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Medical Imaging 2025: Physics of Medical Imaging

作者： Cai, Ling Aggarwal, Samarth Enninful, Kweku Chen, Yunlai Komarov, Sergey Thorek, Daniel Jha, Abhinav K. Tai, Yuan-Chuan Imaging Science Doctoral Program Washington University in St. Louis St. LouisMO United States Department of Biomedical Engineering Washington University in St. Louis St. LouisMO United States Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology Washington University St. Louis United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781510685888

In this work, we discuss the design and development of an ultra-high sensitivity imaging system, Sensing Collimation Imager (SCI), dedicated to guide and optimize application of alpha particle-emitting radiopharmaceutical therapy (αRPT). Alpha particles are highly potent and unlike conventional external beam therapy can be used in metastatic settings. Currently, the lack of information of radionuclide distribution hinders estimated internal absorbed dose from αRPT, which calls for ultrasensitive SPECT technologies that can report reliable activity distribution under ultra-low count rate imaging conditions. The proposed SCI-SPECT is based on an innovative design that incorporates the geometry of both conventional pinhole collimator and coded aperture. Aimed to decouple the dependence of resolution and sensitivity, the heavy metal collimator is replaced by scintillator crystals to serve dual purposes of increasing detected events and providing spatial information. The detector module consists of an 8×8 array of crystal elements. Each crystal presents an alternating pattern of GAGG scintillator and acrylic. The depth of interaction (DOI) information is obtained through dual-ended readout system. Our experimental results are based on a working prototype SCI module that is fully functional under a broad range of energy (70 keV - more than 511 keV), which is well-suited for alpha particle emitter imaging applications. Furthermore, we modeled the system response function based on analytical derivation and validated it by comparing with Monte Carlo simulations. We carried out a preliminary imaging study of three rod sources filled with Tc99m. The image was successfully reconstructed with the derived system matrix, and the rods at different locations can be clearly resolved. We also compared the performance with Siemens Symbia Intevo scanner for high γ-ray energy imaging with Cu-64, the reconstructed image shows better resolution while potentially achieving 2 orders of magni

关键词： Alpha particles

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Enhancing Diagnostic Accuracy for Knee Osteoarthritis Using a Deep Learning Approach

Enhancing Diagnostic Accuracy for Knee Osteoarthritis Using ...

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International Symposium on Applied Science 2024, ISAS 2024

作者： Raza, Aquib Ching, Congo Tak Shing Liu, Peng-Ta Phan, Thien-Luan Tran, Ngoc-Luan Nguyen, Ha Anh T. Rameez, Mohammad Li, Hung-Chung Linh, Dao Nguyen Phuong Van Hieu, Nguyen Tran, Trung Nghia National Taiwan University Taipei City10673 Taiwan Research Center for Information Technology Academia Sinica Taipei City11529 Taiwan Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering National Chung Hsing University Taichung402 Taiwan Department of Electrical Engineering National Chi Nan University Nantou County Taiwan Advanced Plant and Food Crop Biotechnology Center National Chung Hsing University Taichung402 Taiwan International Doctoral Program in Agriculture National Chung Hsing University Taichung402 Taiwan Fall Prevention Center Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Changhua Christian Hospital Changhua500 Taiwan Department of Physics and Electronic Engineering University of Science Vietnam National University - Ho Chi Minh City Ho Chi Minh City70000 Viet Nam Department of Computer Science University of York York HeslingtonYO10 5DD United Kingdom Undergraduate Program of Intellectual Creativity Engineering National Chung Hsing University Taichung402 Taiwan Ho Chi Minh City72409 Viet Nam HCMUT Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City Thu Duc Ho Chi Minh City71308 Viet Nam

This research introduces a deep learning framework that combines convolutional neural networks with autoencoders to improve the diagnostic accuracy of knee osteoarthritis. The study utilized a publicly available dataset from the Mendeley Data repository, where knee joint images were preprocessed using Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization to enhance contrast and ensure consistent image sizing. Initially, an autoencoder was employed in an unsupervised manner to learn compressed representations of the data. These representations were then used to train a CNN to classify knee images into 'healthy' and 'osteoarthritic' categories. The model was trained using an 80:20 split for training and testing data, incorporating early stopping and data augmentation techniques to prevent overfitting and enhance generalization. Performance metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, and the area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve (ROCAUC) were used to evaluate the model, resulting in a high test accuracy of 98.95%. The high precision and recall rates further confirmed the model's robustness in diagnosing KOA. To enhance interpretability, Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping (Grad-CAM) was applied to identify critical regions in the images that influenced the model's decisions. Additionally, t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE) was used to visualize the high-dimensional encoded features in a two-dimensional space, providing deeper insights into how the model differentiates between classes. The promising results of this deep learning approach suggest its potential for broader applications in medical imaging diagnostics. By providing healthcare professionals with a tool that enhances diagnostic accuracy and operational efficiency, this framework lays the foundation for developing scalable, AI-driven diagnostic systems for various complex medical conditions. © 2025 Institute of Physics Publishing. All rights reserved.

关键词： Joints (anatomy)

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Rethinking Pharmaceutical Industry with Quality by Design: Application in Research, Development, Manufacturing, and Quality Assurance

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AAPS Journal 2025年第4期27卷 1-23页

作者： Duarte, Joana Galvão Duarte, Maria Galvão Piedade, Ana Paula Mascarenhas-Melo, Filipa Doctoral Program in Biomedical Sciences School of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences University of Porto (ICBAS-UP) Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228 Porto 4050-513 Portugal Faculty of Pharmacy University of Coimbra Azinhaga Sta. Comba Coimbra 3000-548 Portugal University of Coimbra CEMMPRE Department of Mechanical Engineering Coimbra 3030-788 Portugal Higher School of Health Polytechnic Institute of Guarda Av. Dr. Francisco Sá Carneiro 50 Guarda Guarda 6300-559 Portugal BRIDGES - Biotechnology Research Innovation and Design for Health Products Polytechnic University of Guarda Avenida Dr. Francisco Sá Carneiro N.º 50 Guarda 6300-559 Portugal

Quality by Design (QbD) is a transformative and systematic approach to developing top-tier pharmaceutical products, ushering in a departure from traditional trial-and-error methods toward a more science-based, risk-oriented, and holistic strategy. Central to QbD implementation is the meticulous development of formulations and manufacturing processes, consistently fulfilling predefined quality objectives. The core objective of QbD remains unwavering — to guarantee the steadfast alignment of the final pharmaceutical product with predetermined quality attributes, thereby mitigating batch-to-batch variations and potential recalls. This article succinctly explores the multifaceted application of QbD methodology within the pharmaceutical industry. Emphasizing its pivotal role in research and development, manufacturing, quality control, and quality assurance, the discussion navigates through the strategic deployment of QbD elements and tools. Amidst the evident advantages of QbD, challenges persist in its widespread adoption within the pharmaceutical sector and regulatory frameworks. This article sheds light on the regulatory landscape that currently governs the implementation of QbD in these crucial stages of pharmaceutical processes. For that reason, this review article aims to provide researchers, scientists, and industry professionals with a thorough introduction to QbD so they may adopt this methodical approach to developing and producing high-quality pharmaceutical products, always in compliance with the underlying regulations. © The Author(s) 2025.

关键词： pharmaceutical manufacturing pharmaceutical quality by design quality assurance quality control research and development

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Enhancing safety with an AI-empowered assessment and monitoring system for BSL-3 facilities

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Heliyon 2025年第1期11卷 e40855页

作者： Fan, Yi-Ling Hsu, Ching-Han Wu, Ju-Yu Tsai, Ying-Ying Chen, Wei J. Lee, Min-Shi Hsu, Fang-Rong Liao, Lun-De Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine National Health Research Institutes 35 Keyan Road Miaoli County Zhunan Town 350 Taiwan Department of Biomedical Engineering & Environmental Sciences National Tsing-Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan Doctoral Program in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine National Chung Hsing University Taichung Taiwan Center for Neuropsychiatric Research National Health Research Institutes 35 Keyan Road Miaoli County Zhunan Town 350 Taiwan National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology National Health Research Institutes 35 Keyan Road Miaoli County Zhunan Town 350 Taiwan Department of Information Engineering and Computer Science Feng Chia University Taichung 407 Taiwan

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has created an urgent demand for research, which has spurred the development of enhanced biosafety protocols in biosafety level (BSL)-3 laboratories to safeguard against the risks associated with handling highly contagious pathogens. Laboratory management failures can pose significant hazards. Methods: An external system captured images of personnel entering a laboratory, which were then analyzed by an AI-based system to verify their compliance with personal protective equipment (PPE) regulations, thereby introducing an additional layer of protection. A deep learning model was trained to detect the presence of essential PPE items, such as clothing, masks, hoods, double-layer gloves, shoe covers, and respirators, ensuring adherence to World Health Organization (WHO) standards. The internal laboratory management system used a deep learning model to delineate alert zones and monitor compliance with the imposed safety protocols. Results: The external detection system was trained on a dataset consisting of 4112 images divided into 15 PPE compliance classes. The model achieved an accuracy of 97.52 % and a recall of 97.03 %. The identification results were presented in real time via a visual interface and simultaneously stored on the administrator's dashboard for future reference. We trained the internal management system on 3347 images, achieving 90 % accuracy and 85 % recall. The results were transmitted in JSON format to the internal monitoring system, which triggered alerts in response to violations of safe practices or alert zones. Real-time notifications were sent to the administrators when the safety thresholds were met. Conclusion: The BSL-3 laboratory monitoring system significantly reduces the risk of exposure to pathogens for personnel during laboratory operations. By ensuring the correct use of PPE and enhancing adherence to the imposed safety protocols, this system contributes to maintaining the integrity of BSL-3 facilities

关键词： Bioengineering biomedical instrumentation biomedical laboratory safety Biosafety level-3 laboratory

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Coevolution of Myoelectric Hand Control under the Tactile Interaction among Fingers and Objects

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Cyborg and Bionic Systems 2022年第1期2022卷 285-302页

作者： Yuki Kuroda Yusuke Yamanoi Shunta Togo Yinlai Jiang Hiroshi Yokoi Joint Doctoral Program for Sustainability Research Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering The University of Electro-CommunicationsTokyoJapan Department of Mechan ical and Intelligent System Engineering Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering The University of Electro Communications TokyoJapan Center for Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering The University of Electro Communications TokyoJapan Bejing Innovation Center for Inelligent Robots and Systems BeijingChina

The usability of a prosthetic hand difers significantly from that of a real ***,the complexity of manipulation increases as the number of degrees of freedom to be controlled increases,making manipulation with biological signals extremely *** overcome this problem,users need to select a grasping posture that is adaptive to the object and a stable grasping method that prevents the object from *** previous studies,these have been left to the operating skills of the user,which is extremely difficult to *** this study,we demonstrate how stable and adaptive grasping can be achieved according to the object regardless of the user's operation *** required grasping technique is achieved by determining the correlation bet ween the motor output and each sensor through the interaction between the prosthetic hand and the surrounding stimuli,such as myoelectricity,sense of touch,and grasping *** agents of the 16 DOF robot hand were trained with the myoelectric signals of six participants,including one child with a congenital forearm ***,each agent could open and close the hand in response to the myoeletric stimuli and could accomplish the object pickup *** the tasks,the agents successfully identified grasping patterns suitable for practical and stable positioning of the *** addition,the agents were able to pick up the object in a similar posture regardless of the partiipant,suggesting that the hand was optimized by evolutionary computation to a posture that prevents the object from being dropped.

关键词： robot Objects overcome

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Evaluating Decarbonization Technologies and Optimizing Pathways in Ceramic Tile Production through Life Cycle Assessment in Latin America

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Journal of Cleaner Production 2025年

作者： Euler L. Saavedra Johann F. Osma Doctoral Program in Management of Technological Innovation School of Engineering Universidad de los Andes Cra. 1E No. 19a- 40 Bogotá 111711 Colombia Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Universidad de los Andes Bogota D.C. 111711 Colombia Department of Biomedical Engineering Universidad de los Andes Bogota D.C. 111711 Colombia

This study evaluates decarbonization technologies and optimizes pathways for the ceramic tile industry in Brazil, Colombia, and Mexico using a comprehensive Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) approach. These countries were chosen for their key roles in the Latin American ceramic tile market and diverse production contexts, providing insights into decarbonization strategies. We constructed a carbon emissions accounting model to analyze energy consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions across production processes, focusing on renewable energy sources, energy efficiency, material consumption reduction, and process optimization. In Brazil, emission intensity is forecast to decrease from 5.07 kg CO 2 eq/m 2 in 2022 to 4.07 kg CO 2 eq/m 2 by 2030 through integrating biomass, solar panels, and implementing heat recovery systems. Mexico's focus on solar and wind energy, along with process optimizations, is projected to reduce emissions from 6 kg CO 2 eq/m 2 in 2022 to 5.45 kg CO 2 eq/m 2 by 2030. However, Colombia's emissions are forecast to increase from 4.13 kg CO 2 eq/m 2 in 2022 to 4.46 kg CO 2 eq/m 2 by 2030 without additional measures. To address this, we propose scaling up renewable energy installations, adopting advanced energy management systems, and integrating more recycled materials. Our findings suggest that with sustained efforts and strategic implementation of advanced technologies, the ceramic tile industry in these countries can significantly reduce their carbon footprint, supporting their commitments under the Paris Agreement to limit global temperature rise by reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The proposed strategies mitigate environmental impacts and enhance the overall sustainability and competitiveness of the industry. This study underscores the critical role of policy support and industry innovation in achieving substantial decarbonization in the ceramic tile sector.

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12-week treadmill exercise program elicits lower energy availability without changes in serum testosterone in male rats

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Sport Sciences for Health 2018年第3期14卷 537-545页

作者： Clark, Lyra R. Dellogono, Michael J. Chenette, Erin E. Mangano, Kelsey M. Wilson, Thomas A. Biomedical Engineering and Biotechnology Doctoral Program University of Massachusetts Lowell Lowell MA United States Physical Therapy Doctoral Program Department of Physical Therapy University of Massachusetts Lowell Lowell MA United States Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences University of Massachusetts Lowell 3 Solomont Way Suite 4 Lowell 01854-5124 MA United States Institute for Aging Research Hebrew SeniorLife Harvard Medical School Affiliate Boston MA United States

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether a treadmill endurance exercise program would reduce serum testosterone and leptin in male rats and assess the impact of increased dietary cholesterol on serum hormones. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley Rats (n = 20) were randomly assigned to a control group (C) or an exercise training group (EX) that performed treadmill running 40 min/day, 6 days/week for 12 weeks. At study midpoint (week 6), rats were randomized to a high-cholesterol (HC) diet (n = 10) or remain on standard semi-purified (LC) diet (n = 10). Results: Results are presented as median [IQR]. At end of week 6, EX + LC had significantly lower body weight (508 [460–527] vs 570 [516–606] g;p = 0.01), mean daily energy intake (76.3 [74.9–82.2] vs 90.9 [86.9–94.5] kcal;p < 0.01), and serum leptin (0.4 [0.3–0.6] vs 3.3 [2.0–4.0] ng/mL;p < 0.01) in comparison to C + LC. No difference was observed between EX + LC and C + LC in serum testosterone (12.6 [6.9–18.3] vs 11.7 [7.6–18.9] ng/mL). At end of week 12, EX + LC had significantly lower body weight (514 [483–568] g) compared to C + LC (644 [575–680] g;p < 0.01) and C + HC (650 [583–702] g;p < 0.01). Serum Leptin in both EX + LC (0.6 [0.2–0.8] ng/mL) and EX + HC (0.6 [0.3–1.6] ng/mL) was significantly lower than C + LC (3.0 [2.2–4.2] ng/mL;p < 0.01). No significant difference in testosterone was observed between C + LC and C + HC (4.3 [3.3–8.3] vs 6.3 [3.2–9.3] ng/mL, respectively). Conclusions: Despite lower energy availability, exercise-induced changes in sex hormones may not occur in training programs ≤ 12 weeks. Lower voluntary energy intake observed in exercise groups despite greater energy expenditure may indicate that lower energy availability in endurance-trained individuals may be inadvertent. © 2018, Springer-Verlag Italia S.r.l., part of Springer Nature.

关键词： Cholesterol Endurance training Leptin Running Testosterone

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Limocitrin induced cellular death through ERK pathways in human oral squamous cell cancer

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Scientific Reports 2025年第1期15卷 1-10页

作者： Bharath Kumar Velmurugan Chia-Chieh Lin Min-Yun Kao Hsin-Yu Ho Yu-Sheng Lo Yi-Ching Chuang Ming-Ju Hsieh Maitocon Laboratory Tirupur 641604 India Oral Cancer Research Center Changhua Christian Hospital Changhua 50006 Taiwan Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine College of Medicine National Chung Hsing University Taichung 402202 Taiwan Doctoral Program in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine College of Medicine National Chung Hsing University Taichung 402 Taiwan Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences China Medical University Taichung 404 Taiwan

This study sought to investigate the anticancer efficacy of limocitrin on two distinct human oral cancer cell lines. At first, we evaluated the effect of limocitrin on the proliferation of OSCC cells (SCC-9 and SCC-47) using MTT and colony formation assays. Limocitrin treatment increased cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase, induced caspase-related apoptosis (cleaved caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9 and PARP expression) in OSCC cells. Limocitrin treatment inhibited Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL and induced Bax, Bak expression in both SCC-9 and SCC-47 cell lines. Limocitrin treatment inhibited cyclin E1, E2, CDK2, CDK4, and CDK6 and increased p21 expression. Limocitrin also exhibited an inhibitory effect on the phosphorylation of AKT, ERK1/2 and JNK in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, pretreatment of oral cancer cells with U0126 resulted in increased cleaved caspase-3 and caspase-8 and PARP expression. Furthermore, limocitrin treatment decreased XIAP, cIAP1, HSP27 protein expression than control group. Combined treatment with limocitrin and si-XIAP significantly increased cleaved PARP, caspase-3 and -8 expressions in SCC-9 cells. Overall, this evidence indicates that limocitrin may serve as an effective anticancer agent for the treatment of oral cancer.

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Transformative lactera-polypyrrole@carrageenan microparticles leveraging NIR for skin regeneration and stress relief

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International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 2025年

作者： Sih-Chi Chuang Shih-An Yu Pei-Chia Hung Andrew E.-Y. Chuang Jia-Wei Liang Lekshmi Rethi Chih-Kuang Chen Hsu-Wei Fang Hieu Trung Nguyen Hsien-Tsung Lu Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology National Taipei University of Technology Taipei 10608 Taiwan Doctoral Program of Biochemical and Biomedical Engineering National Taipei University of Technology Taipei 10608 Taiwan Hsuan Chen Technology CO. LTD. New Taipei City 22055 Taiwan Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering College of Biomedical Engineering Taipei Medical University New Taipei City Taiwan International Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering College of Biomedical Engineering Taipei Medical University New Taipei City Taiwan Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center Taipei Medical University-Wan Fang Hospital Taipei 11696 Taiwan Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Taoyuan Taiwan. School of Medicine Chang Gung University Taoyuan Taiwan. Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine College of Medicine Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan. Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Faculty of Medicine University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City Ho Chi Minh City 700000 Viet Nam Department of Orthopedic Taipei Medical University Hospital Taipei City 11031 Taiwan Department of Orthopedics School of Medicine College of Medicine Taipei Medical University Taipei 11031 Taiwan International Ph.D. Program in Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine College of Medicine Taipei Medical University Taipei 11031 Taiwan

Effective wound healing remains a significant challenge in regenerative medicine, particularly in minimizing inflammation and promoting scarless recovery. This study introduces a bioengineered LAC-PPy@Car MF composite, designed to leverage near-infrared (NIR)-induced photothermal therapy alongside biotherapeutics to accelerate tissue regeneration. The composite integrates the photothermal properties of polypyrrole (PPy) with the anti-inflammatory and regenerative potential of Lactera (LAC) and Carrageenan (Car). Upon NIR activation, the composite generates localized mild-hyperthermia, reducing oxidative stress, enhancing Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) activity, and upregulating heat shock proteins (HSP). These effects synergistically create a bioactive environment conducive to cellular proliferation and tissue repair. Biochemical evaluations demonstrate that LAC-PPy@Car MF effectively reduces oxidative stress, stimulates fibroblast migration, and promotes the proliferation of skin cells. Immunofluorescence staining reveals significant activation of AhR and HSP in treated tissues, correlating with accelerated cellular proliferation and improved skin architecture. The NIR-triggered photothermal effect enhances the therapeutic potential of the composite, ensuring precise and minimally invasive treatment for burn injuries. These findings position phototherapeutic LAC-PPy@Car MF as a promising candidate for advanced wound healing applications. Its dual functionality, combining photothermal therapy with bioactive healing properties, offers a transformative approach to regenerative medicine, paving the way for improved clinical outcomes in wound care.

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ROI detection of reading process using ANFIS method

ROI detection of reading process using ANFIS method

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4th biomedical engineering International Conference, BMEiCON-2011

作者： Pongpanitanont, Pongphan Sittiprapaporn, Wichian Prasertsakul, Thunyanoot Charoensuk, Warakorn Department of Biomedical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Mahidol University Nakorn Pathom Thailand Office of the Doctoral Degree Program Studies in Education Mahasarakham University Faculty of Education Nakhonsawan Rd. Talad Sub-district Muang District Mahasarakham 44000 Thailand Department of Electrical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Mahidol University Nakorn Pathom Thailand

ISBN: (纸本)9781457721908

This paper studies the application of the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). We propose the ANFIS used for region of interest (ROI) detection in brain fMRI images. The ROI is used for estimating the tissue activity by Blood-Oxygen Level Dependent technique (BOLD). The result shows the ANFIS model can be used to fit the image time-intensity data. A 3 Gaussian membership functions were proposed to estimate the time-intensity relation. The result shows the rate of time-intensity relation to determine the tissue activity. The tissue activity should be determined the normal pattern of reading process. © 2011 IEEE.

关键词： Tissue

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