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A survey on augmenting knowledge graphs (KGs) with large language models (LLMs): models, evaluation metrics, benchmarks, and challenges

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Discover Artificial Intelligence 2024年第1期4卷 76页

作者： Ibrahim, Nourhan Aboulela, Samar Ibrahim, Ahmed Kashef, Rasha Electrical Computer and Biomedical Engineering Toronto Metropolitan University TorontoON Canada Faculty of Engineering Alexandria University Alexandria Egypt Computer Science Western University LondonON Canada

Integrating Large Language Models (LLMs) with Knowledge Graphs (KGs) enhances the interpretability and performance of AI systems. This research comprehensively analyzes this integration, classifying approaches into three fundamental paradigms: KG-augmented LLMs, LLM-augmented KGs, and synergized frameworks. The evaluation examines each paradigm’s methodology, strengths, drawbacks, and practical applications in real-life scenarios. The findings highlight the substantial impact of these integrations in fundamentally improving real-time data analysis, efficient decision-making, and promoting innovation across various domains. In this paper, we also describe essential evaluation metrics and benchmarks for assessing the performance of these integrations, addressing challenges like scalability and computational overhead, and providing potential solutions. This comprehensive analysis underscores the profound impact of these integrations on improving real-time data analysis, enhancing decision-making efficiency, and fostering innovation across various domains. © The Author(s) 2024.

关键词： Knowledge graph

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Anomaly-Focused Augmentation Method for Industrial Visual Inspection

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IEEE Access 2025年 13卷 89118-89139页

作者： Melvinlara, Melvin A. Hameed, Ibrahim A. Koziorek, Jiri Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department of Cybernetics and Biomedical Engineering Ostrava70800 Czech Republic Department of Mechanical Engineering and Technology Management Ås1433 Norway

In industrial inspection, the detection of surface defects - such as scratches, dents, or other defects - is crucial for ensuring product quality. However, the limited availability of annotated images of such defects poses challenges for developing reliable detection models. This paper proposes a novel image augmentation algorithm to address this limitation by generating synthetic imperfections from a small sample set. Unlike traditional approaches that augment entire images, the proposed approach isolates defects and applies spatial transformations (e.g., rotation, shear) before blending them into background images. This allows for the creation of diverse training datasets. The algorithm employs a 2D binary map to encode the spatial relationship between defect and background regions of images and then applies an AI-driven model to generate new realistic blended images. By leveraging a generator-discriminator framework, the augmentation process is iteratively refined during training to maintain the style and texture of the original imperfections. Experimental results show that the proposed method significantly enhances the performance of defect detection models compared to existing augmentation techniques while preserving the realism of the generated images. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Photointerpretation

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Early Diagnosis of Osteoporosis: An Artificial Intelligence-Based Framework 7

Early Diagnosis of Osteoporosis: An Artificial Intelligence-...

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7th International Conference on Advances in biomedical engineering, ICABME 2023

作者： Zaylaa, Amira J. Daher, Alaa Ayache, Mohammad Omeirat, Niveen Mahmoud, Razane Hawili, Bader Abou Beirut Arab University Biomedical Engineering Laboratory Biomedical Engineering Program Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty of Engineering Lebanon

ISBN: (纸本)9798350325850

Osteoporosis is a common disease characterized by low bone density and structural deterioration of bone tissue. For a successful course of treatment and fracture avoidance, early diagnosis of this disease is essential. The aim was to provide a novel method for osteoporosis prediction using Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based framework. The purpose was to predict the likelihood of osteoporosis based on the Bone Mineral Density (BMD), along with other characteristics such as age, weight, height, gender, and Body Mass Index (BMI) extracted from medical reports and images collected from a comprehensive medical center in Lebanon. Three machine-learning algorithms were implemented and tested, Logistic Regression (LR), Support Vector Machines (SVM), and Decision Trees (DT). Variety of quantitative statistical metrics were used to evaluate the performance of our framework, upon training and testing our algorithms. The metrics that were employed to evaluate our results included accuracy, precision, sensitivity, and F-score, in addition to the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) Curve and the Area Under the Curve (AUC). Experimental Results demonstrated that both the SVM and LR algorithms achieved the highest accuracy of detection of osteoporosis as compared to existing algorithms applied in this field, with an accuracy of 89%. The sensitivity of diagnosis obtained was 98% by LR and 97% by SVM and surpassed the sensitivity obtained by DT. As such LR showed the best performance. The output of the algorithms could help medical doctors assess patients automatically. These findings demonstrated the potential of AI in osteoporosis prediction and thus prevention, highlighting the significance of early diagnosis. Thereby as a future prospect, choosing carefully the framework is crucial and additional algorithms have to be considered and tested. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Decision trees

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Towards Green AI by Reducing Training Effort of Recurrent Neural Networks Using Hyper-Parameter Optimization with Dynamic Stopping Criteria 22

Towards Green AI by Reducing Training Effort of Recurrent Ne...

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22nd IEEE International Symposium on Intelligent Systems and Informatics, SISY 2024

作者： Podgorelec, Vili Fister, Iztok Vrbancic, Grega University of Maribor Intelligent Systems Laboratory Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Slovenia

ISBN: (纸本)9798350385601

Neural networks have become a leading model in modern machine learning, able to model even the most complex data. For them to be properly trained, however, a lot of computational resources are required. With the carbon footprint of ever-growing adoption of neural networks in mind, an approach to reduce the required training resources would be very welcome. We designed a new training effort reduction method based on the calculation of area under the normalized loss curve and assessed it on the electricity consumption forecasting problem with the recurrent neural networks. The results show that the proposed method was able to considerably reduce the amount of computational resources, while maintaining the predictive performance, and thus contributing towards the Green AI. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Green AI hyper-parameter optimization machine learning neural networks resource optimization

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Compact Model Build Upon Dynamic Weighting Artificial Neural Network Approach for Complementary Field Effect Transistors

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IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 2024年第1期71卷 246-253页

作者： Butola, Rajat Li, Yiming Kola, Sekhar Reddy National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Parallel and Scientific Computing Laboratory Electrical Engineering and Computer Science International Graduate Program Hsinchu300093 Taiwan Institute of Pioneer Semiconductor Innovation The Institute of Artificial Intelligence Innovation National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Parallel and Scientific Computing Laboratory Electrical Engineering and Computer Science International Graduate Program The Institute of Communications Engineering the Institute of Biomedical Engineering Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering Hsinchu300093 Taiwan

In this work, a dynamic weighting-artificial neural network (DW-ANN) methodology is presented for quick and automated compact model (CM) generation. It takes advantage of both TCAD simulations for high accuracy and SPICE simulations for cost-effectiveness. This methodology is developed for gate-all-around (GAA) silicon (Si) nanosheet (NS) complementary field effect transistor (CFET), a potential candidate for future CMOS technology due to its innate properties. The critical process variation (PV) sources that severely degrade the CFET performance are estimated using DW-ANN. It reduces the computation cost and predicts the effects of PV sources with less than 1% error. Furthermore, a compact DW-ANN-based Verilog-A model has been developed that captures the dc as well as transient behavior accurately for circuit-level analysis. CFET-based circuits such as inverter, 6T-static random access memory (SRAM), and ring oscillator (RO) are characterized and implemented using DW-ANN-based CM. The overall average error of the model is reported as less than 2%. Therefore, the proposed device and circuit modeling approach provides a feasible solution for the rapid compact modeling of new emerging devices with good convergence and high accuracy. © 1963-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Neural networks

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Large circuit models: opportunities and challenges

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science China(Information sciences) 2024年第10期67卷 25-66页

作者： Lei CHEN Yiqi CHEN Zhufei CHU Wenji FANG Tsung-Yi HO Ru HUANG Yu HUANG Sadaf KHAN Min LI Xingquan LI Yu LI Yun LIANG Jinwei LIU Yi LIU Yibo LIN Guojie LUO Hongyang PAN Zhengyuan SHI Guangyu SUN Dimitrios TSARAS Runsheng WANG Ziyi WANG Xinming WEI Zhiyao XIE Qiang XU Chenhao XUE Junchi YAN Jun YANG Bei YU Mingxuan YUAN Evangeline F.Y.YOUNG Xuan ZENG Haoyi ZHANG Zuodong ZHANG Yuxiang ZHAO Hui-Ling ZHEN Ziyang ZHENG Binwu ZHU Keren ZHU Sunan ZOU Huawei Noah’s Ark Lab School of Integrated Circuits Peking University Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Ningbo University Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Department of Computer Science and Engineering The Chinese University of Hong Kong School of Integrated Circuits Southeast University Huawei HiSilicon Peng Cheng Laboratory School of Computer Science Peking University School of Microelectronics State Key Laboratory of Integrated Chips and System Fudan University School of Artificial Intelligence Shanghai Jiao Tong University

Within the electronic design automation(EDA) domain, artificial intelligence(AI)-driven solutions have emerged as formidable tools, yet they typically augment rather than redefine existing methodologies. These solutions often repurpose deep learning models from other domains, such as vision, text, and graph analytics, applying them to circuit design without tailoring to the unique complexities of electronic circuits. Such an “AI4EDA” approach falls short of achieving a holistic design synthesis and understanding,overlooking the intricate interplay of electrical, logical, and physical facets of circuit data. This study argues for a paradigm shift from AI4EDA towards AI-rooted EDA from the ground up, integrating AI at the core of the design process. Pivotal to this vision is the development of a multimodal circuit representation learning technique, poised to provide a comprehensive understanding by harmonizing and extracting insights from varied data sources, such as functional specifications, register-transfer level(RTL) designs, circuit netlists,and physical layouts. We champion the creation of large circuit models(LCMs) that are inherently multimodal, crafted to decode and express the rich semantics and structures of circuit data, thus fostering more resilient, efficient, and inventive design methodologies. Embracing this AI-rooted philosophy, we foresee a trajectory that transcends the current innovation plateau in EDA, igniting a profound “shift-left” in electronic design methodology. The envisioned advancements herald not just an evolution of existing EDA tools but a revolution, giving rise to novel instruments of design-tools that promise to radically enhance design productivity and inaugurate a new epoch where the optimization of circuit performance, power, and area(PPA) is achieved not incrementally, but through leaps that redefine the benchmarks of electronic systems' capabilities.

关键词： AI-rooted EDA large circuit models (LCMs) multimodal circuit representation learning circuit optimization

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Flexible pressure sensors with ultrahigh stress tolerance enabled by periodic microslits

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第1期10卷 301-311页

作者： Song Wang Chenying Wang Yifan Zhao Yujing Zhang Yaxin Zhang Xiangyue Xu Qijing Lin Kai Yao Yuheng Wang Feng Han Yu Sun Zhuangde Jiang State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement TechnologiesSchool of Mechanical EngineeringXi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’anChina State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement TechnologiesSchool of Instrument Science and TechnologyXi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’anChina The Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Ningbo UniversityNingboChina Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering University of TorontoTorontoCanada

Stress tolerance plays a vital role in ensuring the effectiveness of piezoresistive sensing films used in flexible pressure ***,existing methods for enhancing stress tolerance employ dome-shaped,wrinkle-shaped,and pyramidal-shaped microstructures in intricate molding and demolding processes,which introduce significant fabrication challenges and limit the sensing *** address these shortcomings,this paper presents periodic microslits in a sensing film made of multiwalled carbon nanotubes and polydimethylsiloxane to realize ultrahigh stress tolerance with a theoretical maximum of 2.477 MPa and a sensitivity of 18.092 kPa−*** periodic microslits permit extensive deformation under high pressure(e.g.,400 kPa)to widen the detection ***,the periodic microslits also enhance the sensitivity based on simultaneously exhibiting multiple synapses within the sensing interface and between the periodic sensing *** proposed solution is verified by experiments using sensors based on the microslit strategy for wind direction detection,robot movement sensing,and human health *** these experiments,vehicle load detection is achieved for ultrahigh pressure sensing under an ultrahigh pressure of over 400 kPa and a ratio of the contact area to the total area of 32.74%.The results indicate that the proposed microslit strategy can achieve ultrahigh stress tolerance while simplifying the fabrication complexity of preparing microstructure sensing films.

关键词： robot shaped stress

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Traffic Collision Detection Using DenseNet

Traffic Collision Detection Using DenseNet

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2023 IEEE International Conference on Industrial engineering and engineering Management, IEEM 2023

作者： Kaluza, Daniel Seiler, Marco Kashef, Rasha Toronto Metropolitan University Electrical Computer and Biomedical Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Architectural Science Toronto Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9798350323153

There has been a sharp rise in the number of fatalities and injuries caused by traffic accidents in urban areas. Cities often have video and image resources that can be analyzed manually using operators to address this problem. This paper introduces an automated collision detection system that utilizes publicly available images captured by Toronto's traffic camera system. The system is based on a Deep Learning model, specifically a DenseNet-161, employed to classify accidents and non-accidents. The results of this classification are then displayed on a graphical user interface. The primary aim of this study is to reduce medical response time and ultimately save lives by issuing automatic alerts. The proposed system has the potential to minimize the severity of accidents and decrease the number of fatalities by notifying emergency services once an accident is detected. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： CCTV Collision detection Deep learning Internet of Things (IoT) machine learning Smart Cities traffic obfuscation

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A Comparison of Selected Agent-Based Modelling Frameworks 15th

A Comparison of Selected Agent-Based Modelling Frameworks

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15th International Conference on Parallel Processing and Applied Mathematics, PPAM 2024

作者： Gacek, Paulina Bocheńczyk, Dominika Krajewski, Maciej Kruczek, Bartosz Lazarz, Krzysztof Magnuszewski, Pawel Zięciak, Antoni Kamiński, Filip Wąs, Jaroslaw Department of Applied Computer Science Faculty of Electrical Engineering Automatics IT and Biomedical Engineering AGH University of Krakow Mickiewicza 30 Krakow30-059 Poland

ISBN: (纸本)9783031857027

In recent years, a variety of new frameworks streamlining the process of agent-based modeling has emerged. These frameworks serve different purposes and each offers a unique set of features. In this practical comparative study, we evaluate the performance of various ABM frameworks through a series of benchmark simulations. By comparing the distinct functionalities offered by these tools, we aim to assist in the selection of an appropriate ABM toolkit for developing system models. This review presents a concise overview of seven popular agent-based modeling tools aiming to inspire further exploration and investigation into this subject. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.

关键词： Digital elevation model

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Hybrid In-Vehicle Background Noise Reduction for Robust Speech Recognition:The Possibilities of Next Generation 5G Data Networks

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computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第6期71卷 4659-4676页

作者： Radek Martinek Jan Baros Rene Jaros Lukas Danys Jan Nedoma VSB-Technical University of Ostrava Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer ScienceDepartment of Cybernetics and Biomedical Engineering70800Ostrava-PorubaCzechia VSB Technical University of Ostrava Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer ScienceDepartment of Telecommunications70800Ostrava-PorubaCzechia

This pilot study focuses on employment of hybrid LMS-ICA system for in-vehicle background noise *** vehicles are nowadays increasingly supporting voice commands,which are one of the pillars of autonomous and SMART *** speaker recognition for context-aware in-vehicle applications is limited to a certain extent by in-vehicle back-ground *** article presents the new concept of a hybrid system which is implemented as a virtual *** highly modular concept of the virtual car used in combination with real recordings of various driving scenarios enables effective testing of the investigated methods of in-vehicle background noise *** study also presents a unique concept of an adaptive system using intelligent clusters of distributed next generation 5G data networks,which allows the exchange of interference information and/or optimal hybrid algorithm settings between individual *** average,the unfiltered voice commands were successfully recognized in 29.34%of all scenarios,while the LMS reached up to 71.81%,and LMS-ICA hybrid improved the performance further to 73.03%.

关键词： 5G noise reduction hybrid algorithms speech recognition 5G data networks in-vehicle background noise

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