutheuser Department Artificial Intelligence in Biomedical Engineering Machine Learning and Data Analytics (MaD) Lab Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nurnberg (FAU) Erlangen Germany Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Erlangen University Hospital Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nurnberg (FAU) Erlangen Germany Department of Computer Science Pattern Recognition Lab Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nurnberg (FAU) Erlangen Germany

Ultrasound examinations during pregnancy can detect abnormal fetal development, which is a leading cause of perinatal mortality. In multiple pregnancies, the position of the fetuses may change between examinations. The individual fetus cannot be clearly identified. Fetal re-identification may improve diagnostic capabilities by tracing individual fetal changes. This work evaluates the feasibility of fetal re-identification on FETAL_PLANES_DB, a publicly available dataset of singleton pregnancy ultrasound images. Five dataset subsets with 6,491 images from 1,088 pregnant women and two re-identification frameworks (Torchreid, FastReID) are evaluated. FastReID achieves a mean average precision of 68.77% (68.42%) and mean precision at rank 10 score of 89.60% (95.55%) when trained on images showing the fetal brain (abdomen). Visualization with gradient-weighted class activation mapping shows that the classifiers appear to rely on anatomical features. We conclude that fetal re-identification in ultrasound images may be feasible. However, more work on additional datasets, including images from multiple pregnancies and several subsequent examinations, is required to ensure and investigate performance stability and *** relevance— To date, fetuses in multiple pregnancies cannot be distinguished between ultrasound examinations. This work provides the first evidence for feasibility of fetal re-identification in pregnancy ultrasound images. This may improve diagnostic capabilities in clinical practice in the future, such as longitudinal analysis of fetal changes or abnormalities.

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