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A 3D microcomputer-based system for the teaching of human skull anatomy

A 3D microcomputer-based system for the teaching of human sk...

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Annual International Conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)

作者： Agela Klemt Antonio F. C. Infantosi Biomedical Engineering Program COPPE Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil

For the teaching of medicine and dentistry, a system for the development of 3D computer models of the human skull anatomy has been developed, together with a graphics interface for its presentation on screen. The task was implemented on a 386 IBM-PC compatible computer and the model is defined semi-automatically by image processing of a set of Computerized Tomography (CT) slices. The 3D image creation then took, in the worst case, about 110 seconds for each viewing angle. The reconstruction of the skull was successful and it is therefore expected that the system can readily be applied.

关键词： Image resolution Three dimensional displays Irrigation Education Humans

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Basic considerations of ultrasonic air-bubble detectors for blood extracorporeal circulation

Basic considerations of ultrasonic air-bubble detectors for ...

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Annual International Conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)

作者： Luiz Eduardo G. da Costa João C. Machado Biomedical Engineering Program-COPPE Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil

This work presents an analysis about the limitation of ultrasonic air-bubble detectors based on the measurement of the wave attenuation caused by the presence of air-bubbles in the blood circuit. Considering as a lower limit the amount of 0.5 ml of air in 1 liter of blood for a blood flow rate of 250 ml/min then it is shown that for ultrasonic frequencies of 50 kHz, 100 kHz, 1 MHz and 5 MHz the detectors may fail if the air-bubble diameter exceeds 110, 74, 44 and 38 μm, respectively.

关键词： Frequency measurement biomedical measurements Acoustics Blood Ultrasonic variables measurement

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A Thermochromic Test Body and its Relationship with the Effective Radiation Area (ERA) of Therapeutic Ultrasound Devices

A Thermochromic Test Body and its Relationship with the Effe...

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Global Medical engineering Physics Exchanges/Pan American Health Care Exchanges Conference

作者： R. M. Costa T. P. Omena M. A. von Krüger W. C. A. Pereira National Institute of Cancer Rio de Janeiro Brazil Biomedical Engineering Program COPPE-UFRJ Rio de Janeiro Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9781509024872

This paper presents a thermochromic test body to qualitative evaluate the Effective Radiation Area (ERA) of Therapeutic Ultrasound (TUS) devices. The thermal areas produced by three transducers are measured and compared to the ERA of the same transducers measured according to the IEC 61689 standard. A linear relationship was obtained between both kinds of areas suggesting that a quantitative relation can be found and used to easily monitor TUS working conditions.

关键词： Ultrasound calibration thermochromic Effective Radiation Area silicone

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Ultrasonic focused pulse-echo method for determination of propagation velocity and layer thickness of multilayered media

Ultrasonic focused pulse-echo method for determination of pr...

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Annual International Conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)

作者： Wagner Coelho A. Pereira João Carlos Machado Biomedical Engineering Program COPPE Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil

Ultrasonic medical images is well established as an important diagnostic tool nowadays. Quantitative ultrasonic images, nevertheless, have not reached a clinical use. The cause of this are the peculiar propagation of ultrasonic waves in the biological tissues. This paper presents a: pulse-echo technique to estimate thickness and ultrasound wave velocity in multilayered media. Results of 8 experiments with an aluminum cylinder (thickness: 60 mm, diameter: 120 mm) phantom are presented and discussed.

关键词： biomedical imaging Attenuation Biology

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Independent component analysis for reducing electrocardiographic interference in the multichannel electromyogram

Independent component analysis for reducing electrocardiogra...

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作者： Júnior, J.D.Costa De Seixas, J.M. Nadal, J. De Sá, A.M.F.L.Miranda Biomedical Engineering Program Federal University of Rio de Janeiro COPPE/UFRJ P.O. Box 68512 ZIP 21941-972 Rio de Janeiro Brazil Signal Processing Laboratory Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil

The aim of this work was to separate ECG artifacts from surface electromyogram (EMG) signals collected from erector spinae muscles with the blind source separation technique based on independent component analysis (ICA) and to investigate the separation at different interference levels. Using three EMG signals collected above erector spinal muscles from 5 subjects, the proposed method succeeds in separating the sources in both real and simulated signals. However, the ICA is not able to separate the signals when the signal-to-interference ratio is greater than 20 dB. © 2011 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

关键词： Electromyography

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Exploring Possibilities for Real-Time Muscle Dynamics State Estimation from EMG signals

Exploring Possibilities for Real-Time Muscle Dynamics State ...

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IEEE RAS & EMBS International Conference on biomedical Robotics and Biomechatronics

作者： Luciano L. Menegaldo The Alberto Luiz Coimbra Institute for Graduate Studies and Research in Engineering Biomedical Engineering Program (PEB/COPPE) Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro

ISBN: (纸本)9781457711992

Real-time estimation of muscle state (activation, force and length) can be used for visualization of muscle function in neuromuscular rehabilitation and control of wearable assistive and augmenting devices. This paper proposes two formulations for developing linear state estimations of muscle dynamics in isometric contractions: the Luemberger observer and the Kalman filter. One of the main requirements of an estimator for such application is small lag, and a Finite Impulse Response (FIR) pre-filter was used to eliminate part of the high-frequency content of the EMG signal. A run test with human soleus EMG sample was performed. Both Luemberger observer and Kalman filter provided reasonably accurate estimations of the muscle state, compared to usual off-line EMG-driven analysis. In addition, the role of some Kalman filter parameters is analyzed.

关键词： Electromyogram State estimation Kalman filters muscles filter parameters Frequency spectra Time Estimation muscle function signals

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Time-frequency mapping of the magnitude squared-coherence for intra-QRS potentials detection

Time-frequency mapping of the magnitude squared-coherence fo...

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Annual International Conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)

作者： P.R.B. Barbosa L.C. Bernardino J. Barbosa-Filho I. Cordovil J. Nadal Biomedical Engineering Program-COPPE Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Brazil Gama Filho University Rio de Janeiro Brazil

Intra-QRS potentials detected in the presence of heart disease represents unstable electrical conduction in damaged myocardium, probably due to dispersion in propagation time-constants. A one-dimensional linear model of continuous velocity waveform transmission is proposed, and a time-frequency magnitude squared-coherence (MSC) mapping of the ventricular activation (VA) of patients with ventricular tachycardia (VT) and normal volunteers was studied. Normal subjects shows high MSC estimates, mainly at the beginning and end of VA. Reduction of MSC estimate throughout VA was observed in VT, which reflects variation in the content of successive spectral estimates. This finding is indicative of fluctuation in propagation velocity of the ventricular activation in damaged myocardium.

关键词： Time frequency analysis Myocardium Electrocardiography Surface waves biomedical engineering Cardiology Cardiac disease Fluctuations Filtering Frequency domain analysis

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Classification of breast tumours on ultrasound images using morphometric parameters

Classification of breast tumours on ultrasound images using ...

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IEEE International Symposium on Intelligent Signal Processing

作者： A.V. Alvarenga W.C.A. Pereira A.F.C. Infantosi C.M. de Azevedo Biomedical Engineering Program/COPPE Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil Rio de Janeiro Brazil

This work aims to assess the potentiality of morphometric parameters in separating breast tumour, on ultrasonic images, as malign or benign. Parameters were calculated over normalised radial length and convex polygons from 152 segmented tumour images. Linear discriminant analysis was applied and parameters performance assessed (accuracy, sensitivity and specificity). The best parameter performances for individual parameters were the normalised residual mean square value and the circularity. Taking these last two and the roughness the best separation performance was obtained: specificity (90.4%) and sensitivity (88.0%). These three parameters were also applied to a multilayer perceptron network using GA-backpropagation hybrid training. The initial results pointed out that hybrid GA-backpropagation training was capable to produce similar high performance both to training (accuracy = 90.3%, sensitivity = 90.0% and specificity = 90.9%) and test (accuracy, sensitivity and specificity equal to 90.0%) procedures. Besides, the performances obtained with two training sets of distinct sizes (30% and 50% of all samples) were slightly different.

关键词： Breast tumors Ultrasonic imaging Breast cancer Artificial neural networks Sensitivity and specificity Multilayer perceptrons Genetic algorithms Mammography Biopsy Image databases

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Computerized simulation of breast ultrasound images

Computerized simulation of breast ultrasound images

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Pan American Health Care Exchanges, PAHCE

作者： W. Gómez W. C. A. Pereira A. F. C. Infantosi A. Díaz-Pérez Information Technology Laboratory IPN CINVESTAV Ciudad Victoria Mexico Biomedical Engineering Program/COPPE UFRJ Rio de Janeiro Brazil

The present article proposes a methodology for simulating breast ultrasound (BUS) images for assessing segmentation algorithms. The main characteristics of the simulated BUS images are: (i) building an echogenicity map containing common tissues found in real breasts as well as their geometries and (ii) simulating the physical process of image acquisition. The validation procedure is based on measuring the correlation between the theoretical Rayleigh probability density function (PDF) with the one obtained from simulated speckle textures. The results pointed out that the PDF derived from simulated images are strongly correlated with the theoretical PDF with a coefficient of correlation of 0.999.

关键词： Lesions Image segmentation Ultrasonic imaging Speckle Breast tissue Acoustics

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Detection of atrial persistent rhythm based on P-wave recognition and RR interval variability

Detection of atrial persistent rhythm based on P-wave recogn...

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Computers in Cardiology (CinC)

作者： V.R. Zurro A.L. Stelle J. Nadal Biomedical Engineering Program-COPPE Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Brazil Federal Center of Technological Education of Paraná Curitiba Brazil

In order to improve a classification system for arrhythmia analysis, we developed an algorithm for automatic detection of ventricular response to atrial flutter and fibrillation episodes. As an intermediate step to differentiate these rhythms from the normal, the algorithm detects the presence of sinus P-waves, by analyzing single lead ECG. When P-waves are detected for six successive beats, the rhythm is labeled as normal. If this detection fails, the mean RR interval is computed and analyzed. The rhythm is labelled atrial fibrillation when the mean is between two thresholds. The algorithm identifies as atrial flutter, epochs with high cardiac frequency and low variability. All other rhythms are labeled as abnormal, requiring posterior QRS shape analysis for correct classification. The algorithm was tested with the MIT-BIH Arrhythmia Database.

关键词： Rhythm Algorithm design and analysis Electrocardiography Failure analysis Atrial fibrillation Frequency Shape Classification algorithms Testing Databases

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