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Development of silicon-based materials for ultrasound biological phantoms

Development of silicon-based materials for ultrasound biolog...

引用

2009 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium, IUS 2009

作者： Maggi, L.E. Von Krüger, M.A. Pereira, W.C.A. Monteiro, E.E.C. Biomedical Engineering Program. COPPE Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil Instituto de Macromoléculas - IMA Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9781424443895

Ultrasound (US) phantoms are made of materials that mimic acoustic properties of human soft tissue. Ideally, such materials should mimic US velocity (1435 to 1631 m.s-1), attenuation (0.22 to 1.47 *** -1MHz-n with ranging from 1.09 to 1.15), density (916 to 1100 kg.m-3) and scattering. Many of the tested materials have some of the desired properties like Agar, polyvinyl alcohol gel and polyacrylamide gel, however, they are susceptible to dehydration and biological attacks. This fact imposes a frequent material renewal, being other source for inaccuracies and uncertainties for measurements. Silicone rubbers are stable materials, but present higher attenuation and lower US velocity compared to tissues. This work investigates the mixing of silicone rubber with other substances to bring its properties close to biological tissues, and evaluates its stability along time component;. ©2009 IEEE.

关键词： Phantoms

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Preliminary study of Pseudoarthrosis ultrasonic characterization

Preliminary study of Pseudoarthrosis ultrasonic characteriza...

引用

IEEE Symposium (IUS) Ultrasonics

作者： Daniel Patterson Matusin Wagner Coelho de A. Pereira Christiano Bittencourt Machado Manoel L. Ferreira Alberto Schanaider Biomedical Engineering Program COPPE Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil

Pseudoarthosis is a consequence of a failure in bone fracture healing process, resulting in a non-union and relative motion between fragments. The evolution of fracture consolidation and the diagnosis of pseudoarthrosis have often a follow-up with conventional X-rays exams. Quantitative ultrasound (US) characterization has the advantage of being a non-ionizing energy and of low cost. A pulse-echo substitution method to characterize biological tissues by backscattered US was implemented. Pseudoarthrosis characterization was made by parameters Apparent Integrated Backscatter - AIB, Frequency Slope Apparent Backscatter - FSAB and Time Slope Apparent Backscatter - TSAB. Initials results have shown that parameters AIB and FSAB were able to differentiate normal from pseudoarthrotic tissues with statistical significance. Additional experiments with a greater number of samples are to be made, as well as some methodological adjustments aiming in vivo applications.

关键词： Bones Backscatter X-rays Costs Surgery Transducers Evolution (biology) Ultrasonic imaging Biological tissues Frequency

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Morphological Operators on the Segmentation of Breast Ultrasound Images

Morphological Operators on the Segmentation of Breast Ultras...

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Pan American Health Care Exchanges Conference, Workshops and Exhibits (PAHCE 2009)

作者： W. Gomez L. Leija W. C. A. Pereira A. F. C. Infantosi Department of Electrical Engineering Bioelectronics CINVESTAV-IPN Biomedical Engineering Program - COPPE Federal University of Rio de Janeiro

ISBN: (纸本)9781424436682

This work presents a computerized lesion segmentation technique on breast ultrasound images. There were applied known techniques such as morphological filtering, Watershed transform and average radial derivative function. To evaluate the performance of the proposed method the resulting segmentation contours were compared with 36 breast US images manually delineated by two senior radiologists. Further, two evaluation parameters were used: the percentage of coincidence (CP) and the proportional distance (PD). The former indicates the similarity between contours, while the latter express the dissimilarity. The accuracy of the proposed method was evaluated by considering images with CP ≥ 80% and PD ≤ 10% as adequately delineated.

关键词： Breast ultrasound Segmentation Morphological operators

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Breast ultrasound phantom for image segmentation assessment

Breast ultrasound phantom for image segmentation assessment

引用

IEEE Symposium (IUS) Ultrasonics

作者： Isabela Miller de Carvalho Rodrigo Leite Q. Basto Antonio Fernando C. Infantosi Marco Antonio von Krüger Wagner Coelho de A. Pereira Biomedical Engineering Program - COPPE Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil Biomed. Eng. Program - COPPE Fed. Univ. of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil

Ultrasound (US) phantoms are used to simulate the main acoustic properties of human soft tissues and are usually applied in guided biopsy training and equipment calibration. In this work it is presented an ultrasound phantom that mimics breast lesions with regular shape, which is a typical feature related to non malignancy. The phantom matrix was made of a mixture of water, agar, glycerin and graphite and PVC powders and the lesions were of polyacrylamide. The mimicking properties were US attenuation, propagation speed and density. The regularity of the edge lesions was evaluated using two morphometric parameters: (1) Overlap Ratio (RS), and (2) Normalized Residual Mean square value (nrv). They were found compatible with regular contours of real lesions.

关键词： Breast Ultrasonic imaging Imaging phantoms Image segmentation Lesions Humans Biological tissues Biopsy Calibration Shape

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Periodicity estimation under variations of scatterer spacings, thickness and pulse frequency: A 2D simulation study

Periodicity estimation under variations of scatterer spacing...

引用

2009 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium, IUS 2009

作者： Machado, Christiano Bittencourt Padilla, Frédéric Laugier, Pascal Pereira, Wagner Coelho De A. Meziri, Mahmoud Laboratoire d'Imagerie Paramétrique CNRS Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris France Biomedical Engineering Program COPPE Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil Département de Physique Université Badji Mokhtar BP12 Annaba Algeria

ISBN: (纸本)9781424443895

Mean scatterer spacing (MSS) has been used to characterize biological tissues, however it is not well explored yet. This study simulated ultrasound (US) propagation through a simple scatterer numerical model (first approach to trabecular bone), under variations of scatterer spacings, thickness and pulse frequency, and evaluated the capacity of spectral methods in estimating MSS. MSS values of 0.8 and 1.0 mm were simulated. The methods provided correct estimates for 3.5 MHz in all jitter values. For 1 MHz, only the MSS of 1.2 mm was identified. Variation of scatterer thickness did not alter significantly MSS estimates. For trabecular bone assessment, the best US frequency may be between the two tested frequencies in this work. ©2009 IEEE.

关键词： Ultrasonics

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Development of silicon-based materials for ultrasound biological phantoms

Development of silicon-based materials for ultrasound biolog...

引用

IEEE Symposium (IUS) Ultrasonics

作者： L. E. Maggi M. A. von Krüger W. C. A. Pereira E. E. C. Monteiro Biomedical Engineering Program. COPPE Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil Instituto de Macromoléculas-IMA Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil

Ultrasound (US) phantoms are made of materials that mimic acoustic properties of human soft tissue. Ideally, such materials should mimic US velocity (1435 to 1631 m.s -1 ), attenuation (0.22 to 1.47 *** -1 MHz -n with ranging from 1.09 to 1.15), density (916 to 1100 kg.m -3 ) and scattering. Many of the tested materials have some of the desired properties like Agar, polyvinyl alcohol gel and polyacrylamide gel, however, they are susceptible to dehydration and biological attacks. This fact imposes a frequent material renewal, being other source for inaccuracies and uncertainties for measurements. Silicone rubbers are stable materials, but present higher attenuation and lower US velocity compared to tissues. This work investigates the mixing of silicone rubber with other substances to bring its properties close to biological tissues, and evaluates its stability along time.

关键词： Biological materials Ultrasonic imaging Imaging phantoms Biological tissues Attenuation Rubber Acoustic materials Humans Acoustic scattering Materials testing

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Objective assessment of knee osteroarthritis in parachuters by bioimpedance spectroscopy

Objective assessment of knee osteroarthritis in parachuters ...

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Annual International Conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)

作者： E. B. Neves A.V. Pino R. M. V. R. Almeida M. N. Souza Biomedical Engineering Program - COPPE Centro de Tecnologia Rio de Janeiro Brazil

The aim of the present study was to derive an objective and noninvasive assessment of osteoarthritis of the knee joint by bioimpedance spectrocopy (BIS). The study was performed in Brazilian Military Parachuters and intends to contribute to the improvement of the early diagnosis of joint degeneration. Twelve male volunteers (24 knee joints) participated in the study. A novel index (ID) to assess the disease was proposed from the raw bioimpedance parameter. This index was compared with a subjective rating (Dejour scale) performed by 3 therapists. The results indicated that the values of ID were significantly different (p<0.001) between the control group (class 1 of Dejour) and the pathological group (class 2 or higher). A Spearman correlation of −0.81 between the values of ID and the therapists rating was detected. Despite the need of increasing the sample size, the novel technique seems to be capable of supplying an objective and non-invasive tool for helping the diagnosis of the knee osteoarthritis.

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Using ANOVA to analyse thalidomide’s molecular mechanisms in human PBMC microarrays

Using ANOVA to analyse thalidomide’s molecular mechanisms i...

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IEEE Symposium on Bioinformatics and Bioengineering (BIBE)

作者： Renata T. Paiva Barbara C. Dias Marcelo Ribeiro-Alves Ulisses G. Lopes Flavio F. Nobre MSc student Biomedical Engineering Program COPPE/UFRJ Rio de Janeiro Brazil Centre for Technological Development Health FIOCRUZ Rio de Janeiro Brazil Structural and Molecular Biology Program IBCCF/UFRJ Rio de Janeiro Brazil Biomedical Engineering Program COPPE/UFRJ Rio de Janeiro Brazil

Thalidomide is an anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory drug that is the treatment of choice for erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL), an inflammatory cutaneous and systemic complication of multibacillary leprosy. Its use in leprosy and other conditions is controversial due to its teratogenic effects. Fifty years after the development of thalidomide, its action mechanism is still not well understood. In the present study we analyzed the in vitro effect of thalidomide on global gene expression in cultured human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMC) of normal donors. We normalized the background subtracted spotted cDNA microarray data using a locally weighted linear regression and modeled its residual by a two-step analysis of variance to detect differentially expressed PBMC human genes in response to thalidomide. Using the full set of spotted genes, 13 genes were identified as differentially expressed genes. A reduced set was derived with a direct simple filtering approach and this set resulted in eight differentially expressed genes. Among these 21 genes, 15 are involved in the immune regulation processes.

关键词： Analysis of variance Humans Immune system Drugs In vitro Gene expression Blood Cells (biology) Linear regression Filtering

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Detection of ventilatory threshold by an automatic parabolic model

Detection of ventilatory threshold by an automatic parabolic...

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Annual International Conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)

作者： Roger G. T. Mello Igor R. T. Jesus Reinaldo F. Buarque Liliam F. Oliveira Jurandir Nadal Biomedical Engineering Program COPPE Federal University Rio de Janeiro Brazil Biomechanics Laboratory Estacio de Sa University Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil Biomechanics Laboratory School of Physical Education and Sports Federal University Brazil

This work aims at presenting a method for automatic detection of the ventilatory threshold by modeling ventilatory equivalent of oxygen by a parabolic function. Thirty healthy male subjects were submitted to a single maximal oxygen uptake test, being monitored the ventilatory gas exchange signals. Ventilatory threshold by visual inspection, automatic v-slope and parabolic function methods was compared. The automatic methods showed no significant differences with visual inspection, but the parabolic technique presented higher consistence than v-slope. Since the parabolic method have low computation cost and is a simple method, it can be recommended as an alternative choice to v-slope method.

关键词： Visualization Inspection Standards Analysis of variance biomedical monitoring Blood Observers

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Assessment of the effects of subthalamic stimulation in Parkinson disease patients by artificial neural network

Assessment of the effects of subthalamic stimulation in Park...

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Annual International Conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)

作者： A. M. S. Muniz F. F. Nobre H. Liu K. E. Lyons R. Pahwa W. Liu J. Nadal Biomedical Engineering Program COPPE Federal University Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Sciences University of Kansas Medical Center Kansas City KS USA Parkinsons Disease and Movement Disorder Center Department of Neurology University of Kansas Medical Center Kansas City KS USA

This study aims at applying an artificial neural network for the evaluation of the effects of deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) on Parkinson disease (PD) patients with and without medication. A sample of 15 PD patients who have undergone STN DBS were evaluated under four test conditions: medication off and stimulation off (mof-sof), medication off and stimulation on (mof-son), medication on and stimulation off (mon-sof) and medication on and stimulation on (mon-son). A control group with 30 subjects was also evaluated. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied on vertical ground reaction force (vGRF) and the first six principal component scores (PC score) were obtained in both groups. Those PCs scores were used as input in a probabilistic neural network (PNN). PNN presented satisfactory classification performance in the separation of controls and PD with 90.1% accuracy, 69.2% sensitivity and 100% specificity. The stimulation mof-son and mon-son conditions presented better results compared to mon-sof. In the mof-son condition, 41.7% were classified as normal, while further enhancement (63.3%) was given by the mon-son condition. These results indicated the potentiality of PNN to quantitatively evaluate treatment effects. Furthermore, STN DBS shows improvement on vGRF pattern in PD patients, most substantially when used with medication.

关键词： Satellite broadcasting Medical diagnostic imaging Diseases Artificial neural networks Deep brain stimulation Legged locomotion Force

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