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Computerized simulation of breast ultrasound images

Computerized simulation of breast ultrasound images

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Pan American Health Care Exchanges, PAHCE

作者： W. Gómez W. C. A. Pereira A. F. C. Infantosi A. Díaz-Pérez Information Technology Laboratory IPN CINVESTAV Ciudad Victoria Mexico Biomedical Engineering Program/COPPE UFRJ Rio de Janeiro Brazil

The present article proposes a methodology for simulating breast ultrasound (BUS) images for assessing segmentation algorithms. The main characteristics of the simulated BUS images are: (i) building an echogenicity map containing common tissues found in real breasts as well as their geometries and (ii) simulating the physical process of image acquisition. The validation procedure is based on measuring the correlation between the theoretical Rayleigh probability density function (PDF) with the one obtained from simulated speckle textures. The results pointed out that the PDF derived from simulated images are strongly correlated with the theoretical PDF with a coefficient of correlation of 0.999.

关键词： Lesions Image segmentation Ultrasonic imaging Speckle Breast tissue Acoustics

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Evaluating periodicity of trabecular bone phantoms using ultrasound signals

Evaluating periodicity of trabecular bone phantoms using ult...

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Pan American Health Care Exchanges, PAHCE

作者： P. T. C. R. Rosa D. P. Matusin A. J. F. Pereira C. B. Machado W. C. A. Pereira Biomedical Engineering Program/COPPE Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil Laboratoire dImagerie Paramétrique Université Paris VI France

The aim of this work was to characterize the periodicity of a commercial available trabecular bone phantom with ultrasound (US) backscattered signals. Three US frequencies were applied (1.0, 2.25 and 5.0 MHz), and spectral analysis methods were used to estimate the mean scatterer spacing (MSS) of 100 signals/sample from five different samples. The results showed that it is possible to estimate the medium periodicity (trabecular spacings varying from 1.5 to 2.5 mm), and at higher frequencies the average MSS decreased, which is expected because of a higher spatial resolution (identification of the trabecular thickness periodicity). MSS values are in agreement with intertrabecular distances declared by the product supplier.

关键词： Ultrasonic imaging Phantoms Bones Frequency estimation Acoustics Conferences IEEE catalog

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Influence of temperature on Mean Scattering Spacing estimation of in vitro bovine muscle

Influence of temperature on Mean Scattering Spacing estimati...

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Pan American Health Care Exchanges, PAHCE

作者： G. A. Cortela M. A. von Krüger C. B. Machado C. A. Negreira W. C. A. Pereira Biomedical Engineering Program COPPE/UFRJ Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil Laboratorio de Acústica Ultrasónica UdelaR Montevideo Uruguay

Periodicity of structures can be investigated with backscattered ultrasound, usually by applying spectral methods and estimating the Mean Scatterer Spacing (MSS). Biological tissues, such as skeletal muscle, or liver or trabecular bone, can present periodic or quasi-periodic structures. In this work it is studied the behavior of MSS with temperature and frequency for in vitro samples of bovine muscular tissues. MSS was obtained in the range of 37°C to 43°C, and between 1 MHz to 10.0 MHz Results show that, for the studied sample, MSS decreased with temperature for the muscle. It seems to be in agreement with the expected physiologic behavior of muscular fibers. Further complementary experiments are being envisaged.

关键词： Muscles Ultrasonic imaging Bovine Temperature measurement RF signals Frequency estimation Transducers

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Evaluation performance of local adaptive binarization algorithms for trabecular bone on simulated µCT

Evaluation performance of local adaptive binarization algori...

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IEEE Symposium on Nuclear Science (NSS/MIC)

作者： Erika Sales Wilfrido Gómez Wagner C. A. Pereira Biomedical Engineering Program-COPPE Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil Information Technology Laboratory CINVESTA VlPN Ciudad Victoria Mexico

In this work, five local adaptive thresholding methods (named Bernsen, Niblack, Sauvola, Wellner and White) were evaluated to segment three-dimensional X-ray microtomographies (μCT). The basic objective was to use a computer algorithm to automatically quantify bone morphology. The performance of these methods was quantitatively evaluated by using 128 images (pixel size of 0.015 mm) obtained from a three-dimensional numerical phantom, which mimics the porosity of trabecular bone. Thereafter, standard histomorphometric parameters (bone-volume to total-volume ratio [BV/TV (%)], bone-surface to bone-volume ratio [BS/BV (mm -1 )], trabecular thickness [*** (μm)], trabecular number [Tb.N (mm -1 )], and trabecular separation [*** (μm)]) were estimated and usad as a means of comparison between the true segmentation values (obtained from the numerical phantom) and the outcome of each binarization algorithm. The results pointed out that Wellner method presented in general smaller errors than the other ones. The next step is to apply this method on real μCT for quantifying bone morphology.

关键词： Phantoms

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Analysis of different techniques for measuring the attenuation coefficient in ultrasonic phantom

Analysis of different techniques for measuring the attenuati...

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Pan American Health Care Exchanges, PAHCE

作者： L. E. Maggi J. F. S. Costa G. A. Cortela W. C. A. Pereira M. A. von Krüger State University of Goiás Goiania Goias Brazil Biomedical Engineering Program-COPPE UFRJ Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil Ultrasonic Acoustics Laboratory UDELAR Montevideo Uruguay

This work describes some techniques for estimating the attenuation coefficient of longitudinal wave in a phantom made with RTV615 (GE) and silicone. The AWAY method presented results with lower standard deviation when RMS or FFT was applied to analyze the ultrasonic signal. Furthermore, it was observed that the use of APPARENT AWAY method with the FFT has sensitivity to number of cycles of the burst used, because the increased number of cycles considerably reduced the standard deviation of the results. However, if the number of cycles is greater than 10, the application of FFT and RMS methods gave similar results and should provide the same standard deviation.

关键词： Phantoms Attenuation Acoustics Ultrasonic imaging Transducers Face Ultrasonic variables measurement

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The effect of cortical bone mineralization in ultrasound axial transmission: On the possibility of fracture healing monitoring

The effect of cortical bone mineralization in ultrasound axi...

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Pan American Health Care Exchanges, PAHCE

作者： C. B. Machado W. C. A. Pereira M. Talmant F. Padilla P. Laugier Biomedical Engineering Program-COPPE UFRJ Rio de Janeiro Brazil Laboratoire dImagerie Paramétrique Université Paris 1 France Department of Radiology University of Michigan Medical Center MI USA

The present work aims at studying the effect of cortical bone mineralization on ultrasound axial transmission (UAT) measurements, using experiments and numerical simulations. To this end, a reverse fracture healing approach is proposed, using an in vitro bovine femur sample. A demineralization protocol was applied, and the time-of-flight of the wave propagating in axial transmission measured. Numerical simulations of the experimental situation were also implemented. Mineralization degree may influence ultrasound measurements, and it may be a promising tool for fracture healing assessment.

关键词： Bones Ultrasonic imaging Ultrasonic variables measurement Numerical simulation biomedical measurements Mineralization Acoustics

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In vivo characterization of long-bone in animal model by two ultrasonic scattering parameters: AIB and FSAB

In vivo characterization of long-bone in animal model by two...

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Pan American Health Care Exchanges, PAHCE

作者： A. J. F. Pereira D. P. Matusin P. T. C. R. Rosa C. B. Machado M. L. Ferreira A. Schanaider M. A. von Krüger W. C. A. Pereira Biomedical Engineering Program/COPPE Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil Experimental Surgery Department/CCS Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil

Quantitative Ultrasound (QUS) is a new possibility for non-ionizing diagnosis and monitoring of bone diseases which are usually monitored by radiographs. In this work, an ultrasound (US) pulse-echo method was proposed to in vivo signal acquisition for long bone characterization in an animal model. Two parameters, one related to US backscattering from bone and the other to US reflection at the muscle/bone interface, were calculated in both femurs of seven rats and the results showed that their values statistically belong to the same group. This is indication that the proposed protocol has potential to characterize normal in vivo long bones in animal models.

关键词： Bones Ultrasonic imaging Leg Backscatter Animals Acoustics Biological tissues

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On the reproducibility of the average gray-level for noninvasive temperature estimation in the hyperthermia range

On the reproducibility of the average gray-level for noninva...

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Pan American Health Care Exchanges, PAHCE

作者： C. A. Teixeira A. V. Alvarenga G. A. Cortela A. J. F. Pereira M. A. von Krüger W. C. A. Pereira CISUC-FCTUC University of Coimbra Coimbra Portugal Laboratory of Ultrasound National Institute of Metrology Standardization and Industrial Quality (Inmetro) Brazil Biomedical Engineering Program/COPPE Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil

The thermal treatment of deep-sited tissues requires temperature feedback by minimally invasive or even by completely noninvasive methods. Ultrasound has been pointed as a viable technology for noninvasive temperature assessment. More precisely, parameters from B-Mode images were pointed to vary monotonically with temperature and able to estimate temperature with appropriate resolution. In this paper, a bovine muscle sample is subjected to several heating and cooling periods in order to analyze how the average gray-level from B-Mode images is reproducible with temperature. This is an important aspect concerning the real-time application on a clinical setting. Results point that for formaldehyde fixed tissue the average gray-level was reproducible with temperature. In non-fixed (unstable) media reproducibility was achieved by considering relative (temperature and average gray-level) changes to the starting of a particular heating/cooling phase.

关键词： Heating Ultrasonic imaging Temperature measurement Cooling Estimation Temperature sensors Hyperthermia

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Segmenting 3D X-Ray microtomography using two different approaches: Morphological filters and Artificial Ant Colony

Segmenting 3D X-Ray microtomography using two different appr...

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Pan American Health Care Exchanges, PAHCE

作者： E. Sales A. V. Alvarenga W. Gómez W. C. A. Pereira Biomedical Engineering Program/COPPE Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil Laboratory of Ultrasound National Institute of Metrology Standardization and Industrial Quality (Inmetro) Brazil Information Technology Laboratory CINVESTAV Ciudad Victoria Mexico

Three-dimensional X-Ray Micromotomography (3D μCT) has become an important tool to investigate bone morphology. Several investigators have searched a standard method for determining the optimal threshold value (optimal TH) to segment microtomographic images and quantify the bone morphology. The Conventional methods are based on subjective methods, and it is possible to obtain under or overestimated TH values. In this work, two automatic methods for segmenting 3D μCT are presented. The first one is based on Morphological Filters and Otsu's method (MFO), and the other one is based Artificial Ant Colony (AAC). Both method performances are evaluated quantitatively using a numerical phantom which mimics a trabecular bone. Besides, the proposed methods are applied to segment a microtomographic image from a rat vertebral bone. The segmented image of phantom based on AAC method showed results closer to the binary reference image of the numerical phantom and the histomorphometric parameters values presented smaller error (11.3%) than the one based on MFO (22.4%). When the methods were applied to segment a microtomographic image, the performances were compatible, and the histomorphometric parameter values present differences inferior to 9%.

关键词： Bones Image segmentation Phantoms Pixel Three dimensional displays Computed tomography Morphology

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In vivo endoluminal ultrasound biomicroscopic imaging of colon lesions in mouse models of cancer and inflammation

In vivo endoluminal ultrasound biomicroscopic imaging of col...

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IEEE Symposium (IUS) Ultrasonics

作者： Kelly Z. Alves Rossana C. Soletti Marcelo A. P. Britto Dyanna G. Matos Helena L. Borges Mônica Soldan João C. Machado Biomedical Engineering Program at COPPE Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil Post-Graduation Program in Surgical Sciences Department of Surgery from School of Medicine Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil Biomedical Science Institute Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil Division of Gastroenterology Endoscopy Unit Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil Biomedical Engineering Program at COPPE and Post-Graduation Program in Surgical Sciences Department of Surgery from School of Medicine Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9781457712531

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in the world and the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality in United States. Most malignant tumors are cured if diagnosed and properly treated during the disease early stage. CRC risk increases in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a chronic inflammatory condition affecting about five million people worldwide. Mice models of CRC and IBD are used to understand the pathogenic mechanisms, to establish therapeutic and preventive measures and to evaluate diagnostic tools. The development of minimally invasive tools to detect and monitor colon diseases could improve the studies in mice models for IBD and CRC. This has motivated the use endoluminal ultrasound biomicroscopy (eUBM) to image colon lesions in mice models for CRC and IBD, in vivo. An eUBM system was employed using a 40 MHz transducer attached to a microcomputer controlled front-end electronics. The transducer rotates inside a catheter and ultrasound cross-sectional colon images were obtained with the catheter inserted into the working channel of flexible bronchofiberscope. Water, injected through the catheter, was the ultrasound coupling medium. All colonic tissue layers in control mice (mucosa, muscularis mucosae, submucosa and muscularis externa) were detected by eUBM. Small adenomas and invasive adenocarcinomas were well visualized in eUBM images of CRC and IBD mouse models. All eUBM images correlated well with the post-mortem colon histology sections.

关键词： Ultrasonic imaging Mice Colon Imaging Lesions Cancer Catheters

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